涉外合同英语特色开题报告.docx

1、涉外合同英语特色开题报告涉外合同英语特色开题报告 篇一：涉外合同的英语语言特色 摘 要 实务中有不少涉外经济合同纠纷是因各方对合同文字的理解不一而引起的,究其原因,主要是起草者对合同语言的特殊性缺乏应有的了解,结果导致合同语言的模糊性和不确定性。本文从词法、句法及应用等三个层面对英文经贸合同语言的特殊性及其变化规律进行探讨,以期能有助于对此类合同的阅读和起草。 关键词：涉外合同；语言特征；阅读和起草 ABSTRACT In practice, the occurrence of inconsistency in interpretation of the contract English ha

2、s resulted in a good few cases of disputes. In essence, it is largely due to the draftsmans failure to have a deep-in understanding of the underlying features of the contract language, which might lead to the ambiguities and uncertainties of the contract wording. This paper tries to analyze the ling

3、uistic features of English business contracts at the morphological, syntactical and discourse levels respectively with a view to rendering a help in the reading and drafting the contracts. Keywords：contract English ; language features; reading anddrafting Contents 1. Introduction . 1 2. Literature r

4、eview . 2 Study of contract . 2 Study of legal English . 3 Study of contract English . 3 The study of the stylistic features of contract English in China . 4 3. The language features of contract English . 6 The lexical features . 6 Formal words . 6 Archaic Words . 7 Synonyms . 8 Abbreviations . 8 Th

5、e syntax features . 9 Active voice . 9 Present tense . 10 Shall+verb . 10 The sentential features . 11 Declarative sentences . 11 Long sentences . 12 Conditional clauses . 13 4. Implications . 15 Implication for reading contract English . 15 Implication for drafting contract . 16 5. Conclusion . 17

6、Acknowledgements . 错误！未定义书签。 References . 18 1. Introduction Language is much more than merely a means of communication. It is also a way of signaling, consciously or unconsciously, that we come from a particular area, or belong to a certain social group.151 Every field of expertise develops its own

7、 language features.236 The language of English used in contracts, or contract English, is an important branch of legal English. Legal English means the language of the law of England, America, and some other countries whose official language is English. These common law system countries have a histo

8、ry about several hundred years to express law in English. Legal English is a type of legal language with overlap of linguistics and the science of law. 36 With Chinas carrying out the policy to promote reform and opening to the outside world, the establishment of market economy, the rapid developmen

9、t of our communication with foreign countries and Chinas entry to the WTO, there are more and more opportunities for us to communicate with those countries whose official language is English. When communicating with individuals, legal persons or other organizations from the English speaking countrie

10、s, we often need to sign English contracts with them. Contract plays an important role in international economic and trade activities, as all achievements thereof will be finally embodied in it. How to correctly draft and understand contract language is of great importance to individuals and busines

11、s organizations. There are a few books and papers dedicated to general principles of stylistic features of English for law, but none addresses questions of contract English in sufficient detail to be of significant practical use to the English contract learners in China. My dissertation attempts to

12、present a comparatively detailed analysis of stylistic features of contract English with the expectation to better help contract learners or businessmen understand and draft English contract. 2. Literature review Study of contract Contract English, like English as a whole, is not static. It has unde

13、rgone and is still undergoing enormous changes. The definition of contracts given by Karla C. Shippey4155: A Commercial Contract, in simplest terms, is merely an agreement made by two or more parties for the purpose of transacting business. In the eye of scholars the word contract is used in common

14、speech, which simply refers to a writing containing terms on which the parties have agreed. Contract is often used in a more technical sense to mean “a promise, or a set of promises for the breach of which the law gives a remedy, or the performance of which the law in some way recognizes a duty.” Pu

15、t quite simply, a contract is an agreement which the courts will enforce. 55 A contract, in the simplest definition, is a promise enforceable by law. The promise may be to do something or to refrain from doing something. The making of a contract requires the mutual assent of two or more persons, one

16、 of them ordinarily making an offer and another accepting. If one of the parties fails to keep the promise, the other is entitled to legal recourse against him. The law of contracts has to do with such questions as whether a contract exists, what the meaning of it is, whether a contract has been bro

17、ken, and what compensation is due the injured party.66 Many contracts use the word agreement in the title. In some contexts the two words, contract and agreement, are synonyms and can be used interchangeably. While contract and agreement may both be used to mean a formal and legally enforceable arra

18、ngement, agreement may also refer to an informal arrangement not supported by consideration, such as an agreement between friends to play tennis on Saturday morning. So an agreement is really the main ingredient of a contract. But it is not every agreement that becomes a contract. To be a contract,

19、that agreement must be enforceable in taw.篇二：浅谈涉外合同英语特色 摘 要 在国际经济贸易活动中，商务合同是一种重要的法律文件依据,商贸英语已成为必不可少的语言交际工具,它也是英文经济贸易合同的基点。国际商务合同的种类繁多，涉及面广，内容复杂。这类合同都是涉外交易性质，有其自身的特点，即条理性、规范性和专业性。商务合同对翻译的质量提出很高的要求，也增加了其难度。本文用大量的例句，对商务合同英语的准确性、严谨性、规范性做了浅显的分析。并且简单介绍了涉外合同英语严肃、正式与严谨、准确两方面的特点，并从词汇的角度论证古体词与比较正式的词语使沙外合同英语严肃

20、、正式;成对词、词语重复则使涉外合同英语严谨、准确。 关键词：涉外英语合同 专业 严谨 规范 目录 前言 . 3 第一章 涉外合同英语结构特点 . 4 第二章 涉外合同英语的用词特点 . 5 （一）用词正式 . 5 （二）用词专业 . 6 （三）古词语的使用 . 7 （四）外来语 . 8 （五）关键性的词常采用同义词连用，避免一词多义 . 9 （六） 同义词和近义词并列 . 9 第三章 涉外合同英语的用语特点 . 10 （一）多用主动语态，少用被动语态 . 10 （二）多用现在时，少用将来时，尽管很多条款规定的是合同签 订以后的事项 . 11 （三）直接表达方式用得多，间接表达方式用的较少 .

21、 11 （四）尽量使用一个动词，避免使用“动词+名词+介词”的同意 短语 . 12 第三章 涉外合同英语的句子特点 . 12 （一）句子冗长，结构复杂 . 12 （二）句子中状语的位置 . 13 结语 . 14 参考文献 . 15 浅谈涉外合同英语特色 前言 语言学界的功能主义认为，语言是人类的交际工具，是人类社会生活的一个部分。社会生活的复杂多样性以及语言使用的环境的多样性决定了语言并不是刻板、毫无变化和差别的统一体，而是一个包括多种语体的复合体。根据交际领域和社会功能的不同，英语可分为科技体英语、文学体英语、新闻报道体英语、广告体英语、法律体英语、宗教体英语和公文体英语等等。著名的语言学家指出，“人类行为中有多少个专门系统，就有多少套语言，就有多少套同特殊的语言联系在一起的社会行为”。每一套特殊的语言实际上就是一种不同的语体，不同的语体在句法、词汇等方面有不同的特征。合同属于法律性文献。合同涉及公司企业间的合同契约、合资经营到个人间的租借房屋、参加人寿保险、赊购货物等等，所有这些活动，都要有一种