修改句子的成分和基本句型.docx

1、修改句子的成分和基本句型 第四章 句子的成分和基本句型第一部分：预习作业1、同学们，你知道英语句子中都有哪些成分吗？他们有什么功能作用呢？_2、你知道英语句子有_种基本句子类型吗？能写出来吗？_3、试一试：1）指出下列句子中划线部分的成分。1. The students are learning grammar.A. 主语 B. 谓语 C. 宾语 D.表语2Betty set down some new words A. 主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语3We all like our new school.A. 主语 B. 谓语 C. 宾语 D.表语4My brother is a pol

2、iceman. A. 主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语5Winter is the coldest season of the year. A 定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语6Were you at home last night? A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语7Mary asked me to help her yesterday.A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语2）指出下列句子的基本类型1They arrived at six oclock.2I have bought three books.3 My mother is fifty now.4My friend g

3、ave me a birthday present.5. I find him a lovely boy.第二部分：初中知识回顾（一）句子成分：组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。一、主语(subject)主语说明谓语动作或状态的执行者，表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词、动名词或相当于名词的词或短语、从句充当。例如:Lily ignores the bell . He is concerned about the exam. Everyone is born with the

4、 ability to learn. To learn English well is not easy. Learning grammar well is difficult. （动名词）What I said is true. 主语从句二、谓语(predicate)说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词充当。系动词是侧重于表示人或事物状态、性质的动词，它没有明显的外观的动作形式，常见的系动词有：a)Be动词（am，is，are, was, were）b)表保持（keep, stay, remain）c)表改变（get， become， turn）d)感官动词（fe

5、el（感觉），sound（听起来），seem/look（看起来），taste（尝起来），smell（闻起来）例如：We disagree the plan. The diary is her good friend. She will ignore the bellI havent been able to be outdoors for so longIt was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to faceEver since middle school, my sister Wang Wei

6、 and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.（P18）注意：1、谓语和主语有人称、数和时态的变化例如：I am reading. You are reading. HeShe is reading. We are reading.2、除了倒装等特殊情况外，谓语的位置相对来说是固定的，它总是位于主语的后面。There are many traditional folk stories3、祈使句Do the following survey做以下调查。（P1）Read the letter that Lisa wrote to Miss W

7、anglist the countries that use English as an official language（P9）Listen and read through the textThink about the advantages and disadvantages of each form of transport.（P17）三、宾语(object)宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语、从句充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。例如：She suffered from loneliness. I pack up them into th

8、e suitcase very quickly. He wanted to have a cup of tea. They will keep practicing what they have learnedThey say that this boy and I have fallen in love.（P6）Research shows that successful learners have some good habits in common.注意：直接宾语和间接宾语有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如：He told

9、 me a good news . 他告诉我一个好消息。间接宾语 直接宾语 Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。间接宾语 直接宾语四、表语(predicative)说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语、从句等充当。与系动词连用的部分叫“系表结构”，“表”就是“表语”的意思例如：Learning is a lifelong journeyThey were at home.The night is frightening. Her grandfath

10、er is over eighty years old.He looks as if he were going to cry. My job is to teach them grammar.五、定语(attributive)定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词外，还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语、从句等。例如：She has one serious shortcoming. Are these students your classmates? I have something important to tell you.The swimming pool i

11、s wonderful.There are some boys playing outside.This is a broken glass.We must solve the problems left by history.The students who are in the classroom are good.India has a very large number of fluent English speakersIn the valleys colorful butterflies flew around usA smelly gas came out of the crac

12、ks.（P26）It was a frightening night.（P28）Then one day I watched an English movie called Toy Story. I fell in love with this exciting and funny movie!注意：形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前。而介词短语、不定式短语或副词，从句等作定语时则放在被修饰的词之后。在看看上面的例句，你能说说他们是前置定语还是后置定语吗？六、状语(adverbial)状语是修饰动词、形容词、或副词的，有的修饰全句。例如：动作在什么时间发生，什么地点发生，什么条件下发生，为什

13、么目的发生，等等。一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当例如：You are very good .（副词） 你非常优秀。He comes to the school by bus. (介词短语) 他乘公交车到学校。She will arrive in Beijing on Monday. （介词短语）她将于星期一到达北京。Here are some tips to help you. （不定式短语）这有一些提示可以帮助你。Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when

14、the window was open.（P2） He stopped in order to offer help.（P4）We finally got the chance to take a bike trip.（P18）I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a better understanding of English movies.七、宾语补足语(object complement)有些及物动词的宾语后边还需要有一个补足语，意思才能够完整。1、 英语中有些及物动词，不但会涉及到一个对象(宾语)，

15、还会使宾语产生一种结果。动词引发宾语的结果就是宾语补足语。例如： We call him Little Tom. (称呼的对象是him, 称呼的结果是Little Tom. Little Tom 就是宾语补足语。) I find smoking bad for health. (find 的对象是smoking, 结论是bad for health.)2、英语中表示看、听之类的动词，不仅看到一个人(宾语)，还会看到他在做什么事。宾语所做的事也是宾语补足语。例如：I saw a bird in a cage. (看到小鸟在笼子里，“在笼子里”是宾语补足语。)We heard her singin

