中考英语语法讲解资料及练习共18讲.docx

1、中考英语语法讲解资料及练习共18讲中考英语语法讲解资料及练习（共18讲）第1讲：名词名词当然是大家都很熟悉的了，我们吃的food，喝的drinks，穿的clothes 都是名词。It is easy, right? 但是你可能被名词的单复数变化、名词作定语以及名词所有格等问题搞得糊里糊涂的，到底该怎么用呢？OK,follow me。 First, 名词复数的特殊变化。 普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或 -es，可是偏偏有一些名词不听话，变化不规则。这些小调皮是： a. class, box, watch, brush等词以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾，复数要加-es； b. stor

2、y, factory 等以辅音字母+y结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es； c. knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe变为-v, 再加-es； d. 以-o结尾的名词，一般来说，末尾是元音字母+o 的词加-s，我们学过的有radio,zoo。末尾是辅音字母+o的词，变复数加-es。如：tomato, hero, potato，当然其中的piano 和photo，又是一个例外，他们的结尾只能加-s。 e. child（children）, foot（feet）, tooth（teeth）, mouse（mice）, man（men ）, wom

3、an（women ）等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。 注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；f. deer，sheep等词更是懒得可以，竟然单复数同形。好记好记。 people，police，cattle 等词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数，所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式，这就是集体名词。the English，the French，the Chinese等名词表示国民总称时，也作复数用。 注意：maths，politics，phy

4、sics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾，仍为不可数名词。还有theUnited States(美国），the United Nations（联合国）等应视为单数。 别奇怪，名词有时也可以作定语的。它作定语时一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 a. man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如：menworkers， women teachers。 b. 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如：a ten-mile walk十里路，two-hundred trees 两百棵树。 哇！这些问题好复杂，我好想轻松一下。那我们就轻轻松松地面对名词所有格问题。

5、 这里面内容可谓少之又少，可也不能小视呦。 名词所有格： 表示“的”通常是在名词的后面加-s，如：Childrens day，fathers shoes。但以-s结尾的名词因为已经有s了，只需加 就OK了。如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，.则表示“分别有”。.如：Johns and Marys room（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；两个名词并列，只有一个s，则表示共有。如：John and Marys room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）。还有些无生命名词的所属要用介词of来帮助一下，如：a map of China，the end of this term。 好，名词部分我们已经学完，Its a

6、 piece of cake? 接下来到了我们趁热打铁的时间了， Are you ready? 练习： 1. All the _teachers and_students are having a meeting there. A. women girls B. women girl C. womangirls D. womangirl 2. Mr Black is a friend of _. A. Jacks aunts B. Jacks aunt C. Jack aunts D. aunts of Jack 3. This toy was made by a _ boy. A. ten-

7、year-old B. ten-years-old C. ten-year-older D.ten-years-older 4. The farmer raised ten _. A. sheeps B. deers C. horse D. cows 5. She looked at us sadly with her eyes as large as_. A. her grandmother B. her grandmothers C. her grandmothers D. that of her grandmother 6. We have moved into a _. A. two-

8、 storey house B. house of two storey C. two-storeys house D. two storeys house 7. The _ was too much for the child to carry. A. boxs steel B. box of a steel C. steel box D. box of the steel 8. Well give our English teacher a card for _. A. the Teachers Day B. Teachers Day C. a Teachers Day D. Teache

9、rs Day 9. Li Ping met an old friend of _on a train yesterday. A. he B. him C. his D. her 10. _are big and bright. A. The classroom window B. The window of the classroom C. The windows of the classroom D. The classrooms windows 实战： 1. Dont worry. Your son will come back in _hour. A. a B. an C. the D.

10、 / 2. This nice blouse isnt mine. Its _. A. you B. your C. Lucy D. yours 3. Whats potato in Chinese?Its _ . A. 香蕉 B. 大白菜 C. 西红柿 D. 土豆 4. The ninth month of a year is _. A. December B. November C. September D. October 5. A: Must I leave now? B: No, you _. A. neednt B. mustnt C. dont D. wont 6. We hav

11、e a history lesson _Wednesday afternoon. A. on B. of C. at D. to 7. Suan has made quite _friends since she came to China. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 8. A: Have you ever _to the West Lake? B: Yes, I _there last winter. A. gone, went B. been, went C. gone , have been D. been, have 9. Do you

12、 _English? A. tell B. say C. talk D. speak 10. A: May I _your ruler? B: OK, Im glad to _it to you. A. lend, borrow B. lend, lend C. borrow , lend D. borrow, borrow 11. Well go to the museum if it _tomorrow. A. cant rain B. wont rain C. dont rain D. doesnt rian 12. Do you know _? A. where does he stu

13、dy B. he studies where C. where he studies D. he where studies 13. A: _do you go to see your grandparents? B: Once a month A. How often B. How long C. how much D. how many 14. A: Would you like another cup of orange? B: _Im full. A. No, thanks B. Yes, please. C. Here it is. D. I dont like. 15. You m

14、ust be tired. Why not _a rest? A. to stop to have B. stop having C. stop to have D. to stop having第2讲：代词 我们刚刚讲完了名词，现在再来看看名词的brother代词。它与名词的作用其实很相似，所担当的句中成分也相差不多。 但也别小看代词呀！它还有很多的“小个性”呢！只要抓住它的几个“小脾气”，那么你就可以牢牢地掌握它了。 代词中第一个“小个性”就是物主代词。像my和mine这两个小冤家总是让人分不清谁是谁。但你只要记住它们最重要的区别my的后面一定要接名词，不可以单独出现，只能做定语，如：my

