高考英语句型大全.pdf

1、1高考英语句型大全高考英语句型大全句型句型 1 1would rather that somebody did“宁愿；更愿意”(表示现在或将来的愿望)would rather that somebody had done“宁愿；更愿意”（表示过去的愿望）句型句型 2 2as if/though+主语+did/had done好像（表示现在或将来的情况用过去时；表示过去的情况用过去完成时）参考句型 4句型句型 3 3“wish+宾语从句”，表示不大 可能实现的愿望表示现在的愿望：主语+过去时；表示过去的愿望：主语+had done；表示将来的愿望：主语+would/could do句型句型 4

2、4Its high/about time that somebody did(should do)(should 通常不省略)早就该句型句型 5 5情态动词+动词不定式完成结构的用法could have done“本来可以”（表示过去没有实现的可能）。might have done“本来可能；本来应该或可以做某事”（实际没有发生；含有轻微的责备语气。2should/ought to have done“本来该做某事”（而实际未做）should not/ought not to have done“本来不该做”（实际却做过了，含有责备语气）neednt have done“本来不必做”（但是已经

3、做过了）would rather have done“当时宁愿做了某事”（实际没有做过）；否定式would rather not have done 表达相反意思，两者都有表示“后悔”之意。句型句型 6as,though,although 引导的让步状语从句。注意although 位于句首；though 位于句首或句中；as 位于句中=though。它的词序是把句中强调的形容词、副词、动词或名词放在连词前。参考倒装结构 请注意下列句式的变化：句型句型 7 7before特殊用法（1）“没来得及就”句型句型 8 8before特殊用法（2）“过了多久才”或“动作进行到什么程度才”句型句型 9 9

4、It was+时间段+before.“过了多久才（怎么样）”It was not long before.“不久，就”It will(not)be+时间段+before.“要过多久（不久）才”(before 从句谓语动词要用一般时态)句型句型 10103in case of(+n.)“以防；万一”；in case that“以防，万一”（谓语动词用一般现在时态或should+动词原形）句型句型 1111It 强调句型强调句的基本构成：It is/was+被强调的部分+who（主要指人时）/that+其余部分注意 1这种结构可以强调句子的主语、宾语、状语（包括时间，地点，方式，原因等），但是不能

5、强调谓语动词（参考句型 15）。原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时态，用 It isthat/who.；原句的谓语动词如果是过去时态，用 It wasthat/who.；强调时间、地点、原因或方式时不要用 when,where 或 how,必须用 that。例句 1I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.It was I who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.（强调主语）It was in the street that I saw him yesterday afternoon.（强调地点状语

6、）It was yesterday afternoon that I saw him in the street.（强调时间状语）It was him that/who I saw in the street yesterday afternoon.（强调宾语）句型型 1212（1）、祈使句（表条件）+or/or else/otherwise+主句（表结果）“否则，要不然”（2）、祈使句（表条件）+and+主句（表结果）4句型句型 1313until.“直到时候”；notuntil“直到才”（倒装句）等到湖里的鱼全死光了，村民们才意识到污染是多么严重。He didnt go to bed un

7、til his mother came back.It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed.（强调句）Not until he failed in the exam did he realize that he had wasted much time playing computer games.Not until his son came back from school did he go to bed.句型句型 1414unless“除非，如果不”(=ifnot)例句I shall go tomorrow unl

8、ess it rains.如果不下雨，我明天去。Shall Tom go and play football?Not unless he has finished his homework.除非他完成作业，否则不能出去。I wont go unless he comes to invite me himself.除非他本人来邀请我，不然我是不会去的。I wont attend his birthday party unless invited(=unless I am invited).除非被邀请，否则我不去参加的生日晚会。句型句型 1515when 引导的从句 when 除了用来引导主语从句

9、、宾语从句、时间状语从句、表语从句和定语从句，还有一种用法值得关注，那就是 when 引导并列分句，意思是“这时突然；就在那时”，强调另一个动作的突然发生。常用于以下句型中：（1）、主语+be doing when意思是“正在做某事这时”；5（2）、主语+be about to dowhen；（3）、主语+be on the point of(doing)when意思是“正要去做某事这时”句型句型 1616while 引导的从句 while 除了有“当/在时候”的意思外（注意：引导的句子谓语动词只能是延续性动词！），另外的两层意思也是考查的重点：（1）while=although“尽管”、“虽

10、然”，引导让步状语从句；（2）while 的意思是“然而；可是”，常用来表达对比关系。句型句型 1717where（地点从句）注意where 引导地点从句时，可以引导定语从句或是逻辑地点状语从句。当它在定语从句中作地点状语，指代地点时，这时可以用 in which,on which,at which,to which,from which 等结构代替。但是它引导逻辑地点状语从句时，没有这样用法。句型句型 1818what 引导的从句 what 在英语中非常活跃,它可以用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句，但是不用来引导定语从句。在句子里可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语，既可以指人，也可以指物。句

