TOEIC备考语法必备.pdf

1、大家学习网 bbs.TopS TOEIC 备考 109 句型精简版 1.直接问句：疑问词+助 V+S.？问句动词要移到主词前 间接问句间接问句：S+V+疑问词+S+(助 V)+V.间接问句不是问句*他什么时候要走？我不知道他什么时候要走。When will he go?I dont know when he will go.2.直接问句：助 V+S+.？也就是要用 Yes 或 No 回答的问句 间接问句间接问句：S+V+whether +S+(助 V)+V.if*你能不能来呢？你能不能来没关系。Can you come(or not)?It makes no difference whethe

2、r you can come(or not).3.Do+S+V+疑问字+S+V?询问重点为”Do+S+V”疑问字疑问字+do+S+V+疑问字+S+V?询问重点为”疑问字”*A:Did you tell me who she was?B:Yes,I did.A:你有没有告诉过我她是谁？B:有啊，我告诉过你了。*A:Who did you tell me she was?B:She is my sister.A:你告诉过我她是谁来着？B:她是我妹妹。4.你认为你认为.如何如何？.如何？如何？.好不好？好不好？(建议去做某事建议去做某事)How about+O?What about+O?What d

3、o you say to+O?O 要用名词或 Ving.What do you think of+O?Lets+V,shall we?*去散散步好不好？How about(taking)a walk?=What about(taking)a walk?=What do you say to(taking)a walk?=What do you think of(taking)a walk?=Lets take a walk,shall we?5.一一.就就.；如果；如果.就就.命令句 and S+V.=If S+V ,S+V.*一动你就没命。Stir and you will be a dea

4、d man.=If you stir,you will be a dead man.6.否则否则.；如果不；如果不.就就.命令句 or S+V.=If S.not+V ,S+V.=Unless S+V ,S+V.*穿上外衣，否则你会着凉的。Put on a coat,or youll take cold.=If you dont put on a coat,youll catch cold.=Unless you put on a coat,youll get a cold.7.多么多么.啊！啊！(感叹句感叹句)How+形 +(a+n.)副 (S+V).感叹句不是问句 大家学习网 bbs.To

5、pS What+(a)+(形)+n.*多么美的夜色啊！*这些男孩好丑啊！How beautiful a night(it is)!How ugly the boys are!=What a beautiful night(this is)!=What ugly boys(they are)!8.与现在事实相反的假设与现在事实相反的假设 If S+were .,S+would,could +V 过去式 V might,should *要是我现在有翅膀，我要飞到美国。If I had wings,I would fly to you.9.与过去事实相反的假设与过去事实相反的假设 If S+had+

6、pp.,S+would,could +have+pp.might,should *要是那时这鞋子我合穿的话，我就买了。If these shoes had fitted me,I would have bought them.10.与未来事实相反的假设与未来事实相反的假设 If S+were to+V.,S+would,could +V.might,should *即使明天太阳从西边升上来，我也不会做这样的事。Even if the sun were to rise in the west tomorrow,I would not do such a thing.11.未来表未来表万一万一 I

7、f S+should+V.,S+would,should.+V.will,shall.*万一这次失败了，我会再试一次。If I should fail this time,I will(would)try again.12.不确定的未来不确定的未来 If S+V 现在式.,S+shall,will +V can,may *如果明天天气好，我们就去野餐。If it is fine tomorrow,we will go on a picnic.13.不能实现的愿望不能实现的愿望 +S +过去式 V 现在不可能的希望 I wish +S +had+pp 过去已不可能的希望 Would that s

8、hould If only +S +would +V 未来不可能的希望 could*我要是一只鸟该多好。I wish I were a bird.我真希望你那时告诉我真相就好了。If only you had told me the truth.但愿明天我能跟你一起去就好了。Would that I could go with you tomorrow.*I hope you can help me.我希望你能帮我。可能实现 I wish you could help me.要是你能帮我就好了。不可能实现 大家学习网 bbs.TopS 14.祝福祝福.的用法的用法 I wish+S+may+V

9、 May+S+V I wish+人+事物 (I wish)+事物+to+人 *祝你成功。I wish you may succeed.=May you succeed.=I wish you success.=(I wish)success to you.15.假设法假设法 if 的省略的省略 were Were If S+had +.Had +S+.should Should *我们不会失败的，要是失败，后果将如何呢？Were we to fail,what would happen?(=If we were to fail,.)要不是我早知道她的名字，当时我就糗了。Had I not kn

10、own her name,I would have been embarrassed.(If I had not known.)万一下雨，我们就不去了。Should it rain,we would not go.(If it should rain,.)16.要不是要不是.，.But for+O Without+O ,S+V 假设法.If S+not+V 假设法 *要不是有太阳，我们根本就无法生存。But for the sun,we couldnt live at all.=Without the sun,we couldnt live at all.=If it were not for

