职称英语理工类B级完型填空新增文章.docx

1、职称英语理工类B级完型填空新增文章2011年职称英语理工类B级完型填空新增文章教材第十二篇文章Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in TeensWhile some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to self-medicate against the blues，scientists at the University of Toronto1 and the University of Montreal2 have found that smoking may actually 1 depressive sy

2、mptoms in some teens.“This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived 2benefits of smoking among teens,” says lead researcher Michael Chaiton，a research associate3 at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto“3 cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating 4

3、or to improve mood，in the long term4 we found that teens who started to smoke reported5 higher depressive symptoms.”As part of the study，some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires 5 their use of cigarettes to affect moodSecondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French

4、 and English participants，urban and rural schools，and schools 6 in high, moderate and low socioeconomic neighbourhoods6Participants were divided into three 7: never smokers；smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate，improve mood or physical 8；smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicateDepr

5、essive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how felt too fired to do things：had 9 going to sleep or staying 10；felt unhappy，sad，or depressed；felt hopeless about the future；felt vexed，antsy or tense；and worried too much about thingsSmokers who used cigarettes as mood 11 had higher risks of

6、 elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked, says co-researcher Jennifer 0Loughlin，a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine70ur study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are at higher risk of 12 depressi

7、ve symptoms.The 13 between depression and smoking exists 14 一among teens that usecigarettes to feel betterIts 15 to emphasize that depressive symptom scores8 were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke, says DrChaiton词汇：Puff v遇到 self-medicate v自

8、我治疗 vexed adj烦虑的antsy adj坐立不安的，烦躁的 blues n抑郁注释： 1the University of Toront0：(加拿大)多伦多大学2the University of Montreal：(加拿大)蒙特利尔大学3research associate：助理研究员4in the long term：从长远看5reported：用的是主动态，是自我“报告”的意思。研究人员用问卷的方式进行调查。被调查的青少年自我填写问题的答案。6high，moderate and low socioeconomic neighbourhoods：高档、中档和低档社区7the Un

9、iversity of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine：蒙特利尔大学社会和预防医学系。此处the University of Montreal是定语，修饰Department of Social and Preventive Medicine。8scores：得分。指问卷的统计数字。练习：1A examine B increase C decrease D diagnose2A social B financial C emotional D political3A Whatever B Although C When

10、ever D what4A effects B methods C steps D directions 5A beside B beyond C in D about6A exposed B expanded C located D detected7A groups B sets C species D versions8A world B activity C state D beauty9A time B courage C energy D trouble10A asleep B awake C still D silent11A reducers B improvers C cre

11、ators D removers12A changing B identifying C developing D overcoming13A difference B association C cooperation D agreement14A occasionally B scarcely C probably D principally15A illogical B unscientific C meaningless D important答案与题解：1B 本文的重点是介绍借抽烟缓解抑郁情绪的青少年到后来他们的depressive symptoms (抑郁症状)反而加重了。第二、第

12、五、第六段都明确提到这一点。所以B(increase)是答案。其他三个选项的词义与上下文的意思搭不上。2C抽烟缓解抑郁是一种情绪上(emotional)的得益，不会是social(社会上的)、financial(经济上的)或political(政治上的)得益。所以答案是Co3B空格所在的句子虽然缺字，意思还是清楚的，前半旬的意思与后半句的意思是相反的。前半句说香烟看上去有助于改善心情，后半句说从长远角度看，depressive symptoms的风险反而会增加。四个选项中只有选项8的Although能将前半句和后半句连接起来，并赋予“让步的意思。4A句中的or是“即”，也就是说，to have

13、 self-medicatin9加上填入的词之后的意思相当于to improve mood。四个选项中只有选项A的effects(效果)是填入空格的最合适的词。toimprove mood是自我治疗的效果。其他三个选项methods、steps、directions与self-medicatin9连用，意思分别为“自我治疗的方法”、“自我治疗的步骤、“自我治疗的指导，与句子的意思不相配。5D 本题要填入的词是介词。分析下来，their use of cigarettes to affect mood应该是questionnaire(问卷)所要了解的内容。所以，about是正确的选择。6C科学家

14、在选择问卷对象时注意了代表性，入选的青少年既有讲法语的，也有讲英语的，他们就读的学校有城市的，也有农村的。接下来的问题是：在schools和in high，moderateand low socioeconomic neighbourhoods(高档社区、中档社区和低档社区)之间选哪个词才符合上下文的意思呢?很明显，这些学校有位于高档社区的，也有位于中档和低档社区的。所以选项C的located是答案o7A本句的意思很明显，问卷的参与者被分成三组或三类。9roups是正确的选择。再看其他三个选项：three sets是“三套，three species是“三个物种”，three versions

15、是“三个版本，没有一个是合适的。8C科学家将参与者分成三组，其中一组的参与者不采用吸烟作为自我调节情绪的手段。填入的词应与情绪、身体等有关。若选A、B、D，组成的词组physical world(物质世界)、physical activity(体育活动)、physical beauty(形态美)均与上文的意思接不上，所以A、B、D不会是答案。由C的state组成的词组physical state(身体状况)与上文的意思连贯。因此C是答案。9D本段介绍了问卷包含的问题。作者罗列的问题都是负面的，如乏力、失眠、烦躁等。所以填入空格的词也应该是负面的。trouble符合这个要求，是本题的答案。10A

