中考英语词形的适当形式填空题答题技巧.docx

1、中考英语词形的适当形式填空题答题技巧英语词形的适当形式填空题答题技巧用所给动词的适当形式填空，是英语中考中必考的一个题型。在考试中10分。在做题时要看主语，定时态，注意主谓一致。重点是动词的时态。英语中的时态主要就是八大时态。一般现在时，一般过去时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时，一般将来时，过去将来时。何种情况下该使用哪种时态，每种时态中明显的标志词，主要是时间状语，除了考察动词时态外，还考察各种时态的不同语态-主动语态和被动语态。一. 对名词的考查1.考查名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(1).名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(规则变化)一般情况下直接在单数名词之后加-s变为复数名

2、词。例如：deskdesks, keykeys, monkeymonkeys, boyboys等以-x,-s,-ch,-sh,结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，在单数名词之后加-es。例如：foxfoxes, bossbosses, busbuses, classclasses, dressdresses, witnesswitnesses, addressaddresses, beachbeaches, coachcoaches, couchcouches,inchinches,sandwichsanwiches, churchchurches,watchwatches,matchmatches

3、,speechspeeches,witchwitches,dishdishes,brushbrushes,goldfishgoldfish, fishfishes, toothbrushtoothbrushes等。以o结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，在单数名词之后加-s的有：zoozoos,radioradios,photophotos,pianopianos,kilokilos, mangomangos,bamboobamboos,kangarookangaroos。加-es有：tomatotomatoes, potatopotatoes, dodododoes/s,heroheroes。以辅

4、音字母+y结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，先变y为i，再加-es。例如：familyfamilies,ladyladies,babybibies,copycopies,bodybodies,centurycenturies,diarydiaries,dictionarydictionaries,factoryfactories,librarylibaries,batterybatteries, documentrydocumentries,buddybuddies,abilityabilities,countrycountries,butterflybutterflies,enemyenemie

5、s,memorymemories, balconybalconies,laboratorylaboratrories,beautybeauties, charitycharities,comedycomedies,industryindustries, quallityquallities,replyreplies,difficultydifficulties, theropytheropies, mysterymysteries, hobbyhobbies,storystories,citycities,laundrylaundries,activityactivities等。以f或 fe结

6、尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，先变f或 fe为v，再加-es。例如：halfhalves, knifeknives,wifewives,leafleaves, shelfshelves,herselfthemseves,scalfscalfs/scalves,wolfwolves等。考例1：2005年镇江市 Look! There are some _ (bird) flying in the sky.分析：所给的词bird是可数名词的单数形式，根据主谓一致可知，应填名词的复数形式，bird的复数形式是birds，因此应填birds.考例2：2005年泰州市 Your present is in

7、 one of the _. Can you guess? (box)分析：所给的词box是可数名词的单数形式，根据习惯表达 “one of the +可数名词复数”可知，应填名词的复数形式，box的复数形式是boxes，因此应填boxes。考例3：2004年淮安市 Newspaper reports say that some more _ (country) have become E.U.(欧盟)members this year.分析：所给的词country是可数名词的单数形式，根据主谓一致可知,应用可数名词的复数形式，因此应填countries。考例4：2003年济南市 The ea

8、rthquake rocked the cities in the north of Algeria. Many people lost their _. (life)分析：所给的词life是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意可知，应用名词的复数形式，life的复数形式为lives，因此应填lives。(2).名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(不规则变化)footfeet,toothteeth,childchildren,manmen,womanwomen, policemanpolicemen,policewomanpolicewomen, FrenchmanFrenchmen,snowmansnow

9、men,businessman businessmen,EnglishmanEnglishmen,gentlemangentlemen, salesmansalesmen, mousemice/mouses(鼠标),sheepsheep, ChineseChinese, JapaneseJapanese, fishfish等。考例1：2004年无锡市 Its good for us to brush our _ (tooth) after meals.分析：所给的词tooth是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意可知，应用名词的复数形式，而tooth的复数形式是不规则的，为teeth，因此应填teet

10、h。2.考查名词的所有格考例1：2005年泰州市 Chocolate is usually _ favourite food. (child)分析：所给的词child是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意“巧可力是孩子们最喜爱的食物”可知，所填的词在句中作定语，应用复数名词的所有格作定语，child的复数形式的所有格为childrens，因此应填childrens。考例2：2005年淮安市 Tomorrow is _ (father) Day. What will you do for your dad?分析：所给的词father是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意可知，“父亲节”为Fathers Day,

