最新全国考研英语二翻译模拟打印版doc.docx

1、最新全国考研英语二翻译模拟打印版doc考研英语二翻译模拟1 What Is a Decision?A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals

2、 or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them. 决策是一种选择，来自可以获得的、任择其一的行动步骤。作决策的意图是要确立和实现机构的目标和目的。作决策的原因是有问题存在、目标和目的不正确、或者有某种东西妨碍目标或目的的实现。Thus the decision-making process is fundamental to management. Almost everything a manager does involves decisions, and indeed,

3、 some suggest that the management process is decision making. Although managers cannot predict the future, many of their decisions require that they consider possible future events. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance, but

4、 since uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions . Sometimes the consequence s of a poor decision are slight; at other times they are serious. 因此，作决策的过程对管理人员来说至关重要。管理者所做的每件事几乎都与决策有关， 事实上，有些人认为管理过程就是作决策。尽管管理者不能预测未来，但他们所作的许多决策都要求他们考虑将来可能发生的事情。通常情况下，管理者必须对未来情况作出最佳估测，并且 努力要使偶然事件尽可能少地发生，但是，

5、由于不确定的因素一直存在，所以，决策总是与风险为伴。有时候，拙劣决策的后果并不严重，但在另外一些时候则是非常严重了。Choice is the opportunity to select among alternatives. If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made. Decision making is the process of choosing, and many decisions have a broad range of choice. For example, a student may be able to

6、 choose among a number of different courses in order to implement the decision to obtain a college degree. For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like. These constraints exist at all levels of the organization. 选择是指从多个可能性中挑选的机会。如果没有选择，就毋

7、须作决策。作决策就是挑选的过程， 许多决策的选择范围很广。例如，一个学生为了获得学位，他可能会从许多不同的课程中选择从而作出决策。对管理者来说，每项决策都受到基于政策、程序、法律、惯例等等因素的制约， 这些制约存在于各个层次的机构中。2 Black Holes What is a black hole? Well, its difficult to answer this question, since the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here. Astrono

8、mers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing) into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape not even light. So we cant see a black hole. A black hole exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter. It is only space or so we think. How ca

9、n this happen? 黑洞是什么？这个问题很难回答，因为我们通常用来描述某一科学现象的术语不足以回答这个问题。天文学家和科学家都认为黑洞是一个太空区域（不是一种事物），落人其中的任何物质都无法逃逸甚至包括光。所以我们看不见黑洞。一个黑洞能产生强大的吸力，但它却没有物质。它只是空间或许是我们这么想的。这种现象是怎样发生的呢？The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point; they collapse and sometimes a supernova（超新星）

10、occurs. From earth, a supernova looks like a very bright light in the sky which shines even in the daytime. Supernova were reported by astronomers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Some people think that the Star of Bethlehem could have been a supernova. The collapse of a star may produce

11、 a White Dwarf or a neutron star a star, whose matter is so dense that it continually shrinks by the force of its own gravity. But if the star is very large (much bigger than our sun) this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results. Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a ma

12、rble, but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole . Any matter near the black hole is sucked in. It is impossible to say what happens inside a black hole. Scientists have called the boundary area around the hole the event hori

13、zon. We know nothing about events which happen once object s pass this boundary. But in theory, matter must behave very differently inside the hole. 从理论论来说，当某些恒星的密度增大到某种程度时就会发生爆炸，爆炸使它们崩溃，有时会产生超新星。从地球上看，一颗超新星看上去像是天空中的一盏明灯，甚至在白天也闪闪发光。超新星是由十七、十八世纪的天文学家发现的。有人认为圣诞星可能是一颗超新星。一颗超新星的崩溃可能会产生白矮星或中子星，其物资的密度非常大以

14、至于在其自身重力的作用下持续收缩。但是，假如这颗恒星非常大（比我们的太阳大得多），那么，这种收缩的过程可能会非常强烈，其结果导致了黑洞的产生。想像一下地球收缩小到有弹球那么大，但仍具有同样的质量和更强的吸力，你就会对黑洞的力量有某种概念。靠近黑洞的任何物质都会被吸入，根本说不出黑洞里究竟发生了什么、科学家把黑洞的边缘区域称为“事界”。对物质通过这个界线时发生的情况我们一无所知。从理论上来说，黑洞里面物质的表现一定是不大相同的。3 Euthanasia: For and AgainstThe Netherlands is the only country in Europe which perm

15、its euthanasia, although it is not technically legal there. However, doctors who carry out euthanasia under strict guidelines introduced by the Dutch Parliament two years ago are usually not prosecuted. The guideline s demand that the patient is experiencing extreme suffering , that there is no chan

16、ce of a cure, and that the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia . In addition to this, a second doctor must confirm that these criteria have been met and the death must be reported to the police department. 尽管安乐死在荷兰并未合法化，但荷兰仍然是欧洲惟一允许安乐死的国家。两年前在荷兰议会制定的严格标准下实施安乐死的医生通常不会被起诉。这此指导原则要求：病人正在经受

17、极度的痛苦；没有治愈的机会；病人一再提出安乐死的请求。除此之外，还需有另外一位医生确认是否已达到安乐死的标准，而且，必须向警方提出死亡报告。Should doctors be allowed to take the lives of others? Dr, Wilfred van Oijen, Cees van Wendels doctor, explains how he looks at the question: Well, its not as if Im planning to murder a crowd of people with a machine gun. In that