16、 第九题选了trouble，空格所在的句子是“had trouble going to sleep or staying”。or是“即”的意思，也就是说，had trouble going to sleep意思上就相当于staying_。根据这一判断，填入空格的词非awake莫属。11B第一段和第二段都说到，抽烟缓解抑郁心情最终导致更抑郁。本句“Smokers who usedcigarettes as mood had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked”表达的是同样的意思。

17、文章第二段和第三段都出现improve mood，所以，mood后面要填入的词应该是improvers0选项A、C、D的意义均不符合上下文o12C本句又重复了上题所表达的意思。只有developin9的意义才符合上下文，因此是答案。13B从上下文判断，本句指的是depression和smokin9之间的联系，不会是它们之间的差异。(difference)、合作(cooperation)或一致性(agreement)。association的词义是“联系”，所以是答案。14D调查的对象是青少年，所以不可能是0ccasionally(偶尔)、scarcely(几乎不)或probably。(很可能)

18、在青少年之中，而是principally(主要)在青少年之中。15D 从通篇文章判断，“to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher amongteenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke”是做这项调查的发现和结论，作者说出这一点，只会认为很重要(important)，不会认为不合乎逻辑 (illogical)，不科学(unscientific)或没有意义(meaningless)。所以，important是答案。

19、 教材第三十四篇文章Batteries Built by VirusesWhat do chicken pox，the common cold, the flu，and AIDS have in common? Theyre all disease caused by viruses，tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to personIts no wonder1 that when most people think about viruses, finding ways t0 steer clear of2 viruses is w

20、hats on peoples mindsNot everyone runs from the tiny disease carders, though3In Cambridge, Massachusetts4, scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual wayThey are putting viruses to work, teaching them to build some of the worlds smallest rechargeable batteriesViruses a

21、nd batteries may seem like an unusual pair，but theyre not so strange for engineer Angela Belcher，who first came up with5 the ideaAt the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new waysIn the case of the virus-bu

22、ilt batteries, the scientists combine what they know about biology, technology and production techniquesBelchers team includes Paula Hammond，who helps put together the tiny batteries, and Yet-Ming Chiang， an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery“Were working on things we traditional

23、ly dont associate with nature” says HammondMany batteries are already pretty smallYou can hold AC and D batteries6 in your handThe coinlike batteries that power watches are often smaller than a pennyHowever。every year，new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than

24、 the year beforeAs these devices shrink, ordinary batteries wont be small enough to fit insideThe ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small packageRight now，Belchers model battery，a metallic disk completely built by viruses，looks like a regular watch batteryBut inside，its components are ve

25、ry smallso tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscopeHow small are these battery parts? To get some idea of the size，pluck one hair from your headPlace your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair ispretty thin，right? Although the width of each persons hair is a b

26、it different，you could probably fit about l o of these virusbuilt battery parts，side to side，across one hairThese microbatteries may change the way we look at viruses7词汇：chicken pox水痘 microorganism n微生物 metallic adj金属的collaborator n合作者，协作者 pluck v拔，摘，采注释：1no wonder：不足为奇的，难怪 2steer clear of：避开，绕开3tho

27、ugh：意思为“然而，可是”。在句中使用时通常放在句末。4Cambridge，Massachusetts：马萨诸塞州的剑桥市。本文第三段提到的the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge即指坐落于剑桥市的麻省理工学院。麻省理工学院于1861年由著名自然科学家威廉巴罗吉杰斯创立。这是美国的一所私立研究型大学，培养高级科技人才和管理人才，是以理工科为主的、世界一流的综合性大学。5came up with：提出 6A，C and D batteries：A、C、D均为电池型号。7These microbatteries ma

28、y change the way we look at viruses：这些微型电池可能会改变我们看待病毒的方式。作者想表达的意思是：人们一直认为病毒有害无益，现在病毒可用来制作电池，人们对病毒的看法可能会因此而发生变化。练习： 1According to the first paragraph，people try toAkill microorganisms related to chicken pox，the flu，etcBkeep themselves away from viruses because they are invisibleCstay away from viruse

29、s because they are causes of various diseasesDcure themselves of virusrelated diseases by taking medicines2What is Belchers team doing at present?AIt is finding ways to get rid of virusesBIt is massproducing microbatteriesCIt is making batteries with virusesDIt is analyzing virus genes3What expressi

30、on below is opposite in meaning to the word shrink appearing in paragraph 5？ABroadenBSpreadCExtendDExpand：4. Which of the following is true of Belchers battery mentioned in paragraph 6？AIt is made of metal BIt is a kind of watch batteryCIt can only be seen with a microscopeDIt is a metallic disk wit

31、h viruses inside it5. How tiny is one battery part?AIts width is one tenth of a hairBIt equals the width of a hairCIt is as thin as a piece of paperDIts width is too tiny to measure答案与题解：1C短文第一段的大致意思是，许多疾病都由病毒引起，诸如水痘、感冒和艾滋病，所以人们想尽办法躲避病毒。这是C所表达的意思。A不是正确选择，因为文章并没有说人们想方设法去杀死病毒。B的后半句的内容(病毒肉眼看不见)和D的内容(吃药治疗病毒引起的疾病)文中没有提到.2C短文的第二段明确提供了答案。3D根据上