专题311 定语从句讲义.docx

1、专题311 定语从句讲义3.11定语从句中考&高考真题速递中考真题链接高考真题链接单项选择 1.（2018广西玉林）Who got the First-ever Friendship Medal(友谊勋章) of China?Its Putin _ everybody knows so well in the world.A. whom B. what C. which D. whose 【答案】 A 【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：谁曾获得了中国的友谊勋章？是普京，世界上每个人都对他很了解。由于先行词是人，而且在逻辑上要充当从句谓语动词know的宾语，故选whom。2.（2018广西柳州

2、）This is the most exciting match _ I have ever watched. A. who B. which C. that【答案】C【解析】解析：考查定语从句关系代词的选择。，句意：这是我曾经看过的最兴奋的比赛。先行词是match，排除A，先行词是被最高级修饰的时候，关系代词必须是that，故选C。3.(2018辽宁辽阳) The four tools people use for Chinese handwriting are called “Four Treasures of Study”.A. that B. who C. what D. whom【答

3、案】A【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：这四种人们用来写书法的工具被称为“文房四宝”。先行词The four tools是物，所以此处应与物有关。4. （2018贵州贵阳）Amy is a creative lady set up a website to sell handbags made of old jeans. A. who B. which C. where【答案】 A【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：艾米是一个很有创意的女孩，她建立了一个网站来买她用旧的牛仔裤做的手提包。本句中，先行词lady为人，故定语从句的关系词用who。 5. (2018辽宁盘锦)A true frie

4、nd is a person _ reaches for your hand and touches your heart.A. whom B. whose C. who D. which【答案】 C【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：一个真正的朋友是向你伸手触动心灵的人。分析句子结构可知，修饰先行词是“人”，且在从句中做主语，应用who引导。故选C。6.(2018 吉林长春) Jack likes being with the classmates _ are outgoing and kind. A. where B. which C. when D. who【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从

5、句。句意：杰克喜欢和外向而且善良的同学在一起。该句的先行词classmates指人，因此用who作为关系代词引导定语从句。故选D。7.(2018内蒙古呼和浩特)14.Do you like the weekly talk show，The Readers，on CCTV?SureIt s a great TV program _ purpose is to bring the habit of reading back into the publicA. which B. that B. what D. whose【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：你喜欢中央电视台的每周谈话节目还是朗读者

6、吗？当然喜欢。它是一个其目的是把阅读习惯带会给大众的伟大的电视节目。此定语从句中，whose“谁的”修饰 purpose。8. （2018贵州贵阳）Amy is a creative lady set up a website to sell handbags made of old jeans.A. who B. which C. where【答案】 A【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：艾米是一个很有创意的女孩，她建立了一个网站来买她用旧的牛仔裤做的手提包。本句中，先行词lady为人，故定语从句的关系词用who。 9. (2018辽宁盘锦)A true friend is a person

7、 _ reaches for your hand and touches your heart.A. whom B. whose C. who D. which【答案】 C【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：一个真正的朋友是向你伸手触动心灵的人。分析句子结构可知，修饰先行词是“人”，且在从句中做主语，应用who引导。故选C。10.(2018 吉林长春) Jack likes being with the classmates _ are outgoing and kind. A. where B. which C. when D. who【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：杰克喜欢和外向而

8、且善良的同学在一起。该句的先行词classmates指人，因此用who作为关系代词引导定语从句。故选D。11.(2018内蒙古呼和浩特)14.Do you like the weekly talk show，The Readers，on CCTV?SureIt s a great TV program _ purpose is to bring the habit of reading back into the publicC. which B. that D. what D. whose【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：你喜欢中央电视台的每周谈话节目还是朗读者吗？当然喜欢。它是一个其

9、目的是把阅读习惯带会给大众的伟大的电视节目。此定语从句中，whose“谁的”修饰 purpose。1.2019全国I改错One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【答案】where-when【解析】此句明显交代事情发生的时间背景，读到此处还是能明显读出问题，所以where改成when。2. （2019全国II语法填空）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield

10、， _62_ she opened with her late husband Les.【解析】which：考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。3.（2019年天津选择）.Their child is at the stage_ she can say individual words but not full sentences.A. why B. whereC. which D. what【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she c

11、an say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。4.（2019江苏选择）.We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. which B. what C. when D. that【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关

12、系词用when。 故选C。5.(江苏高考)Many young people，most of _were welleducated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 【答案】whom【解析】考查定语从句的用法。句意：很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐他们的梦想，他们中的很多人都受过良好教育。根据句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为Many young people，作介词of的宾语，故要用whom。6(天津高考)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，_ the w

13、eather may be better. 【答案】when【解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。考查定语从句。先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语，所以用when7(天津高考)One day，mentally exhausted，I wrote down all the reasons _ this problem could not be solved. 【答案】why【解析】句意：一天，精疲力竭，我写下这个问题不能解决的所有原因。考查定语从句。从句缺少原因状语，用why引导。8(浙江高考)Scientists have advan

