中考英语语法专题被动语态 主谓一致倒装 简单句并列句 复合句.docx

1、中考英语语法专题被动语态 主谓一致倒装 简单句并列句 复合句【中考英语专项复习被动语态】（一）语态：英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。（二）被动语态的构成被动语态由“be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来时态被动语态结构一般现在时am/is

2、/are done一般过去时was/were done现在进行时am/is/are being done过去进行时was/were being done一般将来时shall/will/be going to be done过去将来时would be done现在完成时have/has been done过去完成时had been done（三）被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：Your homework must be fin

3、ished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be过去分词） （根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree. A tree was cut down by him.（五） 被动语态的特

4、殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see,

5、 watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.4) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.（六）常见的句型结

6、构：It is(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought.）that.大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）.It is(was)well known that.众所周知It is(was)taken for granted that.被视为当然It must be remembered that.务必记住.It mustnt be forgotten that.千万别忘记.It is(was)said(reported，heard，told，suggested)that.据说(报道、听说、告知、建议.)【中考英语专项复习主谓一致】主谓一致的用法及专项练习

7、题一、主谓一致三原则 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。 1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。 They often play football on the playground. 2. 意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 3. 就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决

8、于最靠近他的主语。例如： Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. There is a pen and some books on the desk. 二、 主谓一致常考题型 1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。The desk is Toms. Some water is in the bottle. 2. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。Many a student has been to Shang

9、hai. 许多学生到过上海。 3. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。 4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如： Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。 Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。 Ten miles isnt a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。 Five

10、 minus four is one. 5减4等于1。 5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。 6. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。 7. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。To see is

11、to believe 眼见为实。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。 8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。 9. 当主语部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但“名词+as well as+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。Mike with

12、his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 10. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。The writer and teacher is coming.那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)

13、 The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人) 11. people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。 His family isnt large. 他家的人不多。 My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。 12. 不定代词somebody, s

14、omeone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数， Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗？ Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。 Nobody was in. 没有人在家。 13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人

15、都有一本英语词典。 Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。 14. 以s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等，No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。 15. 由bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由or, eitheror，neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。Eit

16、her my wife or I am going.Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.Not only you but also he is ready to leave.如果either, each, neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。Each of us has his likes and dislikes.Neither of the books is very interesting.16. 如果主语是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单

17、数形式。A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use.但a variety of, a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式; .而the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.The number of the students is over eight hundred.17以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常

18、与临近的主语一致。There is a book and three pens on the desk. Here are some books and paper for you. 18. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式.The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad. The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 三肯定与否定一致下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。Weve had some(money). We havent had any(money).

19、I was talking to someone. I wasnt talking to anyone.They sometimes visit us. They rarely (never, seldom)visit us.He has arrived already. He hasnt arrived yet.Li is coming too. Li isnt coming either.Both of us are going. Neither of us are going.He likes both of them. He doesnt like either of them.注意：

20、so/neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。My wife like classic music very much and so do I.She doesnt like jazz and neither do I.【中考英语专项复习倒装】 英语句子通常有两种语序:一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序,另一种谓语在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序，按“主语+ 谓语” 这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。如果排列顺序变为“谓语（ 或谓语一部分）+主语”，就是倒装。之所以出现倒装，一方面是因为语法结构的需要，另一方面为了强调，有时两种原因兼有之。倒装句分为部分倒装和全部倒装。以下就分别讲述这

21、两种倒装的用法。如果遇到一句，不知道使用全部倒装还是部分倒装的话，我们主要主要看其标志性的词语。一、部分倒装：就是把谓语中的be动词、助动词或情态动词置于主语前面。常见于下列几种情况：(一). only所修饰的副词，介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，要用： only+ 状语+ be /助动词/情态动词+主语及其他Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened.Only in this way can you make progress in your English.Only through education can we r

22、ise in the world.注意：only修饰主语时，不需要倒装。1. Only in this way _to make improvement in the operating system. A. you can hope B. you did hope C. can you hope D. did you hopeAmong all the people, only you know the truth.(二).含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时。如：never, little, seldom, not, not only, not until, no sooner (than)

23、, hardly (when), rarely, scarcely, in no way等。Not a single word from him could express his feelings.Rarely have I heard of such a silly thing.(1) hardlywhen; scarcelywhen; no soonerthan 可以用正常语序 had hardly done when did 或用倒装句式Hardly had + 主语+ done when did 句式。hardly所在的句子用过去完成时。The bell hardly had run

24、g when the class began. = Hardly had the bell rung when the class began.No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he began to work.(2) not only but also 如连接两个成分时，不用倒装；连接句子时，前面的句子要用倒装。Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.Not only is he busy, but also

25、 I have a lot of work to do.Not only does he speak English very well, but also he speaks French well.1I finally got the work I dreamed about. Never in all my life_ so happy! A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt2Not until I began to work _how much time I had wasted. A. didnt I realize

26、B. did I realize C. I didnt realize D. I realized 3No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily.A. the game began B.has the game begunC. did the game begin D.had the game begun (三).在sothat, suchthat句型中，若把so, such引导的结构放在句首时。So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.5So difficult _it to li

27、ve in an English-speaking country that I was determined to learn English well. A. Ive felt B have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel(四).省略了if的虚拟条件句中，把were, had或should放在句首时。If I were you, I would take the job. = Were I you, I would take the job.6_it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit t

28、o Yangpu Bridge.A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will(五).把副词so放在句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物。I like reading English, so does he. (六).把neither, nor放在句首，表示前面的否定内容也适用于另一个人或物。 If you wont go, neither will I.7.-I dont think I can walk any further. -_, lets stop here for a rest. A. Neither and I B. Neither can I C

29、. I dont think so D. I think so(七)用于形容词/副词/名词/动词+as (though)引导的让步状语从句中。注意：当表语为名词时，则名词前不加任何冠词；主谓并不倒装。Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.Child as he is, he knows a lot.8_, I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John. A. As long as I have traveled B. Now that I

30、have traveled so muchC. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much(八).由however, no matter how引导的让步状语从句中，把however+形容词/副词，no matter how+形容词/副词放在句首时。9_, mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. However late he is二、

31、全部倒装就是把整个谓语部分放在主语之前。注意：谓语动词的数要与后面的主语保持一致。常见于几种情况：(一).用于地点副词here, there,方位副词out, in, up, down及时间副词now, then等开头的句子里，以示强调。There goes the bell. Look! Here they come. 这种倒装要求：主语必须是名词。主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。Here it is.Away he went.Here we go.这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。Here comes the bus.Out rushed the boys.(二).当表示地点的介词短语放