英国文学史资料Word格式文档下载.docx

1、（首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作坎特伯雷故事集。）He is regarded as “The father of English poetry”.It is _alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid ch

2、aracters from all walks of life. （A）A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Martin LutherC. William Langland D. John Gower Writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity代表作品 The Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use heroic couplet（双韵体） by middle EnglishTroilus and Criseyde 特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 The House of Fame 声誉之宫The Renaissan

3、ce Period文艺复兴时期It is a period of drama and poetry.The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: 定义It is the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century

4、, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance: rebirth or revival:1. new discoveries in geography and astrology2. the religious reformation and economic expansion3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists: 文

5、艺复兴时期三位重要的剧作家Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙斯宾塞15521599（“the poets poet” 后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。） The first to be buried in the Poets corner of Westerminster AbbeyWhich of the following statements is not the reason for that Edmund Spenser is famous for “the poets poet”? （

6、B） A. Spensers idealism B. his struggle for criteria C. his love of beauty D. his exquisite melody The Faerie Queene仙后（for Queen Elizabeth）Artistic features:Using Spenserian Stanza 斯宾塞诗行 Definition of Spenserian Stanza: a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last lin

7、e in iambic hexameter.The Shepherds Calendar牧人日历 The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind. Amoretti爱情小唱2.Thomas More托马斯莫尔14781535 He is one of the greatest English humanists.Utopia乌托邦3.Francis Bacon弗兰西斯培根15611626（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。Philosopher, scientis

8、t, lay the foundation for modern science. He is the first English essayist.Writing style: brevity, compactness, powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to mans reason.The Advancement of Learning学术的推进Essays随笔 （最出名的“Of studies”；主题是uses and benefits of

9、 study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies）4.Ben JonsonComedy of HumoursVolpone, or the fox狐狸5. Christopher Marlowe柯里斯托弗马洛15641595 “University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama（完善了无韵体诗。Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.14. Marlowe gave new vigor to _ w

10、ith his “mighty lines” （ D ） A. the Petrarchan sonnet B. sestina C. terza rima D. blank verse The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成） Tamburlaine帖木耳大帝 The Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人6. William Shakespeare威廉莎士比亚15641616Historical plays: Henry VI; Henry IV: Richard III; Henry V；Richard II；

11、Henry VIIIFour Comedies: As You Like It皆大欢喜; Twelfth Night第十二夜; A Midsummer Nights Dream仲夏夜之梦; Merchant Of Venice威尼斯商人 Four Tragedies: Hamlet哈姆莱特; Othello奥赛罗; King Lear李尔王; Macbeth麦克白 Shakespeare Sonnet:154 The Sonnets Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg A sonnet is a lyric consisting of

12、14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme. The 17th Century 十七世纪作家1. John Milton约翰弥尔顿16081674（诗人、政论家;失明后写 失乐园、复乐园、力士参孙。1 Epics:Paradise Lost失乐园Paradise Regained复乐园Dramatic poem:Samson Agonistes力士参孙“Areopagitica” 论出版自由“The Defence of the English People” 为英国人民声辩 “O

13、n His Blindness”我的失明This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best can endure the suffering best.2. John Bunyan约翰班扬16281688（代表作天路历程，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的神

14、曲、奥古斯丁的忏悔录并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。Puritan poet（清教徒派诗人）Religious Allegory: The Pilgrims Progress天路历程Vanity Fair3. John Donne 多恩the Metaphysical poet （玄学派诗人）.Metaphysical Poetry（玄学诗）：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, （形式）the form is frequently an argument with the poets beloved, with

15、god, or with himself.（主题）love, religious, thought1. conceits or imagery玄学奇喻；奇思妙喻2. The Flea 虱子The 18th Century：18世纪文学；新古典主义文学Enlightenment同时为美国独立战争与法国大革命提供了框架，并且导致了资本主义和社会主义的兴起，与音乐史上的巴洛克时期以及艺术史上的新古典主义时期是同一时期。 A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion and accu

16、racyThe Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centuries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason （rationality）, equality and science（the 18th century）In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rose. （realistic n

17、ovel现实主义小说在18世纪中叶崛起）Gothic novel（哥特式小说）：mystery, horror, castles（from middle part to the end of century）1. Alexander Pope亚历山大蒲柏16881744（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/ “ heroic couplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。As a representative of the Enlightenment, Pope was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England.A

18、mong the representatives of the Enlightenment, who was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England? （C） A. John Bunyan B. Daniel DefoeC. Alexander Pope D. Jonathan Swift An Essay on Criticism批评论 Using “heroic couplets”The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记Moral Essays道德论Essay on Man人论The Dunciad愚人记 Samu

19、el Johnson塞缪尔约翰逊17091784 A Dictionary of English Language英语大词典3. Jonathan Swift乔纳森斯威夫特16671745（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist）Gullivers Travels格列佛游记 Four parts: Lilliput 小人国 Brobdingnag 大人国 Flying Island飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛A Modest Proposal一个小小的建议The Battle of Books书战A Tale of a Tub木桶的故事 The Drappers

20、Letters一个麻布商的书信4. Daniel Defoe丹尼尔笛福16601731（小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。He is the first writer study of the lower-class people, his language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel.Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记It praises the fortitude of the human labo

21、r and the Puritan. It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England.Moll FlandersColonel Jacque Captain Singleton5. Henry Fielding亨利菲尔丁17071754（英国小说

22、家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父” 。 He is called “Father of English novel”. He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”（散文体史诗）, and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. novels:The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling弃婴汤姆琼斯The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews约瑟夫安德鲁The Life of Mr

23、Jonathan Wild, the Great大诗人江奈生威尔德Amelia爱米利亚 plays:The Historical Register for 1736一七三六年历史记事Don Quixote in England堂吉柯德在英国6. Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗格尔德斯密斯17301774poems:The Traveller旅游人The Deserted Village荒村 novel:The Vicar of Wakefield威克菲尔德牧师传7.Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德布林斯利谢里丹17511816The Rivals情敌The Sc

24、hool for Scandal造谣学校8. William Blake威廉布莱克17571827Songs of Innocence天真之歌 It shows a happy and innocent world from childrens eye. Songs of Experience经验之歌 It shows a word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes.Include:“The Chimney Sweeper”“London”“The Tyger

25、”The Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂与地狱的婚姻9. Robert Burns罗伯特彭斯17591796 He is the greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century.Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗A Red, Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰My Hearts in the Highlands我的心在那高原上The Romantic Period英国浪漫主义文学 The romantic period began in 1798 the pub

26、lication of Wordsworth and Coleridges Lyrical Ballads, and end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scotts death. Romanticism: It emphasizes the special qualities of each individuals mind. （人应该是独立自由的个体） In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the i

27、nner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace.Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen （realistic） and Walter Scott （romantic）.“The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人，who lived in the lake district. William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge;

28、Robert Southey1. William Wordsworth威廉华兹华斯17701850 Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集（with Samuel Taylor Coleridge） I Wondered Lonely As A Cloud Theme: 1. Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that gives him “strength and knowledge full of peace”. 2. It is bliss to recall the beauty of nature in poet mind while h