11、型句型 1919as 引导的非限制性定语从句 在 as 引导的非限制性定语从句中，连接代词 as 在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语等，可以指人或物。其在定语从句中的位置比较灵活，即可以在句子前面，在句子中间或句子末尾。6常用的结构有：as we all know;as is well known to;as is often the case;as is said/mentioned above;as has been said before;as I told you before;as is evident;as often happens;as can be seen;as is/was

12、expected;as we expect;as I can remember 等。注意 1as 通常只指整个句子的内容，不表示部分内容。注意 2as 引导的非限制性定语从句通常指“事先可以预料到的”“料想到的”，表达“好”的方面。注意 3as 引导限制性定语从句时，常构成 the sameas;suchas;so/as as等结构。在从句中既可以指人、物，也可以指整个句子。句型句型 2020which 引导的非限制性定语从句（也引导限制性定语从句）which 引导的非限制性定语从句既可以指整个句子内容，也可以指句子的部分内容（如单词或词组等），在句子中可以作主语、宾语（动词或介词的）、定语等

13、。注意它在句子中的位置：只能放在主句后，不能放在主句前。表达的内容是“不好的”、“事先没有预料到的”等时，常用 which，只指物。句型句型 2121（1）、疑问词+ever whatever,whoever,whichever,whenever,wherever,however 用来引导让步状语从句，相当于 no matter 和 what,who,which,when,where,how 连用。（2）、whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever 等引导名词性从句，这时不能用 no matter+疑问词替换。7倒装结构倒装结构句型句型 2222全倒装句型（一）he

14、re,there,out,in,up,down,now,then,away 等副词放在句首，句子需要全部倒装例句There goes the bell!=The bell is ringing.铃响了！注意（1）在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或 be 动词，像 go,come,rush,live,stand,lie 等。（2）主语是人称代词时不要倒装。如：Away he went.他走远了。句型句型 2323全倒装句型（二）表示方位的状语放在句首，句子全倒装；谓语动词多为 be,lie,stand,sit,come,walk,run,stop etc.不及物动词。例句On a hill in

15、 front of them stands a great castle.在他们面前的山上矗立着一座巨大的城堡。In front of the house stopped a police car.房子的全面停着一辆警车。Around the corner walks a young policeman.拐角处有个年轻的警察在行走。8Under the tree sat a boy of about ten.在树下坐着一个大约 10 岁的男孩。句型句型 2424全倒装句型（三）（表语）adj./v-ing/v-ed+（地点状语）+be（或其他动词形式）So adj./advthat如此以至于(

16、so 引导的句子倒装，而that 引导的句子不倒装！)(这种结构是半倒装句。)So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.光运行非常快，我们几乎无法想象它的速度。句型句型 2525半倒装句（一）否定意义的副词或短语放在句首，句子半倒装。这样的副词主要有：little,seldom,hardly,rarely,scarcely,never,not at all,by no means（决不）,at no time（在任何时候都不），nowhere,in no case(无论如何都不)；not in the leas

17、t(=not at all),on no condition（决不）等。句型句型 2626半倒装句（二）not only,but also（前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装）例句9Not only was everything he had taken away from him,but also his German citizenship was taken away.不仅他拥有的一切被那走了，就连他的德国国籍也被取消了。句型句型 2727半倒装句（三）neither,nor 放在句首例句If you dont go to see the movie,neither will I.如果你不去看

18、电影，我也不去。-Why didnt you buy the jacket?-Neither was the price satisfactory,nor did the color agree with me.价格不能令人满意，颜色也不太适合我。I dont like him,nor do I care about him.我不喜欢他，也不关心他。句型 28半倒装句（四）“only+状语”放在句首，句子半倒装例句Only when the war was over did he return to work.直到战争结束他才回去工作。Only after you have reached e

19、ighteen can you join the army.你只有到了 18 岁才能参军。10Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.只有这样，我们对生活中的机遇和挑战才会有充分的准备。Only by changing the way we live will we be able to save the earth.只有改变生活方式，我们才能拯救地球。注意这种结构的倒装只在 only 引导状语的时候使用，only 引导主语的时候不用倒装。Only in this way ca

20、n you work out the problem.你只有用这种方法才能做出题目。Only this way can help you work out the problem.只有这种方法才能帮你做出题目。句型句型 2929半倒装句（五）so+be 动词/助动词/情态动词等+主语“也”（表示肯定意思）neither/nor+动词/助动词/情态动词等+主语“也”（表示否定意思）例句She is interested in the story,so am I.He enjoys playing the guitar,so do I.I saw the film last night,so di

21、d he.In the past 20 years,our society has changed a lot,so have our eating habits.11近 20 年来。我们的社会发生了很大的变化，我们的饮食习惯也变了。Tom didnt attend the meeting last night;nor did Mary.Tom 没来参加昨晚的会议，Mary 也没来。I have never been abroad.Neither/Nor has Tom.比较 1“so+主语+助动词”表示肯定已有的观点或事实例句We have all worked hard these day