18、case, killing is the worst thing 1 can imagine. But thats entirely different from my work as a doctor. I care for people and I try to ensure that they dont suffer too much. Thats a very different thing. 是不是应该允许医生结束病人的生命呢？齐思范万尔德的医生威尔费雷德范奥仁博上解释了对这个问题的看法： “情况并不像我计划用机关枪屠杀一大群人似的，倘若那样，屠杀是我所能想像到的最坏的事情，这与我的

19、医生职业风马牛不相及。我关怀病人并努力使他们不至于遭受太多的痛苦。这完全是两码事。” Many people, though, are totally against the practice of euthanasia, Dr. Andrew Ferguson, Chairman of the organization Healthcare Opposed to Euthanasia, says that in the vast majority of euthanasia cases, what the patient is actually asking for is something

20、 else. They may want a health professional to open up communication for them with their loved ones or family theres nearly always another question behind the question. 然而，许多人完全反对安乐死。反对安乐死保健组织主席安德鲁福格森博士说：“在大量安乐死的病例中，病人实际所要求的是别的东西。他们或许是想要保健专业人员为他们打开与亲人或家人开展思想交流的渠道可能请求之后另有他求”。4 Slavery on Our Doorstep

21、There are estimate d to be more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain (the exact figure is not known because the Home Office, the Government department that deals with this, does not keep statistics). Usually, they have been brought over by foreign businessmen, diplomats or Brito

22、ns returning from abroad. Of these 20,000, just under 2,000 are being exploited and abused by their employers, according to a London-based campaigning group which helps overseas servants working in Britain. 据统计，在美国工作的外籍家庭佣人有两万多人（由于处理该项事务的政府部门内政部没有做过统计，精确数字不得而知）。通常，他们是由外国商人、外交官员和归国英侨带来的。根据设在伦敦的帮助在伦敦工

23、作的外籍家庭佣人的政治组织说，在两万多外籍家庭佣人中几乎有2000人正遭受雇主的剥削和虐待。 The abuse can take several forms. Often the domestics are not allowed to go out, and they do not receive any payment . They can be physically , sexually and psychologically abused. And they can have their passports removed, making leaving or escaping vi

24、rtually impossible. 虐待有几种形式家庭佣人常常不允许外出，又得不到任何报酬。他们在身体上、性和心理上遭受凌辱。他们还会被收去护照，使得出走或“逃跑”根本不可能。 The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicise d cases. In one of them, a Filipino maid was executed in Singapore a

25、fter being convicted of murder, despite protests from various quarter s that her guilt had not been adequately established. Groups like Anti-Slavery International say other, less dramatic, cases are equally deserving of attention, such as that of Lydia Garcia, a Filipino maid working in London: 今年年初

26、，几个透明度颇高的案例中有关世界各地的家庭女佣的悲惨状况受到新闻媒体的关注。其中一个案例是讲一位菲律宾女佣因被指控犯有谋杀罪在新加坡被处死，尽管有来自各地的抗议认为她的罪名不足以成立。诸如“反对奴隶制国际组织”之类的团体说，一些不那么戏剧化的其他案例也应同样受到人们的关注，比如莉迪亚加西亚，一位在伦敦工作的菲律宾女佣的案例。 5 Music The new music was built out of materials already in existence: blues, rocknroll, folk music. But although the forms remained, so

27、mething completely new and original was made out of these older element s more original, perhaps, than even the new musicians themselves yet realize. The transformation took place in 1966- 1967. Up to that time, the blues had been an essentially black medium . Rocknroll, a blues derivative, was rhyt

28、hmic dance music. Folk music, old and modern, was popular among college students. The three forms remained musically and culturally distinct, and even as late as 1965, none of them were expressing any radically new states of consciousness. Blues expressed black soul; rock was the beat of youthful en

29、ergy; and folk music expressed anti-war sentiments as well as love and hope. 新音乐是从已有的音乐：布鲁斯，摇滚乐，民间音乐中产生的。虽然新音乐保留了原有的形式，但某些全新的、独创性的东西从旧的成分中脱颖而出的它们也许比新音乐家意识到的还要更富有独创性。这个变革发生在1966-1967年间。那个时候以前，布鲁斯基本上一直是黑人的音乐表达方式。由它衍生出的摇滚乐是节奏性很强的舞蹈音乐。而民间音乐，既有古老又有现代的，在大学生中颇为流行。这三种音乐形式在音乐和文化方而都各不相同，甚至直到1965年，它们中任何一个都没有表达

30、任何全新的意识境界。布鲁斯表现黑人的心灵，摇滚是年轻活力的节拍，民乐除表现爱情与希望外，还表现反战情绪。 In 1966-1967 there was spontaneous transformation. In the United States, it originated with youthful rock groups playing in San Francisco. In England, it was led by the Beatles, who were already established as an extremely fine and highly individu

31、al rock group What happened, as well as it can be put into words, was this. First the separate musical traditions were brought together. Bob Dylan and the Jefferson Airplane played folk rock, folk ideas with a rock beat White rock groups began experimenting with the blues. Of course, white musicians

32、 had always played the blues, but essentially as imitators of the Negro style; now it began to be the white band s own music. And all of the groups moved towards a broader eclecticism and synthesis. They freely took over elements from jazz, from America country music, and as time went on from even more diverse sources What developed was a music readily taking on various forms and capable of an almost limitless range of expression. 自发的变革出现在1966年到1967年间。在美国，旧金山的年轻摇滚乐队发起了这场变革；在英国，被公认是极其完美和非常独特的披头士摇滚乐队领导了这股新潮流。所发生的情况，如用言词尽可能地表