11、因此应填Fathers。注意：母亲节为Mothers Day,妇女节为Womens Day,儿童节为Childrens Day,教师节为Teachers Day。3.考查名词转换成形容词名词转换成形容词有以下几种情况：(1).名词+y 形容词 例如：rainrainy,windwindy,cloudcloudy,sunsunny,snowsnowy,fogfoggy,mistmisty,healthhealthy,lucklucky,unluckunlucky,noisenoisy,fun funny,thirstthirsty等。(2).名词+ful形容词 例如：carecareful, t

12、hankthankful,helphelpful,useuseful,wonderwonderful,colourcolourful,painpainful,successsuccessful等。(3).名词+n形容词 例如：AmericaAmerican, RussiaRussian,IndiaIndian, AustraliaAustralian, CanadaCanadian,ItalyItalian等。(4).名词+ ern形容词 例如：easteastern,westwestern,northnorthern,southsouthern等。(5).名词 +ous形容词 例如:dang

13、erdangerous,famefamous等。注意：friendfriendly,woolwoolen,differencedifferent,difficultydifficult,importanceimportant,prideproud,personpersonal,safetysafe,confidenceconfident等。考例1：2005年镇江市 What a _ (rain) day! We have to stay at home.分析：所给的词rain在此处应理解为名词，根据句意可知，所填的词在句中作定语，修饰day，应用形容词，rain的形容词为rainy，因此应填r

14、ainy。 考例2：2005年徐州市 Too much homework is really _ (pain) to students.分析：所给的词pain为名词，根据句意可知，所填的词在句中作表语，应用形容词，pain的形容词为 painful，即应填painful。4.考查名词变为副词successsuccessfully,carecarefully,carecarelessly,healthhealthily,noisenoisily等。考例：2005年泰州市 They played so _ that they lost the football match. (care)分析：所给

15、的词care在此处应理解为名词，根据句意可知，所填的词在句中作状语，修饰played，应用副词，care的副词为carefully,即应填carefully。二对数词的考查1.考查基数词转换成序数词基数词变为序数词时,一般情况下在基数词之后加-th。例如：four fourth但是，特殊的基数词变为序数词可用以下口诀来帮助记忆：一、二、三单独记，八去t,九去e,五和十二记仔细，f来把ve替，ty变成 tie，后面再加th。即：onefirst,twosecond,threethird,eight eighth,nineninth,fivefifth,twelvetwelfth,twenty t

16、wentieth,thirtythirtieth,fortyfortieth,fiftyfiftieth,sixtysixtieth,seventyseventieth,eighty eightieth,ninetyninetieth等。考例1：2005年镇江市 The _ (eight) lesson is not so easy as the ninth lesson, I think.分析：所给的词eight为基数词,根据习惯表达“第八课”应用序数词，eight的序数词为 eighth,即应填eighth。 考例2：2005年扬州市We will have the _ celebrati

17、on for the return of Hong Kong. (nine)分析：(略)应填ninth。考例3：2005年泰州市The students from America live on the _ floor. (nine)分析：(略)应填ninth。考例4：2005年徐州市Liu Xiang got the _ (one) in his competition of the 2004Olympic Games.分析：(略)应填first。2. 考查分数词 考例：2005年淮安市 Two _ (three) of the boys in my class are in the sch

18、ool football team.分析：所给的词three是基数词，根据句意可知，本题是考查分数词的表达，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。当分子大于1时，表示分母的序数词应用复数形式，因此应用three的序数词third的复数形式thirds,即应填thirds。三对代词的考查1.考查人称代词主宾格之间的转换中考中不常出现。2.考查物主代词之间的转换 考例：2005年宿迁市 Yesterday I was doing some shopping in the supermarket when I met a friend of _ (my).分析：所给的词my为形容词性物主代词，根据句意

19、可知，应用名词性物主代词作介词of的宾语，即应填my的名词性物主代词 mine。3.考查人称代词转换成自身代词考例1：2005年泰州市The clever girl could teach _ English when she was ten. (she)分析：所给的词she为人称代词主格，根据习惯表达teach oneself sth.可知，应用自身代词作宾语，即应填she的自身代词herself。考例2：2005年常州市 Thanks to space satellites, the world _ (it) is becoming a much smaller place.分析：所给的词

20、it为人称代词，根据句意可知，应用自身代词作主语的同位语，即应填it 的自身代词itself。4. 考查人称代词转换成物主代词考例1：2005年镇江市 My schoolbag is different from _ (he). Mine is newer.分析：所给的词he为人称代词主格，根据句意可知，应用名词性物主代词作介词from的宾语，即应填his。考例2：2005年扬州市 Our way of learning English is a lot better than _. (they)分析：(略)应填theirs。考例3：2005年淮安市 _ (we) city, Huaian ,

