高中英语答题技巧短文改错写作.docx

1、高中英语答题技巧短文改错写作高中英语短文改错技巧一、短文改错常见错误类型1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有 一般现在时与一般过去时错用； and 前后动词时态不一致; 主谓不一致; 缺少动词,特别是be动词; 第三人称单数形式错用; 主动语态和被动语态错用。*They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies.（did 改为do，错误类型属于 ）*As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys,

2、 visiting temples and told stories. (visiting 改为 visited错误类型属于)*There will an important game next month.(will后加be错误类型属于)*One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out.( 主谓不一致)2. 名词的常见错误单复数名词错用；注意区分名词是可数还是不可数；或根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。* Ill get good marks in all my subject.（su

3、bject 改为subjects）*Their word were a great encouragement to me.（word 改为words）*Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.（knowledges改为knowledge）3. 连词错误连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/ or/but等（一般考查从句关系 who/ whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether ）*I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei. (

4、错用了who的所有格形式，改为whose)*I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折，but改为 and)*Clever as she is, but she works very hard.（as意为“尽管”，不能再跟but连用，所以去掉but）4. 冠词错误误用a和an（根据单词的第一个音素来判定）；误用a 和the（固定搭配，或泛指、特指；多余的冠词或少冠词）*We may be one family and live under a same roof. (a 改为the， the s

5、ame 是固定搭配)*As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants.（mountain是可数名词需用冠词，所以加 a ）*I hope you have pleasant journey.（journey是可数名词需用冠词，所以加 a）5. 形容词和副词错误 系动词后用形容词（be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词 smell /feel） 词性的误用：形容词修饰名词；副词修饰动词、形容词。 *Im sure well have a wonderfully time toget

6、her. （time是名词 所以要用形容词wonderful修饰）*My pronunciation was terribly.（was后用形容词，terribly改为terrible.）6. 代词错误 代词的主格和宾格（I / me; He/him; She/ her; We/ us ;They/ them ） 反身代词（myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves） 代词的单数和复数 多余的代词和少代词*Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learni

7、ng to express me in simple English. (express oneself, me 改为 myself )*One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. (加it)*If any one of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out.(other后加s)*Whats more , you have to be friends with your pupils and take good ca

8、re of him.(him改为them)7. 非谓语动词的常见错误 不定式，动名词作主语，宾语。 and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时）， 介词后用动名词v-ing形式作宾语。 某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。*Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was. (enjoy 后需接动名词 talk-talking)*But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(作主语，改为 going )*Children ma

9、y not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves.( 介词后用动名词v-ing形式作宾语)*I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees.( and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时），saw改为seeing)8. 介词错误 词组中的介词误用 介词意思理解偏差 介词的多用或少用*There are too m

10、any people among my family. （among 改为in，in my family 为固定搭配）*I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. （去掉 at, the moment 引导从句）二、短文改错解题思路和检查原则 句中各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有动词； 谓语动词的时态、语态； 非谓语动词的用法； 名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确； 定冠词和不定冠词是否正确； 代词的格和性的使用是否有误； 定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误； 并列句中的并列连词

11、、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。三、短文改错解题四原则 改动以最少为原则 虚词以添加或删除为原则 （介词、冠词、连词、助词） 实词以改变词形为原则（名词、代词、形容词、数词、动词、副词） 以保持句子原意为原则 四、短文改错解题步骤 通读全文，掌握大意 整句分析，逐行推敲 反复通读，复查验证五、解题注意要点和能力培养 核对错项时，若的确有一时难以改出的地方。可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“181”比例。即多一词1个，缺词1个，错词8个。 核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。因为短文改错往往覆盖面广，一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。 核对答题符号是否规范，位置是否准确，看看有无遗漏符号，忽略字

12、母大写和拼写等问题。高中英语写作技巧书面表达在评阅时遵循三原则语言第一位（语言高级）内容第二位（要点齐全）结构第三位（文章分段）语言第一位（语言高级）一、高级词汇和句式1.词汇使用的原则（1）词组优先原则原文A new railway is being built in my hometown.修正A new railway is under construction in my hometown.（2）地道原则原文Through traveling, I learned a lot of knowledge.修正Through traveling, I gainedobtained a lo

13、t of knowledge.（3）避免重复原则原文I like reading while my brother likes watching television.修正I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.（4）后、高、长原则后学到、较高级、较长词汇原 词 替换词hard diligentlyvery rather extremelypay attention to attach importance tohappy delighted enjoyablemore and more the increasing

14、 number of2.使用较丰富的句式定语从句名词性从句非谓语动词with复合结构常用谚语倒装句强调句被动句例句他昨天下午来的。He came here yesterday afternoon.He didnt come here until yesterday afternoon.Not until yesterday afternoon did he come here.It was yesterday afternoon that he came here.（1）将两个简单句合并为并列句一般If you go through the gate, youll find the entra

15、nce to Bear Country. 高级Go through the gate, and youll find the entrance to Bear Country. （2）主动句与被动句的互换一般People suggest that the conference be put off. 高级it is suggested that the conference be put off. （3）将陈述句改为感叹句一般To prevent the pollution is very important高级How important it is to prevent the pollut

16、ion!（4）将陈述句改为倒装句一般Though Im weak, I will make the effort. 高级Weak as I am, Ill make the effort. （5）将简单句改为强调句一般Smoking did great harm to his health.高级It was smoking that did great harm to his health.（6）将两个简单句合并为复合句同位语和同位语从句（常用于描述人物、地点等介绍性文段）一般The word is true. The president will give our school a spee