22、s.So we have.（的确如此）I promised to help him,and so I did.（我确实帮助他了）比较 2“主语+助动词+so”表示按照别人的要求去做句型句型 3030so it is with somebody=its the same with somebody 前者怎么样，后者也怎么样注意前面既有否定句又有肯定句，或有多个谓语动词或助动词难以选择时，用此句型。虚拟语气句型句型 3131（从句）If+were/did（动词的过去式），（主句）主语+would/might/should/could+do（表示对现在情况的假设）句型句型 3232（从句）If+ha

23、d done,（主句）主语+would/might/should/could+have done（表示对过去或已经发生事情的虚拟假设）12句型句型 3333（从句）If+were/did（动词过去式）/were to do/should do，（主句）主语+would/might/should/could+do（表示对将来的假设）句型句型 3434虚拟语气条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，如果出现有 were,had,should，可以省去 if,把这些词放在句子前面，构成虚拟倒装句。句型句型 3535if only 引起的感叹句，相当于“How I wish+宾语从句”，意思是“但愿；要是就好了”

24、句型句型 3636if it were not for(=were it not for)if it hadnt been for(=had it not been for)“要不是因为有；如果不是”注意这种结构中不能用否定结构的缩写形式，即不能用 werent it for）例句If it hadnt been for(=Had it not been for)the determined captain,all the passengers on board wouldnt have been saved.要不是船长一直坚强，船上的旅客就不会得救。If it were not for yo

25、ur rich parents,you couldnt live so easy a life.要不是你父母有钱，你的生活不会如此安逸。13If it were not for the expense,I would go abroad now.如果不是因为经费问题，我现在就出国了。句型句型 3737“but for+名词”和“but that+从句”，意思是“倘若不是；要不是”，接虚拟语气例句But for air and water,nothing could live.(=If there were no air or water,nothing could live.)如果没有空气和水

26、，什么东西都难以生存。But for the storm,we should have arrived earlier.=If it hadnt been for the storm,we should have arrived earlier.如果不是暴风雨，我们早就到了。But for you,we couldnt have carried out the plan.要不是你的话，我们无法实施那项计划。She could not have believed it but that she saw it.若非亲眼所见，她是不会相信的。句型句型 3838在动词 insist（1 坚持做某事），

27、order,command（2 命令）,advise,suggest,propose（3 建议做某事），demand,require,request,ask（4 要求）等表示建议、命令、要求的名词性从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。基本句型：主语+(should)+动词原形。另外像 decide,desire,intend,recommend 等也要接(should)+动词原形结构。例句14Mother insists that Tom(should)go to bed at nine oclock.（宾语从句）We suggested that the meeting(should)be held

28、 at once.It was required that the crops(should)be harvested at once.（主语从句）The suggestion that he(should)be invited was rejected.（同位语从句）That is their demand that their wages(should)be increased.（表语从句）注意 1advice,suggestion,order,demand,proposal,request,desire,command,decision,requirement 等名词引导的同位语从句或表

29、语从句，谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。注意 2Its suggested/advised/demanded/ordered/requested/proposed/required/desired 等结构后的主语从句中，谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。注意 3suggest 意思是“表明，暗示；说明”时；insist 意思是“坚持观点，坚持看法”时，句子不能用虚拟语气。句型句型 3939It is necessary/important/natural/impossible/essential（基本的）等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即主语+(should)+动词原形例句15It

30、s necessary that Tom take the exam first.Tom 有必要先参加考试。句型句型 4040Its strange/surprising/a pity/a shame/a surprise(that)should doshould 表示“竟然”句型句型 4141prefer(1)prefer to do sth(2)prefer doing sth(3)prefer sb to do sth(4)prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿.而不愿.(5)prefer doing sth to doing sth(6)prefe

31、r sth to sth句型句型 4242seem(1)It+seems+that 从句(2)It seems to sb that-(3)There seems to be-(4)It seems as if-句型句型 4343表示“相差；增加了；增加到”句型：(1)She is taller than I by three inches.她比我高三英寸(2)There is one year between us.我们之间相差一岁。16(3)She is three years old than I 她比我大三岁。(4)They have increased the price by 50

32、%.他们把价格上涨了 50%句型句型 4444too 句型：(1)tooto do sth(2)only too-to do sth(3)too+adj+for sth(4)too+adj+a+n.(5)cant too+形容词 无论也不为过句型句型 4545before 句型：(1)before sb can/could 某人还没来得及(2)It will be+时间+before+还有多长时间(3)had done some time before（才）(4)had not done-before-不到就(5)It was not+一段时间+before 不多久就句型句型 4646用于表示

33、过去未实现的希望和计划的句型：(1)should like to/would like to/would love to have done sth.(2)was/were going to do sth.（用过去将来时态表示原打算做什么）(3)was/were going to have done sth.表示未完成原来的计划和安排17(4)expect,intend,hope,mean,plan,promise,suppose,think,want,wish 常用过去完成时态,在这些词后接宾语从句或者接不定式的一般形式；或者用一般过去时态后面接不定式的完成形式表示过去未曾实现的愿望(5)wish that had done sth.表示过去未曾实现的愿望(6)情态动词 should,would,could,might,ought to 等后接不定式的完成时，表示过去本该做，打算做，想做