有机化学中英文对照表Word下载.docx

1、Radical cation自由基正离子Radical anion自由基负离子Isomerism异构现象Aci form酸式Fluxional structure循变结构Stereochemistry立体化学Optical activity光学活性Dextro isomer右旋异构体Laevo isomer左旋异构体Tetrahedral configuration四面体构型Stereoisomerism立体异构现象Asymmetric atom不对称原子Asymmetric carbon不对称碳Pseudoasymmetric carbon假不对称碳Phantom atom虚拟原子Homot

2、opic等位的Heterotopic异位的Enantiotopic对映异位的Diastereotopic非对映异位的Configuration构型Absolute configuration绝对构型Chirality手性Chiral手性的Chiral center手性中心Chiral molecule手性分子Achiral非手性的Fischer projection费歇尔投影式Neoman projection纽曼投影式D-L system of nomenclatureD-L命名体系R-S syytem of nomenclatureR-S命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon seq

3、uence顺序规则Symmetry factor对称因素Plane of symmetry对称面Mirror symmetry镜面对称Enantiomer对映异构体Diastereomer非对映异构体Epimer差向异构体Anomer端基差向异构体Erythro configuration赤型构型Erythro isomer赤型异构体Threo configuration苏型构型Threo isomer苏型异构体Trigonal carbon三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism顺反异构E isomerE异构体Z isomerZ异构体Endo isomer内型异构体Exo isomer

4、外型异构体Prochirality前手性Pro-R group前R基团Pro-S proup前S基团Re faceRe面Si faceSi面Racemic mixture外消旋混合物Racemic compound外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution外消旋固体溶液Meso compound内消旋化合物Quasi recemate准外消旋体Conformation构象Conformational构象分析Torsion angle扭转角Rotamer旋转异构体Anti conformation反式构象Bisecting conformation等分构象Anti periplan

5、ar conformation反叠构象Synperiplanar conformation顺叠构象Synclinal conformation反错构象顺错构象Eclipsed conformation重叠构象Gauche conformation, skew con-formation邻位交叉构象Staggered conformation对位交叉构象Steric effect空间效应Steric hindrance位阻Atropismer阻转异构体Puckered ring折叠环Conformational inversion构象反转Chair conformation椅型构象Boat co

6、nformation船型构象Twist conformation扭型构象Skew boat conformation扭船型构象Half-chair conformation半椅型构象Pseudorotation假旋转Envelope conformation信封型构象Axial bond直立键Equatorial bond平伏键Cisoid conformation顺向构象Transoid conformation反向构象Retention of configuration构型保持Regioselectivity区域选择性Regiospecificity区域专一性Stereocelectivi

7、ty立体选择性Stereospecificty立体专一性Conformer构象异构体Conformational effect构象效应Crams rube克拉姆规则Prelogrule普雷洛格规则Stereochemical orientation立体化学取向Conformational transmission构象传递Homolog同系物Ipso position本位Ortho position邻位Meta position间位Para position对位Amphi position远位Peri position近位Trigonal hybridization三角杂化Molecular o

8、rbiral method分子轨道法Valence bond method价键法Delocalezed bond离域键Cross conjugation交叉共轭Vinylog插烯物Mesomeric effect中介效应Resonance共振Resonance effect共振效应Hyperconjugation超共轭Isovalent hyperconjugation等价超共轭No-bond resonance无键共振Aromaticity芳香性Aromatic sexter芳香六隅Huckelrule休克尔规则Paramagnetic ring current顺磁环电流Diamagneti

9、c ring cruuent抗磁环电流Homoaromaticity同芳香性Antiaromaticity反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon交替烃Non-alternant hydrocarbon非交替烷Pericyclic reaction周环反应Electrocyclic rearrangement电环化重排Conrotatory顺旋Disroatatory对旋Cycloaddition环加成Symmetry forbidden-reaction对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction同面反应Antarafacial reaction异面反应Mobius syste

10、m默比乌斯体系Leois structure路易斯结构Coordinate-covalent bond配位共价键Banana bond香蕉键Pauling electronegativity scale鲍林电负性标度Polarizability可极化性Inductive effect诱导效应Field effect场效应Electrical effect电场效应tautomerism互变异构Tautomerization互变异构化Keto-enol tautomerism酮-烯醇互变异构Phenol-keto tautomerism酚-酮互变异构Imine-enamine atutomeris