11、 the sun,we couldnt live at all.=Were it not for the sun,we couldnt live at all.17.该是该是.的时候了。的时候了。It is (high)time+S+过去式 V was should+V *该是我们上床睡觉的时候了。事实上还没睡 It is(high)time we went to bed.=It is time we should go to bed.=It is time for us to go to bed.18.好像是好像是.(其实不是其实不是)S+V as if S+V 假设法 as though

12、*你看起来好像死了。You look as if you were dead.19.n.命令命令、建议建议、要求要求、坚持坚持 的 adj.+that S+(should)+原形 V v.*她父亲坚持她要跟那人结婚。Her father insisted that she(should)marry that man.*此类 V.如：suggest,order,demand,command,insist,propose,.大家学习网 bbs.TopS *其实只要有命令、建议、要求、坚持意味的字，不论是名词、动词、形容词，其所接子句中的动词都该用原形、或”should+原形 V”。It is ne

13、cessary that he take the exam.他必须参加考试不可。20.cannot.too 越越越好；再越好；再也不为过也不为过 *交友要越小心越好。We cannot be too careful in choosing friends.=You can never be over careful in choosing friends.=One can hardly be careful enough in choosing friends.21.all all both not =not both 不都不都(部分否定部分否定)every every *人不都诚实。比较：*

14、人都不诚实。All men are not honest.No man is honest.=Not all men are honest.=All men are dishonest.22.that.not+V 否定字+but.+V 没有没有不不 without+O.*没有人不爱自己的孩子。There is no one but loves his own child.=There is no one that does not love his own child.=There is no one without loving his own child.=Everyone loves h

15、is own child.23.to+V not+Ving 不不 (不定词不定词、分词、动名词的否定、分词、动名词的否定都是在前面加都是在前面加 not)pp.*他试着不再想她。*没办法帮他忙，我就离开了。He tried not to think of her.Not being able to help him,I just left.24.No+n.禁止禁止；反对；反对；不准；不准 Ving*非公莫入。*禁止停车。No admittance except on business.No parking.25.There is no+Ving 不可能不可能；没有人能；没有人能 =It is

16、impossible to+V*简直不知道会发生什么事。There is no telling what may happen.=There is no way of telling what may happen.=It is impossible to tell what may happen.=No one can tell what may happen.26.not only A but(also)B 不但不但 A 而且而且 B B 才是重点，所以动词与 B 一致=B as well as A *不但怪你，也怪你的朋友。Not only you but also your frien

17、d is to blame.=Your friend as well as you is to blame.27.not A but B 不是不是 A 而是而是 B=B not A *我感兴趣的不是化学，而是物理。What I am interested in is not chemistry,but physics.大家学习网 bbs.TopS=What I am interested in is physics,not chemistry.28.人+be above+Ving 耻于耻于；不屑；不屑 n.*她不屑发问。She is above asking questions.29.the

18、last+n.最不可能的最不可能的；再怎么说也不会的；再怎么说也不会的 *他是最不可能出卖你的人。(他再怎么说也不会出卖你)He will be the last person to betray you.30.fail to+V 未能未能 never fail to+V 一定一定；务必；务必=be unable to+V =V+without fail *他未能实时到达。*我一定会守信。He failed to arrive in time.I never fail to keep my word.=He was unable to arrive in time.=I keep my wor

19、d without fail.31.一点也不一点也不；绝不；绝不 not at all=in no way=by no means=not in the least =far from=anything but *那男孩一点也不用功。The boy is not diligent at all.=The boy is far from diligent.32.很多很多.Much +不可数名词 many +可数名词 not a little Not a few no little no few quite a little quite a few a great deal of a great

20、number of *他有很多钱，但我有很多书。He has much money,but I have many books.=He has not a little money,but I have not a few books.=He has no little money,but I have no few books.=He has quite a little money,but I have quite a few books.=He has a great deal of money,but I have a great number of books.33.It goes

21、without saying that.不用说都知道不用说都知道.Needless to say,*不用说都知道诚实是最上策。It goes without saying that honesty is the best policy.=Needless to say,honesty is the best policy.34.否定字词放句首的倒装句。否定字词放句首的倒装句。应按问句形式，倒装助动词。Never,No,Seldom,Little,Not,Nothing+助 V+S+V.be+S.Hardly,Rarely,Scarcely,By no means,Under no circum

