中考动词最全讲解共21页包括常见短语动词辨析重点动词用法动词分类各种时态语态还有练习题.docx

1、中考动词最全讲解共21页包括常见短语动词辨析重点动词用法动词分类各种时态语态还有练习题中考动词辅导策略与习题专练在英语中动词的使用形式变化多样，这与汉语截然不同，故其用法成为学生学习中的一大难点。英语中动词分四类，即：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词、助动词。如何进行中考辅导？一、实义动词一理解基本用法，运用基本原理指导学习实践，做到有理可依、有据可循，实义动词在句中运用时，分谓语形式和非谓语形式。 1谓语形式：当某个实义动词或词组充当句子的谓语时，它的形式随语态、时态以及主语人称和数的变化而变化。细而言之：时态 语态 主 动 语 态被 动 语 态备注一般现在时原 形 或 三单is/am/are过

2、去分词划线：助动词一般过去时过去式was/were 过去分词同上现在进行时is/am/are 现在分词is/am/arebeing过去分词同上过去进行时was/were 现在分词was/were being过去分词同上一般将来时will/ shall动原will/shallbe 过去分词同上be going to动原be going tobe 过去分词Be：is/am/are过去将来时would/shoud动原would/shoudbe过去分词划线：助动词be going to动原be going tobe过去分词Be：was/were现在完成时have/has过去分词have/has bee

3、n过去分词划线：助动词过去完成时had 过去分词had been 过去分词同上含情态动词情态动词动原情态动词be 过去分词2非谓语形式：不定式 意义：动词的非谓语形式，常发生在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之后，作主语、宾语动词宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语常表示功能、状语。构成：不定式= to动词原形否定结构= not to do sth复合结构= for sb.not to do sth与疑问词连用：如what to do在下列动词后的不定式省略“to”：三看look see watch两听listen hear一感觉feel，注意notice使make让let have帮help可不省。形式主

4、语：当不定式、否定结构、复合结构、与疑问词连用等形式作句子主语时，用it来代替它，而将真正的主语置于谓语之后，“it”叫形式主语。 动名词意义：动词的非谓语形式，常常发生或预定在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之前，表示事实、爱好、功能、习惯等，起名词作用。作主语、宾语包括介词宾语和动词宾语、表语、定语常表示功能等。 构成：动名词=V+ing . 否定结构= not doing sth . 复合结构=one notdoing sth现在分词意义：动词的非谓语形式，常指相对谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间正在发生的动作，表示主动。用法：常作定语单个词前置，短语后置、宾语补足语和状语如时间状语、方式状语、伴随

5、状语等。过去分词意义：动词的非谓语形式，常指相对谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间已发生的动作。表示被动。 用法：常作定语单个词前置，短语后置、宾语补足语和状语如时间状语、方式状语、伴随状语等。3举例说明： .I want to give up studying at school to look after my sick mother at home.点拨：作谓语主动语态一般现在时。非谓语发生在谓语之后不定式。非谓语发生在前位非谓语之前动名词。非谓语发生在前位非谓语之后不定式。 The teacher told us not to forget to turn off the lights whe

6、n we left the room 点拨：作谓语主动语态一般过去时。非谓语发生在谓语之后不定式。非谓语发生在前位非谓语之后不定式。作谓语主动语态一般过去时。 3Look, There is a boy taking down a picture put upon the wall. 点拨：作谓语一般现在时。非谓语相对谓语即时时间正在发生,主动现在分词.非谓语发生在前位非谓语之前表示被动过去分词.二既要求同亦要寻异 凡事都具有共性，又具有个性。不能千篇一律地用某个规则或原理去解决所有问题。因此，在把握实义动词基本用法的大前提下，教师还要引导、启发、教育学生善于观察、比较、体味个别动词的特殊用法

7、，做到共性与个性的统一。关于动名词的使用应注意： 1介词动名词 如：You can watch TV after fishing your homework. 2动词词组动名词 这样的动词有： give in doing 屈服做某事 be busy doing 忙于做某事 stop sb.from doing 阻止某人做某事 practice doing 练习做某事 enjoy doing 喜欢做某事 finish doing 做完某事 complete doing 做完某事 end up doing 做完某事 mind doing 介意做某事 spendindoing 花费时间做某事cant

8、 stand doing 容忍做某事 keep on doing 一直做某事be worth doing 值得做某事 appreciate doing 感激做某事avoid doing 避免做某事 be used to doing 习惯做某事pay attention to doing 注意做某事 get used to doing 习惯做某事excuse doing 推辞做某事 give up doing 放弃做某事carry on doing 坚持做某事 do some reading 读书 make a countribution to doing do /washing/swimmin

