常用介词短语总结.docx

1、常用介词短语总结常用介词短语总结一、近义介词短语辨析 1. 表示原因(通常在句中作状语) 1) because of:表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系) 2) on account of:常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素 3) out of + 抽象名词:常用来引述心理、情感因素,如out of ones own will(出于自愿) 4) owing / due to:着重把原因归于某事物,既可作状语又可作定语,due to还可以作后置定语,如:Mistakes due to carelessness may cause serious consequence. 由于粗心犯的错误也许会引起

2、严重的后果。 5) thanks to:后面通常接表示积极意义的原因,意为多亏,幸亏由于。例句: He walked slowly because of his bad leg. 他腿不好,所以走得很慢。 Michel and Billy, on account of their wide experiences in climbing, were voted leaders. 迈克尔与贝利由于有丰富的登山经验,被选为队长。 She did it out of sympathy. 她这样做是出于同情。 Most of the problems were owing/due to human e

3、rrors. 大部分问题都是由于人为的错误造成的。 Thanks to your energy and intelligence, the development scheme has been finally realized. 多亏了你的精力和智慧,这项发展计划终于实现了。 2. 表示排除 1) with the exception of意义与except, except for相同,但比它们正式 2) apart from (=美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词,既可表示除之外,相当于except (for), 又可以表示除之外,(还,也)相当于besides。例句: The

4、y all passed the physics examination with the exception of Tom. 除汤姆外他们物理考试都及格了。 We had a smooth journey apart from(= except for) a flat tyre. 我们一路上很顺利,只是车胎漏了一次气。 Apart from(= besides) a flat tyre, we had broken brakes. 我们不但车胎漏了气,而且刹车也出了毛病。 3. 表示有关,关于4. 1) 表示关于的介词:concerning(较为正式),respecting(关于,至于),r

5、egarding(关于,就而论,在方面)等 5. He quarreled with his neighbor concerning the house. 他因房子问题和邻居发生了争吵。 6. Im at a loss respecting his whereabouts. 我全然不知道他的踪迹。 7. Regarding the punishment, what would you advise 8. 就这种处罚来说,你有什么意见 9. 2)表示关于的介词短语:with respect to(关于,就而言)；in respect of(就而论,在方面)；in / with regard to

6、, in / with reference to, in connection with也都表示(正式用语)关于,有关；as for和as to在用于句首表示至于时区别不大,可以互相通用,但as to表示关于时不能和as for互换,相当于about和concerning。4. 表示在之前 1) ahead of意为in advance of,可表示(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前,更早；还可表示领先,优于 2) in front of 多指空间的前后关系,在正前方 3) prior to(正式用语)指时间与重要性方面在之前 4) previous to指时间与顺序上在前 5) prepa

7、ratory to意为in readiness for, as a preparation for, 为做准备而在之前 6) on the eve of 在前夕,如:on the eve of our examination / victory 在我们考试/胜利的前夕例句: 5. 表示支持,赞成 1) in support of 维护,支持,支援 Mr. Smith spoke in support of the motion. 史密斯先生发言支持这项提议。 2) in favor of 可指某人支持,赞成,也可指事物有利于 Are you in favor of the proposal 你

8、赞成此建议吗The exchange rate is in our favor. 兑换率有利于我们。 6. 表示鉴于,由于；根据,按照 1)in the light of 按照,考虑到 He rewrote the book in the light of further research. 考虑到进一步的研究,他重写了那部书。 2)in terms of 就而言,谈到 The job is great in terms of salary, but it has its disadvantages. 就薪水而言,这是份好工作。但它也有不足之处。 3)on the grounds of; on

9、 . grounds 以为理由/根据 Their request for a permission to open a mine was denied on environmental grounds. 基于对环境问题的考虑,他们开矿的请求没有被许可。4)in accordance with 与一致,书面语 5)according to 根据；按照A diplomat must act according to circumstances. 外交官必须会随机应变。(二)形近义异介词短语辨析 1. all but 几乎,差一点(almost)；除了都(all except) anything b

10、ut单单除之外；根本不 nothing but 仅仅,只不过(only, no more than) I all but stumbled. 我差一点摔跤。 I will eat anything but carrot. 我什么都吃,就是不吃胡萝卜。 He is anything but clever. 他根本不聪明。 The fellow is nothing but a fool. 那家伙不过是个傻瓜而已。 2. at a time 每次,一次 at one time曾经,一度(once)； 同时(at the same time; simultaneously)He used to ab

