高中英语语法讲解素材名词性从句.docx

1、高中英语语法讲解素材名词性从句高中英语语法讲解名词性从句一、名词性从句的三类连词 名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句。根据这些从句的共同特性，名词性从句的连词主要可以分成三类：that, if/ whether和wh-(疑问词)。1如果一个陈述句被用来作为另一个句子的主语、表语、宾语或同位语，那么我们一般要用that作为连词。that本身在句子中没有意思，只起连接作用。 eg. 陈述句：Science is developing very fast. 主语从句：It is known to all that science is developing very fast.

2、表语从句：The fact is that science is developing very fast. 宾语从句：Everyone knows that science is developing very fast. 同位语从句：The fact that science is developing very fast is known to all.2如果一个一般疑问句被用来作为另一个句子的主语、表语、宾语或同位语，那么我们要用whether或if作为连词。whether/ if在句子中的意思是“是否”。变成名词性从句后，原来的疑问句的词序要改成陈述句的词序（主语+谓语）。 eg.

3、一般疑问句：Shall we have a meeting this afternoon? 主语从句：Whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon hasnt been decided yet. 或：It hasnt been decided yet whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon. 表语从句：The question is whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon. 宾语从句：Do you know whether we shall

4、 have a meeting this afternoon? 同位语从句：None of us can answer the question whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon. 注意：原来的疑问句词序在从句中都被改变成陈述句的词序，复合句的标点符号由主句的句型决定。3如果一个特殊疑问句被用来作为另一个句子主语、表语、宾语或同位语，那么我们就保留原来的疑问词作为连词，这些疑问词的意思也保留在从句中。变成名词性从句之后，原来的疑问句的词序要改成陈述句的词序（主语+谓语） eg. 特殊疑问句：Why did the water beco

5、me smelly? 主语从句：Why the water became smelly must be found out immediately. 表语从句：The problem is why the water became smelly. 宾语从句：Scientists are trying to find out why the water became smelly. 同位语从句：Scientists are trying to solve the problem why the water became smelly. 注意：跟由一般疑问句被用来作为名词性从句一样，特殊疑问句作名

6、词性从句时，原来的疑问句词序在从句中都要改变成陈述句的词序，复合句的标点符号也由主句的句型决定。 此外，还要注意，当特殊疑问句问的主语时，句子的词序就是陈述句的词序，如“Who helped you at that time?”“What happened to him later?”“Whats the matter with you?”“Whats wrong with the computer?”，所以这些句子如充当名词性从句时，词序就不用再变了。 eg. I dont know whats wrong with the computer.二、主语从句 eg. That she will

7、 go with us is certain. Whether hes coming doesnt matter too much. Who will do the work makes no difference. Is what he said really true? Its very clear that well win this time.1连接主语从句的连词that一般不能省略。2一般只能用whether，而不用if连接主语从句。3主语从句经常可以用it当形式主语，而把从句放到后面。4用whoever, whatever, whichever引导的主语从句，与who, what,

8、 which引导的从句的比较。 一般来讲，用who, what, which引导的主语从句中的who, what, which可以看作是原来特殊疑问句的疑问词，而whoever, whatever, whichever则不同，从句并不带疑问意义。试比较下面的例句： a) Who has been chosen this time is still not clear. Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine. b) What caused the extinction of the dinosaur greatly puzzled the zoologi

9、sts. Whatever has been decided today must be kept secret. c) Which of the products is the best is quite obvious after the test. Whichever of them comes in first will receive a prize. 请注意区分用whoever, whatever, whichever引导的名词性从句和状语从句，因为引导名词性从句的whoever, whatever, whichever，不能用no matter who, no matter wh

10、at, no matter which来替换。 cf. Whatever happened to them will never happen to us again.（主语从句） Whatever happens to him, he will keep on working.（状语从句）三、表语从句 eg. The trouble is that I have forgotten her telephone number. The question is whether it is worth doing. That is what I am worrying about.1连接表语从句的

11、连词that一般不省略。2一般只能用whether，而不用if连接表语从句。3表语从句有时也可以用as if, 或because引导。 eg. The girl looks as if she is going to cry. This is because everything that is worth doing is worth doing well. 注意，用because 引导表语从句，句子的注意一般是it, this, that等，如果用The reason作主语，那么后面的表语从句只能用that引导。 eg. The reason why he is absent today

12、is that he is ill.四、宾语从句 eg. They pretended that they knew how to weave the wonderful material. I dont know whether/ if he will attend the meeting. Please tell me where you bought this reference book.1连接宾语从句的连词that常省略。2可以用whether，也可以用if引导原本是一般疑问句的从句。但如果后面有or.或者or not，还是选用whether。3如果宾语从句后面还有宾语补足语，经常要

13、用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放到补语的后面。 eg. All his friends thought it strange that he should be absent from the opening ceremony. We have made it a rule that well clean our rooms every Saturday morning.4如果主句动词是过去时态，那么宾语从句中的时态要作相应的变化，特别是在间接引语中，除非从句中的内容是“真理”，那就不用变化，保持现在时态。 cf. He always thinks it is his duty to keep

