版新高考英语考前保分训练江苏版课件+讲义 专题一 第4节 第2讲.docx

1、版新高考英语考前保分训练江苏版课件+讲义 专题一 第4节 第2讲第2讲虚拟语气一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用1.if虚拟条件句从句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设If主语动词的过去式(be动词用were)主语should/would/could/might动词原形If I were you，I should seize the chance to go abroad.如果我是你，我就抓住这次出国的机会。与过去事实相反的假设If主语had过去分词主语should/would/ could/mighthave过去分词If you had taken my advice，you would not

2、have failed in the exams.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会在考试中失败了。与将来事实相反的假设1.If主语动词的过去式2.If主语were to动词原形3.If主语should动词原形主语should/would/ could/might动词原形If he should not come tomorrow，we would put off the meeting till next Monday.如果明天他不来，我们就把会议推迟到下周一。2.错综时间条件句当条件句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称作“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应

3、的调整。If you had studied hard before，you would be a college student now.如果你以前用功学习了的话，你现在就是一名大学生了。 3.含蓄条件句用介词(短语)代替条件状语从句，常用的介词(短语)有without，but for，but that，otherwise，or，but等。Without your help，we could not have succeeded.没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得成功。But for electricity，there would be no modern industry.要是没有电，就没有现代

4、工业。He felt very tired yesterday，or he would have attended the party.他昨天太累了，否则他会参加派对的。 4.“要不是因为”的句型(1)If it were not for.，I would/could/should/might do.要不是因为，我现在就(对现在的虚拟)。(2)If it had not been for.，I would/could/should/might have done.要不是因为，我当时就(对过去的虚拟)。If it were not for free tickets，I would not go

5、to the cinema so frequently.要不是因为免费的电影票，我不会那么频繁地去看电影。If it had not been for your timely assistance in giving me first aid，the consequences might have been much serious.如果当时在对我急救的过程中没有你的及时帮助，后果也许是非常严重的。5.if省略句(1)当if引导的虚拟条件句中的谓语动词含有had，should，were时，可将if省略，而将had，should，were置于句首，采用倒装结构。If you had left h

6、ome earlier，you would have caught the bus.Had you left home earlier，you would have caught the bus.如果你早点从家中出门，你就能赶上汽车了。(2)若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用谓语动词的省略形式。Were it not for the expenses，I would go abroad now.要不是考虑到花销，我现在可能都出国了。 (不能说Werent it for the expenses，I would go abroad now.)二、虚拟语气在从句中的应用1.demand

7、，suggest，order，insist等表命令、建议、要求后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”；wish后的宾语从句中分别用过去式、过去完成式和“could/would动词原形”表示与现在、过去和将来的情况相反。We suggested that Tom have a rest.我们建议汤姆去休息一下。I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。He wished he hadnt said that.他希望他没讲过那样的话。I wish it would rain tomorrow.我希望明天下雨。2.在It is necessary/i

8、mportant/strange that.；It is suggested/demanded/ordered/requested that.等从句中，谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。It is important that we (should) master a foreign language.掌握一门外语很重要。Its suggested that the plan (should) be carried out.人们建议执行这个计划。3.在idea，advice，order，demand，request，suggestion，desire等表命令、建议、要求的名词后的表语从句

9、和同位语从句中，其谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。My demand is that she (should) come to see me once a week.我要求她一周来看我一次。All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory (should) be closed down.我们都支持关闭这家化工厂的建议。4.在as if 从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反时，用过去式；与过去事实相反时用过去完成式(had done)。She looks after the boy as if he were her ow

10、n son.她照顾这男孩就像对自己的儿子一样。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。5.Its (high/about) time that主语过去式/should do.意为“到了某人做的时候了”。should不能省略。It is high time that we went/should go to bed.到了我们该睡觉的时候了。6.would rather.过去式(与现在或将来相反)/过去完成式(与过去相反)Id rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来

11、。高考题组1.What a pity！You missed the sightseeing，or we _ a good time together.(2019江苏，31)A.had B.will haveC.would have had D.had had答案C解析考查虚拟语气。句意为：真遗憾！你错过了观光。否则我们在一起会玩得很开心。根据关键词or可知，这里应用虚拟语气，表示与过去的事实相反的假设，谓语动词应用“would/could/should/mighthave done”。2.The workers were not better organized，otherwise they