14、ced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of _ has been proved. 【答案】which【解析】句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个得到了证明。考查定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句中用“代词介词关系代词which”引导。9(浙江高考)I made friends with the natives，and their reaction amazed me.They gave me presents of their favorite artworks _ th

15、ey had refused to sell to tourists. 【答案】which【解析】句意：我和当地人交朋友，他sell后缺少宾语，用关系代词which。 10(四川高考)One important biological factor_helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 【答案】that/which【解析】factor后带有定语从句，关系代词作主语，用that/which。11.(北京高考)I live next door to a couple _children

16、often make a lot of noise. 【答案】whose【解析】句中指的是那对夫妻的孩子，用whose 引导定语从句。12(北京高考)So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo，_ they are treated with calcium EDTA，a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. 【答案】where【解析】先行词为地点，从句用where 引导作状语。13.(全国)A nurse _ understan

17、ds the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 【答案】who【解析】先行词为人，用who 在从句中作主语，引导定语从句。14(全国)I had one trip last year_I was caught by a hurricane in America. 【答案】where【解析】此处last year 为干扰性内容，从句表达得是我在路途中被困，故先行词为trip

18、, 用where=in which 引导定语从句。中考&高考考点解读中考英语考点解读高考英语考点解读定语从句是中学英语语法中的一个重要项目。中考英语对定语从句的考查主要集中在关系代词方面。考查常规用法。不会考查特例。关系代词主要集中在which/that/whomWhose很少考。定语从句是高考英语每年考查的重点和热点。高考主要考查关系代词引导的定语从句、关系副词引导的定语从句、关系代词as和which引导的非限制性定语从句以及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。近几年高考热衷于考查关系副词where引导的定语从句，并且有时先行词不是表示具体的地点，而是“模糊化”的情况、处境、场合，如case、

19、condition、situation、position、point、stage等。比如：We have reached a point where a change is needed. （我们到了需要改变的地步了。） 高考通常只考查where和when引导的定语从句。选择关系词的关键是看先行词在定语从句中作何成分，如果定语从句主干成分完整，不缺少主语和宾语，则先行词在定语从句中作状语，再根据先行词是地点还是时间来选择where或when。 在由as、which引导的非限制性定语从句中，as和which可代替整个主句或主句的一部分内容，as意为“正如，就像，据”，which意为“这，这一点”

20、。基础知识梳理定语从句定语从句总体逻辑图基本概念定语从句，一个句子跟在一名词或代词(先行词)后进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。通俗来讲，从句在整个句子中做定语，这个从句就叫做定语从句。先行词定语从句在句中作定语，修饰名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。引导词定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who,whom, whose, that, which，as等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分，先行词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whos

21、e）；先行词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词（where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）。关系词在定语从句中作的句子成分：限定性定语从句中的关系代词指代对象作主语作宾语作定语人Who/thatWhom/that（可省略）whose物Which/thatWhich/that（可省略）whose人/物thatthatwhose非限制性定语从句中的关系代词指代对象作主语作宾语作定语人whowhomWhose/of whom物whichwhichWhose/of which1. 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分

22、。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语或宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose可指人或物,修饰名词或代词,在定语从句中充当定语。“whose+名词”可改为“the+名词+of which/whom”或“o

23、f which/whom the+名词”。 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人的车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny,are prizes for us.桌子上的这些书是给我们的奖品,它们的封面很亮。His presence meant that I had an unexpected tea

24、ching assistant in class whose activity would infect(感染) other students.他在场意味着在课堂上我有一位意想不到的助教,他的活动将感染其他学生。The house whose windows are very large is my uncles.=The house of which the windows are very large is my uncles.那个窗子非常大的房子是我叔叔的。3）which, that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。The package (which/th

25、at) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which/that在句中作宾语） 2. 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用。why 指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,可用for which来替代。why不可引导非限制性定语从句。There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

26、 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 The house where/in which he lives is near the river.他住的房子在河边。3. 限制性和非限制性定语从句 1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。 This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）

27、 The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） 2）当先行词是专有名词或有物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 This novel, which

28、 I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 3）非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。 说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从

29、句。5. 介词+关系词 (1) 介词后面的关系词不能省略；(2) that前不能有介词； (3) 关系副词when，where，why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此，常常可以和“介词|+which”结构交替使用。 This is the house where (in which) I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。 Do you remember the day when (on which) you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？6. 关系代词that的用法 (1) 不用that的情况： 引导非限定性定语

30、从句时。 The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.（错） 介词后不能用that。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。 We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. (2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况： 在不定代词，如anything，nothing，the one，all，much，few，any，little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。例如：All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。先行词有the only，the very修饰时，只用that。例如：He is the only person that attended the meeting. 他是唯一参加这个会议的人。先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时，只用that。例如：This is the most exciting film I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最令人兴奋的电影。先行词既