14、 the house clean. He thought it was his duty to keep the house clean. The teacher told us that water is composed of oxygen and hydrogen.5主句动词是think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等的时候，宾语从句中的否定要转移到主句的动词上来。 eg. 我认为他不会来了。 I dont think he will come. 他的教练相信这次他不可能赢了。His coach didnt believe that he coul

15、d win this time. *又：I think, I believe, I suppose等后加了宾语从句的复合句要改成反意疑问句时，后边的反意疑问句就要与从句中的内容保持一致，而非“dont I?” eg. I think he will win, wont he? I dont suppose she will be happy, will she?6宾语从句也能用whoever, whatever, whichever引导，但是这些连词不能用no matter who等来替换。 eg. Give it to whoever wants it.Ill just say whatev

16、er comes into my mind. Just buy whichever is cheapest in the supermarket. whoever, whatever和whichever引导的宾语从句与who, what, which引导的宾语从句的主要区别与主语从句中的情况相同。 cf. A) I dont know who has won the prize. The prize will be given to whoever wins the competition. B) Im not quite sure what he wants to know. One sho

17、uld stick to whatever one has begun. C) I cant tell which is better between the two. You can take whichever you like.*7如果是suggest, order, insist, demand, request, advise, require, propose等动词引出的宾语从句，那么从句中的动词要用should +动词原形，should可以省略。 eg. The engineer suggested that the electronic device (should) be t

18、ested at once. He insisted that nothing (should) start till he arrived.五、同位语从句 eg. The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. He came to the decision that he must act at once. I still have my doubt whether the business will do well. No one can answer the question who first began to

19、use fire.1同位语从句经常跟在fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, order, problem, belief, doubt, fear, question, problem等名词之后，用来表明具体的内容。2同位语从句与定语从句的区别： cf. A) The information that the film star is seriously ill is not reliable.（同位语从句） The information that you got from the internet is

20、not reliable. （定语从句） B) The news that she told me is too good to believe. （定语从句） The news that I have been admitted into the university is too good to believe. (同位语从句)*3在suggestion, order, proposal, request, requirement等名词后面的同位语从句中的动词，要用should +动词原形，或省略should直接用动词原形。 eg. He gave order that the work

21、(should) be started at once. They rejected my suggestion that we (should) hire an advertising company.考研真题试析：Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as选B。本题考连词。事实上that后面所引导的是一个同位语从句，是句首名词information的同位语，讲述了inform

22、ation的具体内容。一般同位语从句的位置是在名词之后，但在本句中，因为句子的主语部分太长，而谓语部分又较短，为了句子的平衡，就把同位语从句放到最后了。Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO isnot ever. A. that B. which C. of which D. what选A。that是连词，引导同位语从句，是名词feeling的同位语，说明feeling的内容。that只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分。_ be sent to work there? A. Who do you suggest B. Who

23、do you suggest that should C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should选A。本题考动词suggest所跟的宾语从句。我们都知道，在suggest后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用should +动词原形（should可以省略）。本句suggest后面宾语从句中谓语动词中的should被省略了。此外，本句无需再用连词，因为当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，疑问词本身就是连词。Perseverance is a kind of qualityand thats _ it takes to do anything

24、 well. A. what B. that C. which D. why选A。本句中的what引导表语从句，并在从句中作takes的宾语，而其他三个选项都不能作从句中takes的宾语。It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. what D. how选C。本题考主语从句的连词。这是一个用what引导的主语从句，what在从句中还担当主语。而其他三个选项虽然都可以引导主语从句，但都不能充当主语。所以选

25、C。There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _. A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving选A。本题考了两个语言点，一是同位语从句，二是need一词的用法。第一空格用that引导的从句，作名词problem的同位语，说明到底是什么问题（即“路况需要改善这个问题”）。而need作为实义动词，可以跟不定式或动名词作宾语（虽然用法略

26、有不同）。仅就第二格而言， to be improved和improving都是正确的。After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. A. where B. what C. that D. how选B。本题考名词性从句。由what引导的是主语从句，what是连词，同时还充当从句中谓语动词desire to do的宾语。其他选项都不能担任宾语成分。A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing

27、 more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. A. when B. where C. what D. that选D。本题考同位语从句。因为本句的主语部分太长，而谓语部分又太短，所以同位语就放到了句子的后面。that引导的从句作a story的同位语，说明故事的内容。_ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. A. What is required B.

28、What requires C. It is required D. It requires 选C。本题考主语从句。在此句中，it是形式主语，真实主语是that引导的主语从句。而“不告诉别人你的电子账户的密码”与require是动宾关系，所以用C。One advantage of playing the guitar is _ it can give you a great deal of pleasure. A. how B. why C. that D. when选C。本题考系动词is后的表语从句。因为从句的句意完整，所以并不用其他连词，只用that就可以了。He spoke proudl

29、y of his part in the game, without mentioning _ his teammates had done. A. what B. which C. why D. while选A。连词what引导的是宾语从句，同时还充当从句动词had done的宾语。_ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general readers. A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where选B。本题考主语从句。What是连接主语从句的连词，同时还充当从句动词referred to的宾语。整个句子的意思是：他在文章中所指的东西，一般的读者是不知道的。“The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. A. when B. why C. whether D. that选D。that引导的是表语从句，因为根据上下文判断，这个表语从句应该原本是一个陈述句，而非疑问句，所以只有用that连接。