11、andon his work for many months at a time. 他过去常常把工作一丢就是好几个月。 At one time she was the chairman of the board. 她曾担任董事会主席。 He was the chairman of the board and at one time he was also the president of the company. 他同时担任董事会主席和公司总裁。 3. at no time决不,从不(never; on no occasion) in no time立即,马上(in a very brief

12、time) At no time did I feel they were being unreasonable. 我从没觉得他们不讲理。 Well be there in no time.我们很快就会到那儿。 4. for the moment暂时(as far as the present time is concerned, although perhaps not later) at the moment此刻,现在(at present time; now) in a moment很快,一会儿(very soon) For the moment we are content to wa

13、tch and wait.目前我们甘心在一旁观察和等待。(暗含以后不甘于这样的意味) Im busy at the moment, but Ill do it later. 这会儿我很忙,过后我会处理这件事的。 I am on the telephone now, but I will be with you in a moment. 我正打电话,一会儿就到你那儿去。 5. at present目前,现在(at the present time or moment; now) for the present暂时,暂且(temporarily)；就目前而言(as far as the prese

14、nt time is concerned意指某一情形目前存在着,但很可能会发生变化) We dont know at present who will win the election.现在我们还不知道谁将在选举中获胜。 For the present she continues with the antibiotics. 目前她还是继续使用抗生素。 6. out of question毫无疑问(without doubt; doubtless),作表语 out of the question不可能的(not to be thought of as possible; not to be do

15、ne),也作表语 without question毫无疑问,毫无疑义(without arguing or asking why it is necessary),作状语 The sabotage is out of question a fresh blow to international peace efforts. 那次阴谋破坏无疑对国际和平努力又是一个新的打击。 She knew that a holiday was out of the question this year.她知道今年不可能有假期。 Without question he is the brightest stud

16、ent in the school. 毫无疑问,他是全校最聪明的学生。 7. for oneself为自己 to oneself 归于自己 of oneself 由自己构成,出于自动 in oneself在自身境界中,在自身属性中 by oneself 自动地,单独地 8. on the contrary表示完全不赞同某一说法并提出与该说法正相反,恰恰相反的事实 by / in contrast用于表示两个极不相同的事实之间的明显差异,意为与此形成对照；相比之下 Does it rain a lot in the desert 沙漠里下雨多吗 On the contrary, it hardl

17、y ever rains. 恰恰相反,那儿几乎从不下雨。 By/In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously. 相比之下,我们的石油用量增长巨大。 9. at the cost of 以(某物)为代价,以牺牲某人的生命为代价 at the expense of由支付费用,以(损害或损失)为代价 He saved the girl from drowning at the cost of his own life. 他舍身把溺水的姑娘救出来。 His successful career was at the expense of his

18、 social life. 他成功的职业生涯是以牺牲社交生活为代价的。 10. in the face of 面对,纵然遭遇(困难、问题等)而 in the presence of / in ones presence 某人在场的情况下,当着某人的面 in front of也可表示当着某人的面 介词与其他词类的固定搭配介词常常和形容词、名词、动词等构成固定搭配，以表示固定的意义。(1).形容词与介词的固定搭配:形容词与介词的固定搭配1 形容词+aboutAngry with对生气 anxious about担心 calm about对很平静care bout小心careless about粗心

19、 certain about对有把握curious about对好奇sure about确信doubtful about对怀疑enthusiastic about对热情的；热心的hopeful about对抱希望frank about对坦白的；坦率的incredulous about对不相信2 形容词+atclever at擅长于expert at对熟练的good at擅长于indignant at对愤慨的quick at做敏捷slow at 对反应慢surprised at对吃惊3 形容词+foranxious for渴望的eligible for有资格的famous for因而著名fit

20、for对某人适宜hungry for对渴望late for迟到possible for可能qualified for有资格的ready for准备好responsible for对负责necessary for为所必需4 形容词+fromabsent from缺席free from使摆脱prohibited from禁止某事物safe from安全detached from分开某物different from与不同5 形容词+inabsorbed in专心于disappointed in对失望experienced in有经验expert in 在熟练fortunate in有幸interes

21、ted in对感兴趣rich in富于；盛产successful in在成功6 形容词+ ofafraid of害怕ashamed of羞耻aware of知道certain of确信fond of喜爱guilty of有罪的proud of骄傲short of缺乏sick of厌烦tired of厌倦worthy of值得7 形容词+tocontrary to与相反 determined to有决心的 equal to等于familiar to为所熟悉 favorable to对有利 harmful to有害的inclined to准备做某事 indifferent to对不在乎 simil