17、ch.高级It is true that the president will give our school a speech.定语从句 （限制性/ 非限制性）一般The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing, and its slogan is One World, One Dream, 高级The 2008 Olympic Games, Whose slogan is One World, One Dream ,will be held in BJ. .主语从句一般His wonderful performance on the stage

18、 impressed me.高级What impressed me most was his wonderful performance on the stage.推荐句型What surprisesastonishedsatisfiedimpressed me is thatWhat I would like to suggest advise put forward is thatWhat matters most is that What I learnconclude from the story is that表语从句My hometown is no longer what it

19、used to be.推荐句型 is no longer what it used to be.状语从句No matter how many difficulties there are ahead of us,we should learn to overcome them independently.推荐句型结果、程度:sothat ; such that让步:no matter how what when where.=whatever, however, whenever, wherever时间:was doingwhen 将两个简单句合并为一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句一般M

20、any boys learn to smoke. It does harm to their health.高级Many boys learn to smoke,which does harm to their health.It作形式主语或形式宾语句型一般You pretend to know what you dont know. Its no good. 高级Its no good pretending to know what you dont know.分词结构代替状语/定语从句一般If you work harder, you will do better in the exam

21、next time.高级 Working hard,you will do better in the exam next time.with 引导的短语或者复合结构This area covers an area of 2000 square kilometers,with a population of 100,000. 常用句型With + 宾语+ adj./ adv./介词短语/to do/doing/done3.高级句式使用的原则 （1）肯定不如双否好一般The postman comes on time every day. 高级The postman never fails to

22、 come on time.（2）陈述不如倒装妙Only的倒装句Only when we realize the importance of environmental protection can we solve the problem of pollution. 地点状语开头On the bank stand some flowers.As句型Diligent as he was, he failed in passing the exam.否定词开头By no means should teenagers get into the habit of smoking.（3）主动不如被动巧

23、一般We can borrow five books at most, and we can keep them for ten days.高级At most five books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for ten days.（4）从句不如分词傲一般The young man couldnt help crying when he heard the bad news.高级Hearing the bad news, the young man couldnt help crying.二、修辞手法三、有效的连词1.根据衔

24、接词本身在文章中起到的作用，主要分为以下四类，即“起”、“承”、“转”、“合”。（1）表示“起”的词/词组：用于开篇引出扩展句。at first/ in the beginning 起初first/ firstly/ first of all 第一in the first place 首先；第一to begin with/ to start with 首先; 第一for one thing for another/ also 首先其次on the one hand on the other hand 一方面 另一方面generally speaking 一般地说in general 一般来说o

25、n the whole 总的说来As the saying goes, . 俗话说, It is well understood that 众所周知There goes a saying that .据说at present现在; 当今presently此刻; 现在now 现在currently 目前；最后recently/ lately最近 （2）有关“承”的常用词语：用来承接上文。after/after that/afterwards 此后 after a few days 几天以后after a while 过了一会儿soon 不久later 后来from now on 从此at the

26、 same time 同时Meanwhile 与此同时by this time 此时also/too 并且；又 moreover 而且，此外what is more 而且；此外Beside/Besides 此外 in addition 此外in addition to 除之外for another 其次Second/secondly 第二；第二点Third/thirdly 第三；第三点for example 例如for instance 例如for this purpose 为了这个目的in fact 事实上 in the same way 同样地 in particular 特别（地）Par

27、ticularly 特别地in other words 换句话说by the way 顺便提一句Still 仍然then 然后indeed 的确 no doubt 无疑地 obviously 明显地 certainly 无疑地；当然地 of course 当然 such as 正如therefore 因此；结果so 所以similarly 同样地unlike 不像；和不同（3）有关“转”的常用词语：用来表示不同或相反的意见。 fortunately 幸运地luckily 幸运地unfortunately 不幸地after all 毕竟all the same 依然；照样 However 然而；

28、无论如何anyway 无论如何 in spite of 尽管；虽然though/although 尽管but 但是at the same time 同时；然而 by this time 此时no doubt 无疑地in fact 事实上as a matter of fact 事实上in/by contrast 对比之下 on the contrary 相反地even though 即使 otherwise 否则still 仍然 Yet 仍；然而；但是unlike 不像；和不同especially 特别地 （4）有关“合”的常用词语：用于小结上文或结束本段落的内容。above all 最重要的是

29、in sum 总之，简而言之in summary 简要地说briefly 简单扼要地in brief 简言之in short 简而言之to sum up 总而言之to conclude 总而言之in conclusion 总之，最后in a word 总之all in all 总之as has been noted 如前所述 as I have said 如我所述 on the whole 总体来说；整个看来to speak frankly 坦白地说eventually 最后at last 最后finally 最后as a result 结果 therefore 因此Thus 因此by doi

30、ng so 如此so 所以accordingly 于是Surely 无疑undoubtedly 无疑no doubt 毫无疑问certainly 当然地；无疑地 obviously 显然truly 的确2.根据衔接词本身的意思和文章连接所需要的逻辑意义，可分为以下14类。（1）表示因果关系as a result as a result of accordinglybecause（of）due toowing to thanks tonow thatso long as sincein thatso thattherefore（2）表示解释关系as a matter of factas well frankly speakingin this case（3）表示推理关系or elseotherwiseif s