16、g a song. (听到她在唱歌，“在唱歌”是宾语补足语。) （这一类带宾语补足语动词有：see, hear, notice, watch, feel, observe 等。）例如：We call her Xiao Li. 宾语 宾语补足语You must keep the room clean and tidy. 宾语 宾语补足语John asked me to help him with his Chinese. 宾语 宾语补足语I will have my hair cut tomorrow. 宾语 宾语补足语We saw the boy playing basketball on t

17、he playground just now. 宾语 宾语补足语总结：句子成分巧记歌诀 主谓宾表定状补， 七种成分记清楚。 句子主干主谓宾（表），枝叶成分定状补。 定语修饰主宾表， 宾语之后常有补。 主谓人称数一致， 状语位置最灵活。（二）简单句的基本句型： 由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）所构成的句子叫简单句。根据句子的基本结构，简单句分为5种基本句型：1SV;（主语 不及物动词）I can swim. 我会游泳。主语 谓语（不及物动词）The plane has already arrived. 飞机已经抵达。主语 谓语At that time two big change

18、s in English spelling happened（P10）A great number of people diedAll languages change and develop.2SVO;（主语及物动词宾语）I like English. 我喜欢英语。主语 谓语 宾语They are reading books . 他们在看书。主语. 谓语 宾语He bought a computer last week. 他上周买了台电脑。主语 谓语 宾语Other students have started gossiping.Britain ruled India from 1765 t

19、o1947. (P10）Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike3SVP;（主语连系动词表语） My mother is a scientist. 我母亲是个科学家。主语 谓语 表语She looks young. 她看上去很年轻。主语 谓语 表语The food tastes very delicious. 这食物尝起来很香。主语 谓语 表语You were carelessI stayed awakeLiu Xiaoding is a good teacherAttitude is what a person thinks ab

20、out something. (P19) 4SVIODO;（主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语）例如：My mother bought me a dictionary yesterday. 我母亲昨天给我买了本字典。主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语After Hou Yi shot down the nine suns, a goddess gave him magic medicine to thank him. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语Will you tell us something about your school life? 你给我讲讲你们的学习生活，好吗？谓语 主语 谓语 间接宾

21、语 直接宾语She gave me a determined lookYou will tell your friend that youve got to go to class.（P1）5SVOOc;（主语及物动词宾语补语） 例如：We must keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我们必须保持教室干净、整洁。主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语My mother asks me to speak English as much as possible. 我母亲要求我尽可能多地讲英语。 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语I heard her singing happi

22、ly in the room just now. 刚才我听到她在房间里高兴地唱着歌。主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语总结：简单句五种基本句型巧记歌诀：英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。句型种类看动词，后接成分是关键。系词之后接表语，不及物后无需连。及物又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见。还有宾语补足语，各种搭配记心间。高考链接:初中经典题型与高中例题1. （初中）The book is _. Most of the teachers are _ in it. A. interesting；interested B. interesting；interestingC. interested；interesti

23、ng D. interested；interested（高中语法填空题）The book is _（interest）. Most of the teachers are _ （interest）in it. 2. （初中）I often have hamburgers for lunch. Youd better not. Its bad for you_ too much junk food. A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. ate （高中语法填空题）I often have hamburgers for lunch. Youd better not. Its

24、bad for you_ （eat）too much junk food.3. （初中）Tony wants _ a job as a language teacher in China. A. to find B. finding C. find D. finds（高中语法填空题）Tony wants _ （find）a job as a language teacher in China.4. （初中）Parents often ask us _ water in our life. A. save B. saving C. to save D. saves（高中语法填空题）Parents

25、 often ask us _ （save）water in our life.5. （初中）The assistant wont let you _ the cinema if you dont have a ticket. A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. enters（高中语法填空题）The assistant wont let you _（enter） the cinema if you dont have a ticket.（高中短文改错题）The assistant wont let you to enter the cinema if you

26、 dont have a ticket.第三部分：HomeworkExercises 1: 选出划线部分的成分1He often walks in the park. A.定语 B.状语 C.宾语 D.表语2He bought me a nice present last week. A.宾语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补3His parents are doctors.A.宾语 B.表语 C.谓语 D.定语4Ill get you some tea now.A.宾语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补5My mother told us an interesting story l

27、ast night.A.表语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补6He has read the book twice.A.主语 B.谓语 C.表语 D.宾语7They seemed unhappy when they heard the news.A.表语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.定语8Do you have something to eat ?A.状语 B.定语 C.宾语 D.宾补9We made him our monitor.A.宾语 B.定语 C. 状语 D.宾补Exercises 2: 指出下列句子的基本类型1Li Wen is a 15-year-old boy who wor

28、ks hard.2Many teenagers have hobbies.3Mr Wu teaches us English.4She showed her friends all her pictures.5The teacher made us recite the words.6. Liu Yu doesnt really agree. 7. My sister doesnt care about details.（P18）8. You will tell your friend that you are concerned about him/her9. Sometimes the river becomes a waterfall10. I saw her crossing the street.Exercises 3:请朗读以下句子，划分下列句子的成分，多关注划线部分。 1.She had hidden under her overcoat.（P5）2.The dark, rainy eveni