22、ar to相似；相同8 形容词+withangry with对感到恼火 annoyed at对烦恼 busy with忙于crowded with拥挤 familiar with精通；熟悉 friendly with与友好nervouse with对感到紧张 patient with对有耐心 popularwith受欢迎satified with对满意9 形容词+ondependent on依靠intend on坚决；专心 keen on热衷于某事物 severe on严格的(2). 名词与介词的固定搭配:(3)1 介词+名词。如：(4)at the cinema在电影院 at univers

23、ity上大学 frompoint of view从某人的角度for the sake of为了 in poerty 在穷困中 in earnest有决心的on sale在出售on the average平均的 on the contrary相反地on the radio 通过收音机 to some extent某种程度to onessurprise让某人吃惊 to onesdelight让某人高兴2 名词+介词。如：dependence on依靠independence on不依靠discussion about/on关于的讨论hundres on数以百计的thousands of成千上万的i

24、nfluence on对的影响explanationof/for对的解释half of的一半the idea of的主意lack of缺乏proof of的证据reason of的原因Responsibility for对的责任success in/at在成功(3). 动词与介词的固定搭配:1 动词+介词 1 跟介词“of的搭配assure sb. of sth 向(某人)保证(某事) convince sbof sth 使(某人)信服(某事)be sure of sth 相信，确信 persuade sbof sth 劝说(某人)相信某事be aware of sth 意识到 be cons

25、cious of sth. 意识到inform sbof sth 告诉；通知 warn sbof sth. 警告remind sb. of sth 提醒 suspect sbof sth 怀疑rob sb. of sth 抢劫；掠夺 cheat sbof sth 骗取，诈取accuse sbof sth 指控 relieve sbof sth 解除，缓解cure sbof (illness) 治愈 consist of 组成be made up of 组成 be composed of 组成be fond of 喜欢 be short of 缺少be tired of 厌倦 be ignora

26、nt of 无知；不知道be proud of 以为豪 be full of 充满be considerate of 体谅；考虑周到 boast of 夸耀approve of 同意；批准 repent of 后悔take advantage of 利用 take account of 考虑make fun of 取笑(某人) make a fuss of 对大惊小怪；小题大作2 跟介词“to”的搭配object to 反对 oppose to 反对 adhere to 坚持 tick to 坚持fasten to 拴在 be chained to 依附；捆在 cling to 依附，坚持 r

27、eply to 回答；答复 respond to 答复；响应 confess to 承认confine sth. to sth. 限制；禁闭 consent to 同意；答应 submit to 服从；屈服 be subject to 易受影响，隶属 be prior to 在前的；居头的 prefer to 宁愿；喜欢previous to 在以前 refer to 涉及；谈到；查阅 apply to 适用于 attach sth. to sth. 缚; be attached to sb. 依恋(某人)； attribute to 归功于contribute to捐款；贡献 resort

28、to采用(手段)等 appeal to呼吁，要求，投合 所好 owe . to 归功于 look forward to 期望；盼望 hang on to 紧紧握住be subsequent to 后于 be loyal to 忠诚于 be partial to 对.偏爱 be sensitive to 对.敏感 be similar to和.相似 be superior to 优于 be inferior to 劣于 be vital to 对重要 be alert to 警觉 be adequate to （对而言）足够，适当be contrary to 与相反 be familiar to

29、 熟悉be indifferent to 漠不关心；冷漠 be reduced to 使陷入，沦为be close to 接近于 be up to （a certain job） 胜任；适合于be immune to 免疫 appoint sbto (a certain position) 任命commit sbto sth.使某人承担义务 entitle sbto sth.给某人权利； entitle sth.给起名accommodate oneself to 使.适应 adjust oneself to 使适应；调整accustom oneself to 习惯于 dedicate ones

30、elf to 献身于 devote oneself to 献身于 expose oneself to使暴露；使面临 restrict oneself to限制 resign oneself to顺从于；甘心于limit oneself to 限制 commit oneself to 献身于3 跟介词from”的搭配 tell . from 区分；辨别 distinguishfrom 区分；辨别separate . from 分；分开 originate from 来源于arise from 由而产生； derive from 起源；由来 result from 由而产生 prevent sb. from 防止prohibit sb. from 禁止；阻止 deter sb. from 阻止；吓住hinder . from 阻止 dissuade sb. from 劝说，protect .