12、_ the task in half the time.(2019天津，14)A.accomplished B.had accomplishedC.would accomplish D.would have accomplished答案D解析考查虚拟语气。句意为：工人们没有被组织好，否则他们会用一半的时间完成任务的。此处otherwise表达了一种含蓄虚拟；otherwise前的内容所述的是过去的事实，相当于if引导的条件状语从句“If the workers had been better organized”，因此后半部分应用“主语would have done sth. ”结构。故选D。

13、3.Its strange that he _ have taken the books without the owners permission.(2018江苏，24)A.would B.shouldC.could D.might答案B解析句意为：很奇怪，他竟然未经主人同意就拿走了那些书。此处should作情态动词，表示“竟然”，符合句意，故选B。4.There is a good social life in the village，and I wish I _ a second chance to become more involved.(2018江苏，27)A.had B.will

14、 haveC.would have had D.have had答案A解析句意为：在这个村子里社交生活良好，我希望我能再有机会更多地参与其中。I wish后接从句，从句要用虚拟语气。叙述与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用did(be动词用were)；叙述与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语用had done；叙述与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语用would/could do。由语境可知，此处叙述与现在事实相反的假设，故选A。5.I cant find my purse.I _ it in the supermarket yesterday，but Im not sure.(2018天津，10)A.sho

15、uld leave B.must have leftC.might leave D.could have left答案D解析句意为：我找不到我的钱包了。我昨天可能把它落在了超市里，但我不确定。根据句中的时间状语yesterday可知空格处是对过去发生事情的推测，需用“情态动词have done”，B、D两项符合；再根据句中的but Im not sure排除B项“一定落在”，故选D项。若C项改为might have left，也是正确的。6.If we _ the flight yesterday，we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach no

16、w.(2018天津，15)A.had caught B.caughtC.have caught D.would catch答案A解析句意为：如果我们昨天赶上了航班的话，我们现在就在海滩上享受假期了。根据前半句中的时间状语yesterday以及后半部分中的would be enjoying及时间状语now可知，这是一个错综时间条件句。从句表示与过去的事实相反的假设，故用“had动词的过去分词”。7.In todays information age，the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.(2018北京，12)A.need

17、B.shouldC.can D.must答案C解析句意为：在如今这个信息时代，数据的丢失可能会给一个公司带来严重的问题。根据句意可知应该选C项。can在此表示可能性，意为“可能，会”，符合句意。need需要；should应该；must必须。8.They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers.(2018北京，13)A.drove B.would driveC.were to drive D.had driven答案D解析根据主句的谓语形式以及语境可知，if条件句应该用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气

18、。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的结构：主句谓语用“should/would/could/mighthave done”，从句谓语用“had过去分词”。9._ not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty.(2017江苏，22)A.It were B.Were itC.It was D.Was it答案B解析句意为：如果没有老师们的支持，这名学生不可能战胜困难。此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用were；在非真实条件句中，如果有should，had或were时，可以省略if，而

19、把should，had或were提至主语前，形成部分倒装，故选B项。10.Samuel，the tallest boy in our class，_ easily reach the books on the top shelf.(2017北京，21)A.must B.shouldC.can D.need答案C解析句意为：我们班最高的男孩塞缪尔能轻松地够到顶层架子上的书。此处表示能力，要用can。must必须；should应当，应该；need需要。11.If the new safety system _ to use，the accident would never have happene

20、d.(2017北京，34)A.had been put B.were putC.should be put D.would be put答案A解析句意为：要是新的安全系统被投入使用了的话，这起事故就不会发生了。此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，所以从句谓语用过去完成时，选A项。12.My room is a mess，but I _ clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.(2017天津，2)A.darent B.shouldntC.neednt D.mustnt答案C解析句意为：我的房间很乱，不过今晚在我出去之前，我

