(英语)英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案).doc

1、（英语）英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案)一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 When athletes at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics collect their medals, theyll not only be wearing something that celebrates their sporting performance, but something that symbolizes lastingness. For both the 2020 Olympics and Par

2、alympics, organizers aim to make all of the gold, silver, and bronze medals out of used electronics. This strong message about how to make use of e-waste has gotten a lot of Japan involved. Starting in April 2017, the Japanese Olympic Committee began collecting old laptops, digital cameras, smartpho

3、nes, and other abandoned electronics. The initiative (倡议) has achieved great success. Already, the quantity needed for bronze medals has been met, and theyre in the homestretch for silver and gold medals, meaning the collection process can pack up at the end of March. When looking just at the number

4、 of cell phones collected, the amount of waste is shocking. In a period of about 18 months, a little over 5 million smartphones were collected thanks to cooperation with NTT DOCOMO. Japans largest mobile phone operator allowed the public to turn in phones at their shops, which counted a lot in the p

5、rojects success. After being taken apart and sorted, the small electronics underwent a smelting process to extract (提炼) all the gold, silver, and bronze elements. Thanks to this initiative, the worldwide struggle with e-waste will have a global platform. According to a study published by the United

6、Nations University44.7 million metric tons of e-waste were made in 2016. Only 20% of that was actually recycled. Unfortunately, this figure is set to rise significantly in the coming years, moving to 52.2 million metric tons by 2021. So while the Tokyo Olympics initiative might be just a drop in the

7、 bucket, its a good start in showing what the public can do if theyre made more aware of the issue.（1）What can be learnt about Tokyo Olympics initiative from the passage? A.E-waste in the world is increasing significantly.B.It is easy to get elements needed from the used electronics.C.Only producers

8、 of electronics participated in the project.D.NTT DOCOMO contributed to the success of the project.（2）Which can best replace the underlined word homestretch in Paragraph 2? A.starting periodB.collection effortC.final stageD.hard search（3）What influence does the Tokyo Olympics initiative have? A.It o

9、ffers an effective method to solve the problem of e-waste.B.It shows the power of advanced technology in daily life.C.It saves the expense spent in making all the medals.D.It encourages the publics involvement in dealing with e-waste.（4）What is the writers attitude to the Tokyo Olympics initiative?

10、A.PositiveB.NegativeC.AmbiguousD.Indifferent【答案】 （1）D（2）C（3）D（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了日本将回收利用废弃的电子产品中的金属，用于制作2020年奥运会奖牌。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的 In a period of about 18 months, a little over 5 million smartphones were collected thanks to cooperation with NTT DOCOMO. 在大约18个月的时间里，由于与NTT Docomo的合作，收集了500多万部智

11、能手机，故选D。 （2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的Already, the quantity needed for bronze medals has been met, and theyre in the homestretch for silver and gold medals, meaning the collection process can pack up at the end of March. 铜牌所需要的数量已经达到了，并且到了最后关头，也就是说，收集过程可以在3月底完成。 in the homestretch 固定短语，“最后关头”，故选C。 （3）考查推理判断。根据最

12、后一段中的 So while the Tokyo Olympics initiative might be just a drop in the bucket, its a good start in showing what the public can do if theyre made more aware of the issue. 所以尽管东京奥运会的提议只是杯水车薪，这是一个很好的开始，展示了如果公众对这个问题有了更多的认识，他们能做些什么。故选D。 （4）考查推理判断。根据全文的描述，可知作者对于东京奥运倡议是持积极的态度，故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型

13、的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。2犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Supercomputers which can analyse blood samples and predict which patients are likely to become seriously ill could save tens of thousands of lives a year, it was revealed last night, according to The Daily Express. The

14、 artificial intelligence (AI) system, developed at University College London and set to be piloted in NHS hospitals later this year, will screen at risk patients so doctors can take early action to prevent death or serious illness. Prof Young, a consultant surgeon at Southend University Hospital, sa

15、id: I am so excited about this form of technology. Instead of people getting sick or dying because they are not picked up in time, this will allow us to step in earlier which will save lives and an enormous amount of money. I think the potential of AI in healthcare like this is as big as the Industr