9、g洗衣/游泳为做某事做贡献 look forward to doing盼望做某事prefer doing to doing与做某事比， take a swimming course 上游泳课更喜欢做某事 insist on doing 坚持做某事stick doing 坚持做某事 take the leading position 站主导地位consider doing 考虑做某事 imagine doing 想像做某事miss doing 错过做某事 put off doing 推迟做某事risk doing 冒险做某事 suggest doing 做某事建议3.下列动词既可接不定式又可接动

10、名词，但意义不同： .like/love/hate1 doing：表示习惯 例：I like getting up early every morning. 2 to do：表示具体活动 例：Can you come out to play with me ? Stop1 doing：停止做某事某事不做了例：Please stop working if you are tired.2 to do：停下来去做某事某事要做例：I am tired to have a rest. go on1 doing：继续做同一件事 例：Go on studying hard if you want to ge

11、t better grades. 2 to do：继续做另一件事 例：After leaving school,he go on to go to college. .remember1 doing：记得做过的事 例：I remember seeing you somewhere.2 to do：记得要做的事 例：Rrmember to turn off the light when leaving the room. .forget doing：忘记做过的事 例：I forget seeing you somewhere to do：忘记要做的事 例：Dont forget to turn

12、off the light when leaving the room .need/want/require1 doing：表示被动 例The blackboard needs cleaningThe blackboard needs to be cleaned.2 to do：表示主动 例：She needs to have a rest. .try doing：试着做某事 例：Let me try driving for you. to do：尽力做某事 例：We must try to finish it on time. .continue1 doing：继续做同一件事 例：Conti

13、nue studying hard if you want to get better grades.2 to do：继续做另一件事 例：After leaving school,he .continue to go to college. .cant help1 doing：情不自禁做某事 例：when he heard the news,he cant help jumping.2 to do：不能帮助做某事 例：Sorry, I cant help to do it for you. .mean .doing：意思做某事 例：What I said means not telling h

14、im the news now. . to do：打算做某事 例：I mean to start off tomorrow.agree1. on doing：对做某事表示同意 例：We agree on holding a sports meeting soon. 2. to do：同意要做某事 例：I agree to go to the park on Sunday. .decide . on doing：对做某事做出决定 例：We have decided on stopping him from woking on. to do：决定要做某事 例：I decide to go abro

15、ad for study.encourage1. doing：鼓励做某事例：The government encourages planting trees to protect the environment2. sb. to do：鼓励某人做某事 例：The teacher often encourages us to study hard. .allow1. doing：允许做某事例：We dont allow smoking here2. sb. to do：允许某人做某事做 例：We dont allow you to smoke here .advise1. doing：建议做某事

16、 例：We advise going skating tomorrow.2. sb. to do：建议某人做某事 例：We advise you to go skating tomorrow.permit1. doing：允许做某事 例：The boss did not permit working for shorter.2. sb. to do：允许某人做某事 例：The boss did not permitme to work for shorter. .begin/start 开始做某事 .doing：“doing” 为动态动词或begin/start为其它时态 例：Lets beg

17、in running. . to do：“do” 为静态动词或begin/start已为进行时 例：I began to believe what he had said. 例：It is beginning to rain.plan1. on doing对做某事做出计划 例：We have decided on building a school next year.2. to do计划做某事 例：We have decided to build a school next year.三. 再现要点，筛取重点，各个击破，做到目标明确，有的放矢。即：将初中三年以来所学过有关实义动词的要点归纳总

18、结，以书面或幻灯形式出示给学生，自己提取难点，教师指导，逐一突破。 Aaim at 针对agree with sb. 同意某人的意见或建议ask for请求、索要 addto把和加起来 ask for a ride 搭车ask for a day off请一天假 achieve a victory取得胜利acount for公布、宣布arrive in到达大地方 arrive at到达小地方 argue with 与争吵apologize to 向道歉 Bbe supposed to do sth.应该做某事 break up with sb.与某人断绝关系 be used for doing

19、被用来做某事 be used to do被用来做某事 break out 爆发believe in信任 begin/start with以开始 belong to属于 built into把建成 base on以为基础 break off解散解雇 break down 破坏borrow from 向借bring sb.sth. 把某物给某人带来bring sth. to sb. 把某物给某人带来beg your parden 再重复一遍break the rule违规 help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事break into破门而入 buy sb. sth.给某人买某物 buy

20、 sth. for sb. 给某人买某物 Ccome into being形成、出现 come true变为现实come for a visit来参观come on 过来、跟着来come down with抵御、抑制come back回来come out of 从里出来come to do sth.逐渐做某事come back from work下班回来come about 发生come from来自 come here 来这里come home来到家 come to到来 come along出现、发生 come over过来 come into进入里 come in 进来come out出来