21、没必要(neednt)打扫它。我可以在(明天)早晨打扫。darent不敢；shouldnt不应该；mustnt不准。13.Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes.Otherwise，I _ able to reach her yesterday.(2017天津，15)A.hadnt been B.wouldnt have beenC.werent D.wouldnt be答案B解析句意为：你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？有。不然我昨天就联系不上她了。由空前的otherwise及句意可知应用虚拟语气，此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，谓语动词用would have done，故

22、选B。14.If it _ for his invitation the other day，I should not be here now.(2016江苏，27)A.had not been B.should not beC.were not to be D.should not have been答案A解析句意为：如果不是他前几天邀请我，我现在就不会在这里了。根据句子结构和句意可知，此处为虚拟语气，再结合时间状语the other day可知，这是对过去行为的虚拟，故if从句要用过去完成时。15.I love the weekend，because I _ get up early on

23、 Saturdays and Sundays.(2016北京，31)A.neednt B.mustntC.wouldnt D.shouldnt答案A解析句意为：我喜欢周末，因为每逢周六、周日我不需要早起。neednt不需要；mustnt禁止；wouldnt不会；shouldnt不应该。根据句意可知选A项。16.Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _ me，I could have helped.(2016北京，34)A.told B.had toldC.were to tell D.would tell答案B解析

24、句意为：你上周为什么不告诉我你的麻烦。如果你告诉了我，我就能够帮助你。根据last week可知，事情发生在过去；根据主句谓语动词could have done可知，是对过去情况的虚拟，因此从句应用过去完成时had done。故选B项。17.It was really annoying；I _ get access to the data bank you had recommended.(2016天津，5)A.wouldnt B.couldntC.shouldnt D.neednt答案B解析句意为：真烦人，我无权使用你推荐的资料库。couldnt意为“不能”，符合语境。wouldnt不愿意；

25、shouldnt不应该；neednt没必要。18.I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadnt been wearing one，I _.(2016天津，15)A.were injured B.would be injuredC.had been injured D.would have been injured答案D解析句意为：我当时系着安全带。如果没系的话，我会受伤的。根据题干中的“If I hadnt been wearing one”可知，此处表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以主句的谓语用would have been injured。19.Had the g

26、overnments and scientists not worked together，AIDS-related deaths _ since their highest in 2005.(2016浙江，15)A.had not fallen B.would not fallC.did not fall D.would not have fallen答案D解析句意为：如果各国政府和科学家们不一起合作的话，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会自2005年的最高值降下来。根据Had the governments and scientists not worked together可知事情发生在过去，

27、因此是对过去情况的虚拟，主句用would have done形式。故选D项。20.George _ too far.His coffee is still warm.(2016浙江，17)A.must have gone B.might have goneC.cant have gone D.neednt have gone答案C解析句意为：乔治不可能走远。他的咖啡还是温的。cant have done表示对过去情况的否定推测，意为“不可能做了”。模拟题组1.Its really great to have a computer to store my photos.Dont count on

28、 it too much.It _ break down and youd better make a copy of them.A.must B.canC.should D.will答案B解析考查情态动词。句意为：有一台计算机来储存照片真是太棒了。不要过度依赖它。它有时候也会出故障，你最好做一个备份。计算机出故障这是可能的事情，表示客观可能性用can。must肯定，必须；should应该；will表意愿。故B选项正确。2.Frankly speaking，I am not sure whether I _ this in the old days with that kind of equi

29、pment，which looks quite odd and ridiculous.A.should have done B.need have doneC.would have done D.must have done答案C解析考查“情态动词have done”。句意为：坦率地说，我不确定在过去我是否会用这种设备做这件事，这看起来很奇怪和可笑。should have done表示“本应该做某事，而实际上没有做某事”；need have done表示“本来需要做某事而没有做”；would have done虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”；must have done表示

30、对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，故选C。3.This car is important to our family._ it break down within the first year，we would repair it at our expense.A.Could B.WouldC.Might D.Should答案D解析考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意为：这辆车对我们家很重要。如果在第一年内发生故障，我们将自费修理。分析句子可知，本句为if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句为：sb. should do sth. ，主句为：sb. would/could/might/should do。当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had，were，should等时，如将if省略，则要将had，were，should等移到主语前构成部分倒装句。故D选项正确。4.The law is equally applied to everyone.No one _ be above it.A.shall B.mustC.may D.n