16、ial Revolution wasand signals a completely new example in the way we manage healthcare. The technology is the brainchild of Dr Vishal Nangalia, a consultant at the Royal Free Hospital in London. He used AI to analyse a billion stored blood samples from 20 different UK hospital trusts dating back up

17、to 12 years. Computers assess blood test results by picking up subtle changes in red and white blood cells, suggesting a patient is going downhill. He found the technique forecast outcomes of patients with kidney problems with up to 95 per cent accuracy. Traditional methods highlighting serious pati

18、ent concerns picked up as few as 16 percent of patients who went on to die. This gives us the opportunity not only to save lives but to prevent serious illness, making the health service not only safer but more efficient. Prof Young said, Instead of waiting for people to get worse, we will be able t

19、o treat them earlier.（1）What does the underlined phrase screen in Paragraph2 mean? A.comfortB.treatC.spotD.nurse（2）How do supercomputers help save lives? A.By storing blood samples.B.By analyzing patients cases.C.By observing changes in blood cells.D.By assisting doctors with their operations.（3）Why

20、 did Professor Young mention the Industrial Revolution? A.To show the influence of AI.B.To stress the importance of health care.C.To introduce the topic of supercomputers.D.To present the achievement he has accomplished.（4）What do we know about the new technology? A.It helps patients recover earlier

21、.B.It has helped save thousands of lives.C.It will promote the health service greatly.D.It is intended for patients with kidney diseases.【答案】 （1）C（2）C（3）A（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍超级计算机能够分析血样并预测哪些病人可能会患上重病，每年可以挽救数万人的生命。 （1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“so doctors can take early action to prevent death or serious ill

22、ness. ”以便医生能够及早采取行动，预防死亡或严重疾病，可以猜测出，人工智能将用于对高危病人进行“筛查”。此处screen意为“筛查”。故选C。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Computers assess blood test results by picking up subtle changes in red and white blood cells, suggesting a patient is going downhill.”可知，计算机通过检测红细胞和白细胞的细微变化来评估血液检测结果。故选C。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的I think the potent

23、ial of AI in healthcare like this is as big as the Industrial Revolution wasand signals a completely new example in the way we manage healthcare. 杨教授认为，人工智能在医疗保健领域的潜力与工业革命一样大，以此类比，说明人工智能在医疗领域的影响力。故选A。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的Instead of waiting for people to get worse, we will be able to treat them earlier

24、. 可知，这项技术将能够更早地治疗患者，而不是坐等病情恶化，从而推断，人工智能这一科技帮助医生对疾病诊疗早预判，早介入，从而帮助挽救大量生命，将大大促进卫生服务。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。3犇犇阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 While every dog owner knows their dogs can read their moods perfectly, scientists have always

25、been a little doubtful. Now thanks to some researchers at the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna, Austria, we finally have some convincing evidence. For their study, biologist Corson Miller and his team exposes eleven selected dogs to digital images of women that were either angry or happy.

26、 Half the dogs were rewarded for touching the screen when shown a happy face, while the other half got their treat for selecting those that appeared angry. Interestingly, the dogs were not provided with the entire face. Some dogs were shown only upper halves while the others observed lower halves. T

27、hats because the scientists believe humans show their emotions on their entire face. After some training like how to recognize small differences like the wrinkles between the eyes or the changes in their shape that accompany the happy or angry expressions, the dogs were mostly able to identify the c

28、orrect expression not only on a familiar face but on a strange face. The researchers concluded the dogs were smart enough to read human emotions. They also found those being trained to read angry expressions took a longer time to learn. They guess it may be because dogs find angry faces disgusting,

29、causing them to withdraw quickly. However, once the smart dogs realized they were getting rewarded, the trepidation seemed to disappear. In fact, the dogs had such a good time playing the computer game That scientists had a hard time keeping them away from the touch screens after the study was compl

30、eted. The researchers also noticed only dogs with a male owner had a harder time understanding the expressions correctly. Since the touch-screen models were all females, this confirmed what has been observed in previous studies dogs are more efficient at reading facial expressions of people that are

31、 the same gender as their owner.（1）How did the scientists conduct the experiment? A.By leaving dogs to women who are either happy or angry.B.By mixing the selected dogs together.C.By rewarding only half of the dogs touching the screen D.By showing digital pictures of womens happy or angry faces.（2）The underlined word trepidation in Paragraph 5 probably