15、 father；而 mine则是名词性，只能单独出现，在句中做主语和表语。如：Mine is green. Its mine. 记住这两个句子，凡是名词性物主代词（yours, hers, his, its, ours, theirs）就都可以放在mine的位置上了。这样，通过它们出现的位置不同，我们就可以把它们区别开了。 代词的第二个“罗嗦”就是它有一个小跟班self(selves)反身代词，也就是表示“自己、亲自”的意思。关于反身代词，需要注意的是她不能单独做主语，但可以放在人称代词后面，做同位语。如：Marry herself said so. 玛丽她自己这么说的。（不能说Herself

16、 said so.）下面我给你开点小灶，单独讲一讲须“特特”注意的地方。 Of+名词性物主代词：of +物主代词构成双重所有格。公式为：a（an, this, that ）+名词+of +名词性物主代词。牢记公式，举一反三。因为物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, no, each,every, such, another等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。如： a friend of mine（我的一个朋友），each brother of his（他的每一个兄弟）. some, any的用法：我们都知道some用

17、于肯定句中，而any则用于否定句和疑问句中。 所以somebody，someone也用于肯定句中，而anybody、anyone则用于否定和疑问句中。 注意：在Would youlike some coffee?（要来点咖啡吗？）这样的肯定疑问句中，说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时，用some而不用any。 every 和each的用法：every 强调全体的概念，指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，不可单独使用；each强调个体概念。指两个以上的人或物 (含两个)，可单独使用.。Every student in our school works hard.（我们学校的学生都很用

18、功。） Each student may have one book. （每个学生都可有一本书。） both, either, neither的用法： both意为“两者全都”，与复数连用。either意为“两者中间的任何一个”，neither 表示“两者之间一个也不是”，与单数连用。如：Both of the them come from London。他们两人都是伦敦人。 You may take either with you。 两个中间你随便带哪个都行。 Neither is correct。 两个都不对。 Few，a few和little，a little的用法： Few，a few

19、用来代替和修饰可数名词，little，a little用来代替和修饰不可数名词;a few和a little 着重肯定意思，相当于汉语“有几个”，“有一点儿”；few和little 着重否定意思，相当于汉语 “没有几个”，“没有多少” OK，代词部分我们已经学完，Its a piece of cake? 接下来到了我们趁热打铁的时间了， Are you ready? 练习： 1. We had plenty of paper but_ink. A. a few B. few C. not many D. not much 2. Learning a foreign language is es

20、pecially difficult for those who have have never learned _before. A. one B. it C. them D. that 3. Were very busy because weve so _books to read and so _homework to do every day. A. much . many B. many . much C. many . a lot D. a lot . much 4. I thought _of the matter but still couldnt find out the r

21、eason. A. every B. both C. nothing D. everything 5. My car is not so expensive as _. A. him B. hes C. he D. his 6. Lily and Lucy have arrived，but _students arent here yet. A. other B. others C. the other D. the others 7. There are high buildings on _side of the street. A. both B. every C. any D.eith

22、er 8. What do you usually have for breakfast? _eggs and _milk. A Little . a few B. A little . a little C. A few . a little D. A few . a few 9. _ is difficult in the world if you put your heart into it. A. Something B. Anything C. Nothing D. Everything 10. Is this story the same as _in that book? A.

23、the one B. what C. that D. it 实战： 1. There is _old woman in the car. A. 不填 B. the C. a D. an 2. We often go to the park _Sundays. A. on B. in C. at D. from 3. My book _on the desk. A. is B. am C. are D. be 4. Which language is _, English, French or Chinese? A. difficult B. the difficult C. more diff

24、icult D. the most difficult 5. _book is this? Its Kates. A. when B. Why C. Where D. whose 6.Can you write a letter in English? No, I _. A. may not B. mustnt C. cant D. neednt 7. I _my homework when Mike came last night. A. do B. was doing C. am doing D. have done 8. He began to _English three years

25、ago. A. learn B. learns C. learned D. learning 9. Jim is a driver, _he? A. does B. doesnt C. is D. isnt 10. Whats wrong _you? the doctor asked. A. from B. with C. for D. at 11. He is rich, _he isnt happy. A. or B. so C. and D. but 12.Where is Alice? She _to the library. A. goes B. will go C. has gon

26、e D. had gone 13. Help _to some fish, Mary. My aunt said to me. A. themselves B. ourselves C. yourself D. himself 14. Well stay at home if it _tomorrow. A. rain B. rains C. is raining D. will rain 15. The students _on a farm for ten days. Then they_to a factory. Though they_back school, they still r

27、emember those farmers and workers. A. have stayed, went , was B. had stayed, go , are C. have stayed, go, have been D. have stayed, went, were第3讲：形容词 Spring is coming. The trees are green, and the flowers arebeautiful. 多么美的季节啊！我们要去郊游, 去感受、去描绘我们周围美好的事物。形容词会帮你忙。可是形容词怎么使用起来老出错呀？不是放错了位置，搞错了级别，就是在使用多个形容词作定语时排错了顺序。当然了，形容词使用时需要遵循一些规则的。想知道吗？接着往下看。 a beautiful little new white wooden house 从这个长长的词中可以看出多个形容词作 定语时排列有一定的先后顺序。它们往往遵循以下规律：冠词或人称代词所有格+数词+性质+大小+形状+表示老少、新旧+颜色+事物质地、人的国籍、用途。其实,你大可不必这样费神记,只要记住我给你的句子就可以了。 There is something wrong with my bike。这句话可