21、is Zhou Enlans hometown. We are proud of him.分析：(略)应填Our。考例4：2005年徐州市 This is my dictionary. Where is _ (you)?分析：(略)应填yours。四对形容词的考查1.考查形容词的比较级/最高级(1).形容词比较级/最高级的规则变化一般单音节的形容词在词尾加-er/-est 例如：blackblacker/est,brightbrighter/est此外还有：cheap, clear, clean, clever, cold, cool, dear, dark, deep, fast, few,

22、full,great,green,hard,high,kind,light,long,low,near,new,old,poor,quick,quiet,rich,short,slow,small,steep,strong,sweet,tall,thick,yellow,young, warm, weak等。以字母e结尾的形容词，只须在词尾加-r/-st。例如：blue bluer/st, largelarger/st 此外还有：able, huge, late, nice, fine, free, white, wide, simple, safe, strange, polite, pur

23、ple等。以重读闭音节结尾的形容词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，要先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er/-est。例如：bigbigger/est,fatfatter/est此外还有：dim, red, thin, sad, wet, hot, glad等。以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，先把y变为i，再加-er/-est。例如：angryangrier/est, easyeasier/est此外还有：busy, happy, heavy, empty, noisy, lucky, hungry, dirty, early, ready, sunny, windy, lazy, tidy, healthy,

24、rainy, snowy, dry, unhappy, unlucky, pretty等。多音节形容词和部分双音节形容词以及由分词转化来的形容词，须在词前加more/most。例如：beautifulmore/most beautiful,tired more/most tired此外还有：careful, interesting, difficult, different, dangerous, expensive, famous, important, interested, helpful, modern, useful, wonderful, worried, amazing, bor

25、ing, serious等。有些形容词的比较级和最高级的构成，既可以在词为加-er/est，又可以在词前加more/most。例如：clever, common, polite, quiet, peasant, simple等。(2).形容词比较级/最高级的不规则变化badworseworst goodbetterbest much/manymoremost littlelessleast考例1：2005年镇江市 Our team was much _ (strong) than theirs. We won the game at last.分析：所给的词strong为形容词，根据句意可知，

26、应用形容词的比较级，即应填strong 的比较级stronger。考例2：2005年扬州市 The more exercise you take, the _ youll be. (health)分析：(略)应填healthier。考例3：2005年泰州市 Houses in some cities now are much _ than before. (expensive)分析：(略)应填more expensive。2.考查形容词转换成副词形容词+ly副词 badbadly,brightbrightly,certaincertainly,carefulcarefully,careless

27、carelessly,clearclearly, cleancleanly,loudloudly,politepolitely,quickquickly,quietquietly,realreally,sadsadly,safesafelyslowslowly,strongstrongly,usualusually,widewidely,angryangrily,heavyheavily,easyeasily,happyhappily,silentsilently,luckyluckily,suddensuddenly,busybusilyexactexactly,neatneatly,noi

28、synoisily,successfulsuccessfully,terribleterribly,truetruly,等。注意：earlyearly,fastfast,goodwell等。考例：2005年扬州市Be careful, or you wont work out the physics problem _.(easy)分析：所给的词easy为形容词，根据句意可知，应用副词修饰动词work out，因此应填easy的副词 easily。3.考查形容词转换成名词参见“名词转换为形容词”注意：illillness foreignforeigner highheight truetrut

29、h 考例：2005年南京市When he saw the boy was in danger, Edison rushed out and carried him to _ (safe).分析：所给的词safe为形容词，根据句意可知，应用名词作介词to的宾语，即应填safe的名词 safety。五对副词的考查1.考查副词的比较级/最高级(1).副词比较级/最高级的规则变化一般单音节的副词在词尾加-er/-est 例如：fastfaster/est,hardharder/est,longlonger/est,loudlouder/est,highhigher/est,soonsonner/est

30、注意：earlyearlier/est多音节副词和部分双音节副词，须在词前加more/most。例如：angrilymore/most angrily 此外还有：quietly,quickly,sadly, slowly,widely,suddenly,happily,politly,clearly,often,carefully, carelessly,luckily等。(2).副词比较级/最高级的不规则变化wellbetterbest, badlyworseworst,farfartherfurther/farthestfurthest考例：2005年南京市 Mike and I started to learn painting at the same time, but now he can paint much _ (good) than I.分析：所给的词good为形容词，根据句意可知，应用副词的比较级，即应填good的副词 well的比较better。2.考查副词转换成形容词中考中不常出现。六对动词的考查1.考查动词转换成名词动词转换成名词常见的有：(1).动词+er名词 workworker,teachteacher,keepkeeper,paintpainter,sellse