代词是代替名词的词类大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能英语.docx

1、代词是代替名词的词类大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能英语代词是代替名词的词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词、不定代词。一 人称代词：代替具体人名的词叫人称代词。它有一、二、三人称与单数、复数及性别之分，还有主格与宾格之分。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化：（1）WhosKate?凯特是谁？Shesmyfriend.她是我的朋友。注：she代替上文中的Kate，而不能再用Kate来重复回答：Kateismyfriend.（2）LiLeiisaboy.Hestwelve.李雷是个男孩，他十二岁。注：h

2、e代替前句中的李雷。（3）Lookatthatbird.ItisPolly.看那只鸟，它是波利。注：it代替前句中的thatbird。（4）Whosit?（门外有敲门声）谁呀？Itsme.是我。人称代词的用法 1）人称代词的主格在句子中作主语。例如：Heisstudent.他是一个学生。 2）人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语.)例如：Isawherwiththematleast,Ithoughtitwasher.我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。（her做宾语，them做介词宾语，her做主语补语）-Whobrokethevase?-谁打碎了花瓶？-Me.-

3、我。（me做主语补语=Itsme.）难点：主格和宾格的区别用法主格做句子主语，而宾格作为动词或者介词的宾语。(动宾结构或者介宾结构)例如：Giveittome.（宾格）Iloveyou.（主格）3).并列人称代词的排列顺序单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：第二人称第三人称第一人称，即youhe/she;it-I。例如：You,heandIshouldreturnontime.复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：第一人称第二人称第三人称，即weyouthey。巩固练习：用适当的人称代词填空。（前后两句人称与数保持一致）（1）MynameisAmy._amAmy.（2）OurnamesareAmya

4、ndGina._areAmyandGina.（3）HisnameisTim._isTim.（4）HernameisAlice._isAlice.（5）TheirnamesareTimandAlice._areTimandAlice.（6）YournameisLiPeng._areLiPeng.（7）YournamesareLiPengandLiLei._areLiPengandLiLei.（8）ItsnameisMimi._isMimi.代词it的用法指代前面提到过的事物。如：Thebookonthedeskisnotmine.ItisJims.指代指示代词this或that.如：-Whats

5、that?-Itisapen.指代婴儿或不明身份的人.如：Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Pleasegoandseewhoitis.指代时间或季节如：-Whatisthetimenow?-Itstenoclock.指代天气如：-Whatstheweatherliketoday?-Itssunny.指代距离如：Howfarisitfromyourschooltoyourhome?用作形式主语，常用语下列句型中Itis+adj.+(for/ofsb.)todosth.例句:Itiseasyformetofinishthehomework.Itisimportantforus

6、toworkhard.Itstimetodo/for/that.例句：Itstimeforeatinglunch.Itstimetogetup/forlunch/thatwewenthome.二、物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词，可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词一般放在所修饰名词的前面，同时它们也有人称和数的变化。形容词性物主代词的前后是不出现冠词的，这是在书写句子时最容易犯的错误。如：myfather,hisdesk,ourroom,theirnames,youraunt等。用法形容词性物主代词起形容词作用，在句中只能作定语，也就是说它后面必须跟一

7、个名词。如：Thisismybike.这是我的自行车。MissGaoisourEnglishteacher.高小姐是我们的英语老师。Idontknowhername.我不知道她的名字。即：形容词性物主代词名词【例】Sheisastudentand?nameisKate.A.she?B.her?C.hers?D.his名词性物主代词名词性物主代词相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词.如:-Isthisyourbook？-No,itisnt,itshers(herbook).Thisbookismine.=Thisismybook.Jims,Toms,Marias则是名词所有格。巩固练习

8、：一、用代词的适当形式填空1Thereisaletterfor_(her、hers)mother.2Thatis_(she)coat.Thecoatisred.?_(its)isanewone.3Whosepensarethese?_(their)are_(we).4Give_(he)atoy,please.5_(we)eyesareblack.6TimandBillaretwins._(them)parentsareteachers.7Givethebookto_(I).8Thesebooksare_(we).9Thatisnot_kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but_i

