研究生班专业英语总复习doc.docx

1、研究生班专业英语总复习doc2013在职研究生班专业英语总复习ITrue/False Questions判断正误；答题请写在答题纸上，正确的写True；错误的写False。1The four contemporary functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. 2Effectiveness refers to the relationship between inputs and outputs. 3. Efficiency is often referred to as “doing

2、things right.” 4. According to the text, the goal of efficiency is to minimize resource costs. 5. Only first-line managers and employees need to be concerned with being customer-responsive. 6. A distinct purpose is important in defining an organization.7. Principles of Scientific Management was writ

3、ten by Frederick Winslow Taylor.8. The primary issue that aroused Taylor to create a more scientific approach to management was worker effectiveness. 9. General administrative theory focuses only on managers and administrators.10. One could say that Fayol was interested in studying macromanagement i

4、ssues, whereas Taylor was interested in studying micromanagement issues. 11. Max Webers bureaucracy is a lot like scientific management. 12. The qualitative approach to management has also been labeled operations research or management science. 13. Hugo Munsterberg was an early advocate of the human

5、 resources approach to management. 14. The Hawthorne studies were performed at the General Motors plant beginning in 1924.15. The current dominant assumption in management theory suggests that managers are omnipotent. 16. In the omnipotent view of management, much of an organizations success or fail

6、ure is due to forces outside managements control.17. The organizational culture is a system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations. 18. A managers role in the omnipotent view of management is to create meaning out of randomness, confusion, and

7、ambiguity. 19. An increasing body of evidence suggests that strong cultures are associated with high organizational performance. 20. Rituals are repetitive sequences of activities that express and reinforce the key values of an organization. II. Multiple-Choice Questions For each of the following ch

8、oose the answer that most completely answers the question. There is only one best answer for each question.答案请写在答题纸上。每小题只有一个正确答案。1. What are the two views of managerial impact on the success or failure of the organization?a. omnipotent and symbolic b. omnipotent and reflectivec. symbolic and interac

9、tived. reflective and interactive2. Internal constraints that restrict a managers decision options _.a. exist within every organizationb. do not exist, as all managers can decide as they pleasec. exists only to the extent that upper management imposes themd. exist only to the extent that followers w

10、ont do as they are told3. Organizational culture is similar to an individuals _.a. skillsb. personalityc. motivationd. ability4. Corporate _ are repetitive sequences of activities that express and reinforce the values of the organization, what goals are most important, which people are important, an

11、d which are expendable.a. languagesb. ritualsc. symbolsd. ceremonies5. Which of the following is a fundamental contribution of scientific management?a. It could raise a countrys standard of living.b. It provided for management control, a basic management function.c. It provided the basis for the com

12、ing rise of unionization.d. It led to lower overall wages, thereby increasing organizational profitability.6. One could say that Fayol was interested in studying _ management issues, whereas Taylor was interested in studying _ management issues.a. micro; macrob. macro; microc. micro, micro d. macro,

13、 macro 7. Which of the following is not one of Fayols principles of management?a. division of workb. unity of commandc. disciplined. equality8. The 14 principles of management are associated with whom?a. Weberb. Druckerc. Taylord. Fayol.9. Bureaucracy defined as a form of organization characterized

14、by _.a. division of laborb. clearly defined hierarchyc. detailed rules and regulationsd. all of the above10. Supervisor is another name for whom?a. team leadersb. middle managersc. first-line managersd. top managers11. Agency head or plant manager is most likely associated with which of the followin

15、g?a. team leadersb. middle managersc. first-line managersd. top managers.12. The distinction between a managerial position and a nonmanagerial position is _.a. planning the work of othersb. coordinating the work of othersc. controlling the work of othersd. organizing the work of others13. Effectiven

16、ess is synonymous with _.a. cost minimizationb. resource controlc. goal attainmentd. efficiency14. In successful organizations, _.a. low efficiency and high effectiveness go hand in handb. high efficiency and low effectiveness go hand in handc. high efficiency and high effectiveness go hand in handd

17、. high efficiency and high equity go hand in hand15. _ is the set of ongoing decisions and work activities in which managers engage as they perform the management functionsa. The management process.b. Planning.c. Organizing.d. Directing.16. _ was a French industrialist who identified the basic manag