11、m亚胺-烯胺互变异构Ring-chain tautomerism环-链互变异构Valence tautomerism价互变异构Ambident两可的Solvent effect溶剂效应Acid-base catalyxed reaction酸性溶剂Basic solvent碱性溶剂Dielectric constant介电常数Solvated electron溶剂化电子Acid-base catalyzed reaction酸碱催化反应Conjugate base共轭酸共轭碱Therm odynamic acidity热力学酸度Kinetic acidity动力学酸度Electron dono

12、f-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex电子给体受体络合物Host主体Guest客体Primary isotope effect一级同位素效应Secondary isotope effect二级同位数效应Inverse isotope effect逆同位素效应Kinetic control动力学控制Thermodynamic control热力学控制Substrate底物Intermediate中间体Reactive intermediate活泼中间体Microscopic reversibility微观可逆性Hammond postulate哈蒙德假说Linear free

13、 energy线性自由能Non-bonded interaction非键相互作用Torsional effect扭转效应Pitzer strain皮策张力Restricted rotation阻碍旋转Eclipsing effect重叠效应Eclipsing strain重叠张力Small-angle strain小角张力Large angle strain大角张力Transannular interaction跨环相互作用Transannular strain跨环张力I strain内张力F strain前张力B strain后张力Anomeric effect端基异构效应Walden in

14、version瓦尔登反转Racemization外消旋化Isoinversion等反转Isoracemization等消旋Homochiral纯手性的Mechanism机理Unimolecular nucleophilic单分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution（with allylic rearrange-ment）双分子亲核取代（含烯丙型重排）Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucl

15、eophilic substitu-tion芳香亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution单分子亲电取代Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution双分子亲电取代Nucleophile-assisted unimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution亲核体协助单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination单分子消除Bimolecular elimination双分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate ba

16、se单分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a carbonyl group双分子羰基形成消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage

17、单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage双分子碱催化烷氧断裂-allyl complex mechanism烯丙型络合机理Borderline mechanism边理机理Homolysis均裂Heterolysis异裂Heterolytic michanism异裂机理Counrergegenion反荷离子Ion pair离子对Carbocation碳正离子Nonclassical carbocation非经典碳正离子Carbanion碳负离子Masked carbanion掩蔽碳负离子Carbenoid卡宾体Car

18、bene卡宾Nitrene氮宾Carbine碳炔Electrophilic addition亲电加成Electrophile亲电体Diaxial addition双直键加成Markovnikovs rube马尔科夫尼科规则Anti-Markovnikov addition反马氏加成Michael addition迈克尔加成Substitution取代Electrophilic substitution亲电取代Addition-elimination mechanism加成消除机理Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion亲电芳香取代Electron transfe

19、r电子转移Electron-donating group给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing group吸电子基团Deactivating group钝化基团Orinentation取向Ortho-para directing group邻对位定位基Meta directing group间位定位基Ortho effect邻位效应Partial rate factor分速度系数Nucleophilic reaction亲核反应Internal return内返Nucleophilicity亲核体亲核性-effect-效应Backside attack背面进攻Inversion反转

20、Umbrella effect伞效应Push-pull effect推拉效应Leaving group离去基团Electrofuge离电体Nucleofuge离核体Phase-transfer catalysis相转移催化Neighboring group participation邻基基参与Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance邻助作用Neighboring group effect邻基效应Apofacial reaction反面反应Briddgehead displacement桥头取代Aryl action芳正离子Benzyne苯炔Zaitsev rule札依采夫规则Anti-Zaitsev orientation反札依采夫定向Hofmanns反应Alkylation烷基化C- alkylationC-烷基化O- alkylationO-烷基化N-alkylationN-烷基化Silylation硅烷基化Exhaustive methylation彻底甲基化Seco alkylation断裂烷基化Demethylation脱甲基化Ethylation乙基化Arylation芳基化Acylation酰化Formylation甲酰化Carbalkoxylation