9、sverybig.(I)10Thedressis_.Giveitto_.(she)11Isthis_watch?(you)No,itsnot_.(I)12_ismybrother._nameisJack.Look!Thosestampsare_.(he)二、用适当的人称代词填空：1.?_?is?my?aunt.?We?often?visit?_.(she)2.Whatdayis_today?_isThursday.(its)3.Thesenewhousesaresonice._areveryexpensive.(them)4.LingLingisagirl._studiesinaprimary

10、school._brotherliveswith_andhelps_with_lessons.(she)5.Katewantsaglassofmilk.Willyoupassitto_?(she)三、用合适的代词填空1._(我)amastudent._(我的)nameisGina.Thisis_(我的)sister.Thispencilis_(我的).Whereis_(我的)schoolbag?(我的)_isonthedesk.(我的)_favoritesubjectisscience.2、Do_(你)haveasoccerball?Isthis_(你的)pencil？Do_(你)likeba

11、nanas?Whenis_(你的)birthday?Whatis_(你的)favoritesubject?Whois_(你的)P.E.teacher.Whydo_(你)likeP.E.?Whenis_(你的)P.E.class?Whereis_(你的)schoolbag?(你的)_isonthedesk.3.Is_(他)Alan?Whats_(他的)lastname?Whats_(他的)phonenumber?_(他的)fatherisateacher._(他)oftenplaysbasketball.Whenis_(他的)birthday?Whatis_(他的)favoritesubject

12、?Whois_(他的)musicteacher.Whydoes_(他)likeP.E.?Whenis_(他的)musicclass?Thissoccerballis_(他的).Whereis_(他的)schoolbag?(他的)_isonthedesk.4.Is_(她)Helen?Whats_(她的)lastname?Whats_(她的)phonenumber?_(她的)fatherisateacher._(她)oftenplaystennisafterschool.Whenis_(她的)birthday?Whatis_(她的)favoritesubject?Whois_(她的)musicte

13、acher.Whydoes_(她)likeP.E.?Whenis_(她的)musicclass?Thisping-pongbatis_(她的).Whereis_(她的)schoolbag?(她的)_isonthedesk.5._(我们)arelate.Pleaselet_(我们)playsoccer.6._(我们的)classroomisbig._(你们的)issmall.7_(他们)aremyparents.Ilove_(他们)verymuch.Whats_(他们的)names?三、指示代词指示代词的基本用法:指示代词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语：指示代词分单数(this/that)和复

14、数(these/those)两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词，例如：单数复数限定词：ThisgirlisMary.Thosemenaremyteachers.代词：ThisisMary.Thosearemyteachers.如：Thisisyoursandthatismine.这是你的，那是我的。（作主语）Iwantthisbook,notthatbook.我要这本书，不是那本书。（作定语）Iliketheseandhelikesthose.我喜欢这些，他喜欢那些。（作宾语） 表替代的that与those有时为了避免重复，可用that和those代替前面提到的名词：如：Thepopulatio

15、nofChinaismuchlargerthatthatofJapan.中国人口比日本人口多得多。(that=thepopulation)HisviewsareclosetothoseoftheSocialistParty.他的观点接近社会党的观点。(those=theviews)巩固练习：一、句型转换：1.Thisisayellowbus.(改为复数句)_yelllow_.二、用所给的词选择填空1、Thesearepensand_arepencils.(that,this,those)2、Tomwassickyesterday._iswhyhemissedschool.(That,Those

16、,These)3、Whichof_shirtsareToms(These,this,that)4、Thisdeskismine,_ishers.(those,this,that)5、ThemapofBeijingisbetterthan_ofTianjing.(this,that,these)三、填空1.Ilike_pants._pantsarered.(这些)2.Idontlike_shoes._shoesaretoosmall.(那些)3.Iwant_(这个)sweater.Idontwant_(那个)sweater._(那个)istoobig.四、英汉互译。1.这支钢笔2.那些英语书3.

