课外阅读高中所有化学方程式.docx

1、课外阅读高中所有化学方程式课外阅读高中所有化学方程式非金属单质（F2，Cl2,O2,S,N2,P,C,Si）1,氧化性：F2+H2=2HFF2+Xe(过量)=XeF22F2（过量）+Xe=XeF4nF2+2M=2MFn(表示大部分金属)2F2+2H2O=4HF+O22F2+2NaOH=2NaF+OF2+H2OF2+2NaCl=2NaF+Cl2F2+2NaBr=2NaF+Br2F2+2NaI=2NaF+I2F2+Cl2(等体积)=2ClF3F2(过量)+Cl2=2ClF37F2(过量)+I2=2IF7Cl2+H2=2HCl3Cl2+2P=2PCl3Cl2+PCl3=PCl5Cl2+2Na=2Na

2、Cl3Cl2+2Fe=2FeCl3Cl2+2FeCl2=2FeCl3Cl2+Cu=CuCl22Cl2+2NaBr=2NaCl+Br2Cl2+2NaI=2NaCl+I25Cl2+I2+6H2O=2HIO3+10HClCl2+Na2S=2NaCl+SCl2+H2S=2HCl+SCl2+SO2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HClCl2+H2O2=2HCl+O22O2+3Fe=Fe3O4O2+K=KO2S+H2=H2S2S+C=CS2S+Fe=FeSS+2Cu=Cu2S3S+2Al=Al2S3S+Zn=ZnSN2+3H2=2NH3N2+3Mg=Mg3N2N2+3Ca=Ca3N2N2+3Ba=Ba3N2N2

3、+6Na=2Na3NN2+6K=2K3NN2+6Rb=2Rb3NP2+6H2=4PH3P+3Na=Na3P2P+3Zn=Zn3P22还原性S+O2=SO2S+O2=SO2S+6HNO3(浓)=H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O3S+4HNO3(稀)=3SO2+4NO+2H2ON2+O2=2NO4P+5O2=P4O10(常写成P2O5)2P+3X2=2PX3（X表示F2，Cl2，Br2）PX3+X2=PX5P4+20HNO3(浓)=4H3PO4+20NO2+4H2OC+2F2=CF4C+2Cl2=CCl42C+O2(少量)=2COC+O2(足量)=CO2C+CO2=2COC+H2O=CO+H2(生成

4、水煤气)2C+SiO2=Si+2CO(制得粗硅)Si(粗)+2Cl=SiCl4(SiCl4+2H2=Si(纯)+4HCl)Si(粉)+O2=SiO2Si+C=SiC(金刚砂)Si+2NaOH+H2O=Na2SiO3+2H23，（碱中）歧化Cl2+H2O=HCl+HClO（加酸抑制歧化，加碱或光照促进歧化）Cl2+2NaOH=NaCl+NaClO+H2O2Cl2+2Ca（OH）2=CaCl2+Ca（ClO）2+2H2O3Cl2+6KOH（热，浓）=5KCl+KClO3+3H2O3S+6NaOH=2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O4P+3KOH（浓）+3H2O=PH3+3KH2PO211P+15C

5、uSO4+24H2O=5Cu3P+6H3PO4+15H2SO43C+CaO=CaC2+CO3C+SiO2=SiC+2CO二，金属单质（Na，Mg，Al，Fe）的还原性2Na+H2=2NaH4Na+O2=2Na2O2Na2O+O2=2Na2O22Na+O2=Na2O22Na+S=Na2S（爆炸）2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H22Na+2NH3=2NaNH2+H24Na+TiCl4（熔融）=4NaCl+TiMg+Cl2=MgCl2Mg+Br2=MgBr22Mg+O2=2MgOMg+S=MgSMg+2H2O=Mg（OH）2+H22Mg+TiCl4（熔融）=Ti+2MgCl2Mg+2RbCl=MgC

6、l2+2Rb2Mg+CO2=2MgO+C2Mg+SiO2=2MgO+SiMg+H2S=MgS+H2Mg+H2SO4=MgSO4+H22Al+3Cl2=2AlCl34Al+3O2=2Al2O3（钝化）4Al(Hg)+3O2+2xH2O=2(Al2O3.xH2O)+4Hg4Al+3MnO2=2Al2O3+3Mn2Al+Cr2O3=Al2O3+2Cr2Al+Fe2O3=Al2O3+2Fe2Al+3FeO=Al2O3+3Fe2Al+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H22Al+3H2SO4=Al2(SO4)3+3H22Al+6H2SO4(浓)=Al2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O(Al,Fe在冷,浓的H2S

7、O4,HNO3中钝化)Al+4HNO(稀)=Al(NO3)3+NO+2H2O2Al+2NaOH+2H2O=2NaAlO2+3H22Fe+3Br2=2FeBr3Fe+I2=FeI2Fe+S=FeS3Fe+4H2O(g)=Fe3O4+4H2Fe+2HCl=FeCl2+H2Fe+CuCl2=FeCl2+CuFe+SnCl4=FeCl2+SnCl2(铁在酸性环境下,不能把四氯化锡完全还原为单质锡Fe+SnCl2=FeCl2+Sn)三,非金属氢化物(HF,HCl,H2O,H2S,NH3)1,还原性:4HCl(浓)+MnO2=MnCl2+Cl2+2H2O4HCl(g)+O2=2Cl2+2H2O16HCl+2KMnO4=2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2+8H2O14HCl+K2Cr2O7=2KCl+2CrCl3+3Cl2+7H2O2H2O+2F2=4HF+O22H2S+3O2(足量)=2SO2+2H2O2H2S+O2(少量)=2S+2H2O2H2S+SO2=3S+2H2OH2S+H2SO4(浓)=S+SO2+2H2O3H2S+2HNO(稀)=3S+2NO+4H2O5H2S+2KMnO4+3H2SO4=2MnSO4+K2SO4+5S+8H2O