18、ement functions.a. Weberb. Taylorc. Herzbergd. Fayol 17. Writing an organizational strategic plan is an example of the _ management function.a. leadingb. coordinatingc. planningd. organizing18. A manager resolving conflict among organizational members is performing what function?a. controllingb. com

19、mandingc. directingd. leading19. A finance manager who reads the Wall Street Journal on a regular basis would be performing which role?a. figureheadb. monitorc. disseminatord. interpersonal20. The ability to work well with other people, both individually and in a group, use _.a. technical skillsb. b

20、ehavioral skillsc. planning skillsd. human skills.III. Translation. Passage OneConsumer behavior is influenced by three factors: cultural (culture, subculture, and social class), social (reference groups, family, and social roles and statuses), personal (age and stage in the life cycle; occupation a

21、nd economic circumstances; personality and self-concept; and lifestyle and values). The four psychological processes of motivation, perception, learning, and memory also influence consumer responses to marketing stimuli. Research into all of these factors provides clues as to how marketers can reach

22、 and satisfy consumers more effectively.The five-stage model of the consumer buying process consist of problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. The marketers job is to understand the buyers behavior at each stagefrom before t

23、o after the purchaseand what influences are operating. Consumers evaluations of a product, based on attitudes and beliefs acquired through learning and experience, will affect their purchase decisions. The attitudes of others, unanticipated situational factors, and perceived risk also may affect the

24、 buying decision, as will consumers postpurchase satisfaction, the companys postpurchase actions, and consumers postpurchase use and disposal of the product. Satisfied customers will continue to purchase; dissatisfied customers will stop purchasing the product and may make unfavorable remarks about

25、it to others.参考译文：消费者行为受到三种因素的影响：文化因素（文化， 亚文化，和社会阶层），社会因素（参照群体，家庭，社会角色和地位），个人因素（年龄、生命周期所处阶段，职业和经济状况，个性和自我观念，和生活方式及价值观）。动机、感知、学习和记忆四个心理过程也对消费者对营销刺激产生影响。有关上述各种因素所进行的研究对营销者如何更为有效的接近（到达）和满足消费者提供了线索。消费者购买决策的五阶段模型包括：发现（认识）问题；信息搜索、评价可供选择的方案、购买决策和购买后行为。 营销者的工作就是了解购买行为的每个阶段-从购买之前到购买之后以及说明因素在起（产生）作用。消费者对产品的态度

26、以及基于通过学习体验所获得的信念的评价将会对购买决策产生影响。他人的态度，预料不到的其他情景因素和所感知的风险也可能影响到购买决策，消费者的购买后满意度。公司的购买后行动，和消费者购买后对产品的使用和处置，同样也会购买产生影响。满意的顾客会继续购买（该产品），而不满意的顾客会停止购买特定的产品并且可能对其他顾客发出有关产品不利的言论（口碑）。Passage TwoStrong companies develop superior technological capabilities in managing the four core business processes: the new-pr

27、oduct realization process, the inventory management process, the order-to-remittance process, and the customer service process. Managing these core processes effectively means creating a marketing network in which the company works closely with all the parties in the production and distribution chai

28、n, from suppliers of raw materials to retail distributors. Companies no longer compete marketing networks do.强势公司在管理四种核心业务流程造就了高超的技术能力：新产品实现上市流程，库存管理流程，订货-发货流程，以及客户服务流程。有效管理这些核心流程意味着创立与从原材料供应商到零售分销商生产的生产分销链条中各方紧密合作的营销网络。公司不再进行竞争竞争的是营销网络。Losing profitable customers can dramatically impact a firms pro

29、fits. The cost of attracting a new customer is estimated to be five times the cost of keeping a current customer happy. Therefore, one of the marketers main tasks is customer retention. The key to retaining customers is relationship marketing. To keep customers happy, marketers can add financial or

30、social benefit to products, and/or create structural ties between themselves and their customers. However, marketers should avoid retaining unprofitable customers.失去赢利（有利可图的）顾客可能对企业的利润产生重创。吸引新顾客的成本据估算是维持现有顾客满意的（成本）的五倍。因此，营销者的主要任务之一就是顾客保留（留住顾客）。留住顾客的关键在于关系营销。要使顾客满意，营销者可以在产品上增加财务或社会方面的利益（好处），并且/或创建企业与

31、客户之间的结构性的密切关系。然而，营销者应当避免保留非赢利的顾客。We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as regularcoffee and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, though, Instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline （衰