17、theseerasers4.thatcar五、选择。()1._penisred._pencilisgreen.A.this,thatB.These,qThoseC.That,ThoseD.This,That()2.Is_apandaoverthere?A.thisB.thatC.thoseD.these()3._twoboysareMr.Greenssons.A.ThisB.TheseC.ThatD.those()4._twogirlsareMaryandLinda.A.ThisB.TheyC.ThatD.Those()5._isMr.Whiteand_ismyfather.A.This,th

18、oseB.That,theseC.These,theseD.This,thisq四、反身代词英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。其基本形式如下表所示：数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves【用法展现】1可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。如：Mariaboughtherselfascarf.玛丽亚给自己买了一条围巾。Wemustlookafterourselvesverywell.我们必须好好照顾自

19、己。2可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。如：Sheisntquiteherselftoday.她今天有点不舒服。3可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。如：SheherselfwillflytoLondontomorrow.明天她自己将要坐飞机去伦敦。Imetthewriterhimselflastweek.我上周见到了那位作家本人。4用在某些固定短语当中。如：lookafteroneself/takecareofoneself照顾自己teachoneselfsth./learnsth.byoneself自学enjoyoneself玩得高兴，过得愉快helponese

20、lftosth请自用（随便吃/喝些）.hurtoneself摔伤自己saytooneself自言自语loseoneselfin沉浸于，陶醉于之中leavesb.byoneself把某人单独留下buyoneselfsth.给自己买东西introduceoneself介绍自己【温馨提醒】 1、反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。如：我自己能完成作业。（误）Myselfcanfinishmyhomework.(正)Imyselfcanfinishmyhomework./Icanfinishmyhomeworkmyself.2、反身代词表示“某人自己”，不能表示“某人的东西”，因

21、为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用onesown.如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。（误）Imdrawingwithmyselfcrayons.(正)Imdrawingwithmyowncrayons.巩固练习;一选择。1.Thosegirlsenjoyed_inthepartylastnight.A.themB.theyC.themselvesD.herself2.Help_tosomefish,children.A.yourselfB.yourC.yoursD.yourselves3.Thefilm_isveryfun.A.itsB.itselfC.itD.its4.Who

22、teaches_math?Iteach_.A.your,myselfB.you,myselfC.you,meD.you,herself5.Thefatherwillmake_abike_.A.her,himselfB.she,himselfC.her,herselfD.she,herself6.Thescarfis_,shemadeit_.A.herself,herB.herself,hersC.hers,herselfD.her,herself7.LiuHulansdeathwasgreat.Shethoughtmoreofothersthan_.A.herB.sheC.hersD.hers

23、elf8.Luckily,hedidnthurt_terriblyyesterday.A.himB.themselvesC.himselfD.they9.Icantmendmyshoe_.Canyoumenditfor?A.myself,meB.myself,IC.me,ID.I,me10.Ilikewatchinginthemirror.A.meB.IC.myD.Myself11.Hi,Judy.Hi,Jason.Comein.Make_athome.A.yourselfB.usC.yourselvesD.you12.Mumoftenwarnstheboy_swim_intheseabeca

24、useitsdangerous.A.dont,aloneB.not,byhimselfC.notto,byhimselfD.notto,lonely13.LiLeiandLinTaoareworkingharderthanbeforetoimprove_.A.themselvesB.himselfC.theirD.theirs14.YesterdayIsaw_enjoy_inthepark.A.her,hersB.they,themC.She,herselfD.them,themselves15.Itwasnotgoodforthemothertoleaveherlittlesonallby_

25、.A.yourselfB.himselfC.herselfD.itself16.Marymakesall_dresses.A.herselfB.herselfsC.hersD.herown17.Dontbeworried.Shewillcome_verysoon.A.byherselfB.toherselfC.backherselfD.alltoherself二、根据上下文用适当的代词填空：1.Maryfinished_workallby_.2.Mumisout,sowehavetolookafter_.3.Help_tothefruit!Isaidtothetwins.4.Ihavebrought_lunchhere.Hav