21、come out of从里出来come up to 向走来come to the party 来参加聚会catch up with 赶上catch a fire着火catch hold of抓住catch a bus赶公共汽车 cut up 切碎cut in half切成半cut off切断电源、水源cut in line插队 care for关心、关爱care about在意call for号召call on拜访 call out呼喊 call up给打电话call sb. at some number给某人大某个号码 calm down 镇静下来 communicate with 与交流c

22、omplain about 抱怨can t wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事clean up 清理、打扫干净carry out 执行click on 点击connect to 把和连起来chat on line网上聊天check over检查 Ddrop by 顺便拜访drop out of school辍学drop litter丢垃圾do an experiment 做实验do an operation on sb. 给某人做手术do sth. in person亲自做某事 do business做生意 do exercise 做操do with处理 do wrong 做错事do

23、 ones homework做作业 do some sports做运动 do well in对学得好 do onelesson 做功课do the dishes 洗餐具 do ones best to do sth.尽力做某事 do onesresolution 做决定要做的事do harm to对有危害 do some cleaning 扫除do some reading读书 do some shopping购物do some cooking做饭 do the laundry洗衣服do some chores做杂务 deal with 处理disagree with sb.不同意某人意见de

24、scribe as 把描绘为die of 死于直接内因，如疾病、饥渴die from死于间接外因，如车祸、天灾die out 灭绝drive sb. crazy使某人发疯drive to开车去 divide into把分成depend on依赖decide ondoingsth. dry out干涸 dry up 烘干dream of 梦想draw up起草、拟定 dress sb. 给某人穿衣dress in穿着dress up打扮beat sb.赢了某人 E e-mail sb.给某人发电子邮件 educate sb. to do sth.教育某人做某事enjoy oneself 玩得愉快

25、enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事end up doing sth.结束做某事 explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事encourage doing sth. 鼓励做某事encourage sb. to sth.鼓励某人做某事 express sb. sth.= express sth. to sb.向某人表达某事 eat up吃光 Ffall over摔倒、倒塌 fall ill病倒 fall asleep入睡 fall in love with爱上、迷恋 fight against与作斗争 follow the rules 遵守规则fail the exam考试不

26、及格 find out查明原因、真相 feel like doing 想做某事fly a kite 放风筝fly to乘飞机去 fit into 适应 fill in =fill out 填充填写 fillwith用填feel sorry for因而难过 forget to do sth. 忘记要做的事forget doing sth. 忘记做过的事finish doing sth.做完某事fold the clothes叠衣服 Gget here/there到这里那里 get home到家 get on 上车、船、飞机等get off下车、船、飞机等 get up起来、起床 get down

27、 取下get to sleep 入睡get sb.sth.=get sth. for sb.给某人取某物 get good grades 取得好成绩get out oneway to do sth. 特地做某事get rid of 除掉get to到达 get out of 从里出来get into 进入get in the way of妨碍 get together 集会 get into trouble陷入困境 get out of trouble 脱离困境get used todoingsth.习惯做某事 get to do sth.着手做某事 get ready for为做准备 get

28、 sb. into trouble使某人陷入困境 get away from远离get a sore back 背痛get back to sb. 过会儿与某人通话打电话用语get on/along well with 与相处融洽 get to know认识 get married结婚 get in touch with 与取得联系go to 去go home 回家go there去那里 go back回去 go out 出去go out for出去做 go down/along 沿着走go to school上学 go to college 上大学go to the doctor去医务室go

29、 to the cinema 去看电影go across穿过平面 go to work上班 go bad变坏 go by流逝时间 go to the lessons去上课 go to the party去聚会 go oneown way走自己的路 go for a walk 去散步go sightseeing去观光 go the same way同路 go away 走开go to sleep 入睡go to bed 上床睡觉go on to do sth.继续做另一件事 go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事go on with继续go shopping 去购物go hiking

30、去远足 go abroad 出国go over复习 go downstairs/upstairs下楼/上楼 go on a trip去从事旅游 go in for sports进行体育运动 give sb.sth.=give sth. to sb.把某物给某人 give indoingsth.屈服做某事 give updoingsth.放弃做某事 give away 赠送give out 颁发give back 归还 give off 发出气味等give sb. some advice给某人提建议 give a talk作报告give lessons to sb. 给某人上课give sb. a good beating 好好教训某人一下give back 归还give sb. a hand 帮某人个忙 grow up 长大 Hhave a good time 玩得愉快have a discussion 进行讨论have a party 举行聚会have a meeting 开会have nothing to do with与无关 have trouble with sth. 做某事有困难have trouble doing sth. 费力做某事hav