22、stances,*我将永远忘不了那一段美好的求学时代。I shall never forget the beautiful school days.=Never shall I forget the beautiful school days.他很少迟到。我绝不会原谅他。He is hardly late.I will forgive him by no means.大家学习网 bbs.TopS =Hardly is he late.=By no means will I forgive him.35.Only 词组放句首的倒装句词组放句首的倒装句 Only.+助 V+S+V.be+S.*我们

23、只有靠着努力工作才能成功。We can succeed only by working hard.=Only by working hard can we succeed.36.地方副词放句首的倒装句地方副词放句首的倒装句 地方副词+V+S(名词)V 需为不及物动词 S(代名词)+V *乞丐在大门口等。*她坐在柜台后面。The beggar waited at the gate.She sat behind the counter.=At the gate waited the beggar.=Behind the counter she sat.36.主词补词放句首的倒装句主词补词放句首的倒

24、装句 主词补词+V+S V 需为不及物动词(所以后面才有主词补语)*我的生活很空虚。My life is empty.=Empty is my life.37.So(也也)的倒装句的倒装句 So+助 V+S 也是。So+S+助 V 的确。Be Be=S+助 V,too =Yes,S+助 V Be Be *你年轻，我也是。*A：听说你做得很好。B：的确是。You are young,and so am I.A:I hear you did a good job.B:So we did.=You are young,and I am,too.=A:I hear you did a good job

25、.B:Yes,we did.*否定也不倒装要用 neither。如：You are not young,and I am not,either =You are not young,and neither am I.用 neither 后面不要再有 not 38.as(像像),than(比比)的倒装句的倒装句 as 助 V +S than 助 V +S be be=as +S 助 V =than +S 助 V Be be *他买的衣服和他太太的一样多。He has bought as many clothes as has his wife.=He has bought as many clo

26、thes as his wife(has).我们的教务主任比校长能干。Our director of studies is more capable than is our principal.=Our director of studies is more capable than our principal is.=Our director of studies is more capable than our principal.39.such(如此的如此的),so(如此地如此地)的倒装句的倒装句 如此如此以致于以致于 S is such +that 子句 S is so adj.+th

27、at 子句 as to V as to V 大家学习网 bbs.TopS=Such is S +that 子句=So adj.is S +that 子句 as to V as to V *我的英文进步很大所以父母很高兴。My progress in English was such that it pleased my parents.=My progress in English was such as to please my parents.=Such was my progress in English that it pleased my parents.=Such was my p

28、rogress in English as to please my parents.=My progress in English was so great that it pleased my parents.=My progress in English was so great as to it please my parents.=So great was my progress in English that it pleased my parents.=So great was my progress in English as to please my parents.40.“

29、It”做做虚主词虚主词 (for 人)to V It+V.+that 子句 wh 子句 *整天待在家对健康不好。It is bad for health to keep indoors all day.=It is bad for health that one keeps indoors all day.41.“It”做做虚受词虚受词 (for 人)to V S+Vt+it+受词补语+V.+that 子句 wh 子句 *我认为整天待在家对健康不好。I think it bad for health to keep indoors all day.=I think it bad for hea

30、lth that one keeps indoors all day.=I think(that)it is bad for health to keep indoors all day.=I think(that)it is bad for health that one keeps indoors all day.42.据说据说；听说听说 People(They)say that S+V=I(We)hear =Im(Were)told =It is said =S+is said+to V *据说他从前很有钱。People say that she was rich.=It is said

31、 that she was rich.=She is said to have been rich.43.S1+V 连接词 S1+V =.先行词+(关系代名词).用用关代关代连接两句有一相同名词的句子连接两句有一相同名词的句子 *我有一个做老师的叔叔。*我有一个我从未见过的叔叔。I have an uncle,and he is a teacher.I have an uncle,and I have never seen him.=I have an uncle who is a teacher.=I have an uncle(whom)I have never seen.大家学习网 bb

32、s.TopS *我有一个全家都在美国的叔叔。I have an uncle,and his family are all in America =I have an uncle whose family are all in America.44.凡是凡是的人的人(们们).。Those(people)who 子句 +复数 V He who 子句 +单数 V They who 子句 One who 子句 People who 子句 Anyone who 子句 Such(people)as 子句 Whoever 子句 *凡是有钱的人都不会缺乏朋友。Those who have money do n

33、ot want for friends.=Such as have money do not want for friends.=He who has money does not want for friends.=Whoever has money does not want for friends.45.as 或或 which 当关代，代替前面的词组或整个句子。当关代，代替前面的词组或整个句子。词组,aswhich 子句 As.,.as 子句还可移到句首，which 子句不行 *他是外国人，这是我从他的口音知道的。He was a foreigner,as I knew from his accent.=He was a foreigner,which I knew from his accent.=As I knew from his accent,he was a foreign