语言学术语对照表.docx

1、语言学术语对照表 absoluteuniversals绝对共性廖328 absolutecase通格廖204 abstractconstruct抽象结构廖235 accessibilityhierachy辨认度廖27 acceptability可接受性廖373 accommodation让步，适应陶 accompanimentadverb交与副词吕239 accomplishment结束陈147159 accusative受事格廖346 accusativeobject受事宾语吕240 achievement成就陈147 act行为廖236 actsequence信息内容与形式陶 action

2、alpredicate动作谓语吕240 activated被激发的廖396402 active主动格陈108 activity活动陈147157 actual实际廖375 adequacy切应性陈51 adjacency邻接关系吕240 adjacencypairs语对陶 adjective形容词吕240 adjunctstring附加语符列陈45 adjuncts修饰语廖27 adjusmentmodel调整模式陈41 adposition介词吕240 advanced高等陶 adverb副词吕240 adverb-fronting副词前移吕240 adverb-lowering副词下降吕2

3、40 affective表情(作用)陈9 affix词缀吕240 Afrikanns阿富堪斯陶 agegrading年龄级差陶 agent施事吕240 agglutinating粘着型廖331 agglutinative粘着型陈107 agreement一致吕240 agreementmaxim同意的准则廖369 AI(artificialintelligence)人工智能廖235 allocationoffunction功能的分配陶 allocationofuse用途的分配陶 ambiguity歧义吕240 ambiguitymaxim歧义准则廖370 AmericanCouncilonTe

4、achingForeignLanguages(ACTFL)美国外语教学委员会陶 AmericanInstitutesofResearch美国研究所陶 analogues模拟词廖408 analytic分析型陈107 analyticcausative分析式使成式廖345 anaphor回指对象陈182 anaphora指称替代廖236回指形式陈182 anaphoricreference回指陈121181吕240 animacy生命度廖326332347352 antecedent先行词陈182被代词吕240 anterior先事时陈173 anteriorfuture先事将来时陈174 an

5、teriorpast先事过去时陈174 anteriorpresent先事现在时陈174 anthropological人类学的廖235 anthropology人类学陶 Antigua西印度群岛上的安梯瓜陶 antipodals对跖词廖413 antonym两极词廖412 antonymy两极关系廖417 apparenttime显象时间陶 appositiveclause同位小句吕240 approbationmaxim表扬的准则廖369 appropriateness合适性廖374得体性陶 arbitrary任意的陶 archiphoneme原音位陈10 argument论元陈84196

6、参与者吕240 argumentposition论元位陈104 argumentation论辩体廖124 argumentative论证廖236 argumentativestructure论证结构廖237 Aroucanians智利的阿劳卡尼人陶 article冠词吕240 aspect时态陈143态吕240体陶 assert肯定吕240 assertion肯定吕240 assertive断言的廖425 assign分配吕240 associatedtypology关联类型学廖331 atomicstructureofsentences句子的原始结构吕240 attachto系附于吕240

7、attenuated较单薄的廖61 attributes属性廖435449 attributiverelativeclause修饰性关系小句吕240 audiencedesign听众设计陶 augmentedtransitionnetwork扩展的转移网络廖379 authentic真实材料陶 automatictranslation自动翻译陈96 autonomoussyntax自主的句法廖236 AutosegmentalPhonology自分音系理论陶 auxiliaryverb助动词吕240 B BabyTalk娃娃腔陶 back-channel衬托型反馈形式陶 backgroundi

8、ng抑退吕240 BahasaIndonesia巴萨印度尼西亚话陶 ballooning(ofrules)(规则)膨胀吕240 banterprinciple逗乐原则廖369 barenoun光杆名词陈129 basiclevel基本层次廖417 basiclevelterms典型层次词廖436 Basque巴斯克语陶 BazaarMalay集市马来话陶 begging乞求陶 behavioralnorm行为规范陈106 Berber柏柏尔语陶 beyondsentencegrammar超句语法廖234 bi-cultural双文化陶 bidialectalism双方言陶 bilingual说

9、双语的人陶 bilingualism双语陶 biunique一一对应陈11 bounded有界的陈168 boundedness封闭性廖438 bracketing加括吕241 brandnew全新的廖399 bundleoffeatures特征束陈10 C camaraderie同志式的陶 cardinalreference-point主要元音参考点廖318 case-marker格标记吕241 casemarking格标记廖340 Catalan加泰窿语陶 cataphoricreference反指陈206 catastrophicchange剧变，灾变陶 catastrophism剧变说

10、，灾变说陶 categorize类化陈103 categorization范畴化廖449 category范畴廖449吕241 causal因果性陈117 causativeconstruction使成结构廖326344 causeadverb原因副词吕241 causee使成者廖345 causer肇事者廖345 centerstring中心语符列陈45 changeinprogress进行中的变化陶 chunk信息块陈89 circumstantialrole附带成分陈183 circumstantials随遇成分廖27 citation引用廖359 clarityprinciple清楚原

11、则廖370 class类陈128 classical古语陶 class-inclusion类包括吕241 classesofwords词类吕241 classification分类体廖124 clause小句廖236吕241 clause-internalrules小句内部规则吕241 cleftsentence分裂句陈240 clefting分裂吕241 closednetwork封闭网络陶 cluster词群廖408 code代码吕241 codenorm代码规范陈105 code-switching语码转换陶 codification标准的健全陶 coding表现陈163 codingd

12、evice编码手段吕241 cognitivecontent认识内容吕241 cognitivecorrespondence认知对应原则陈104 cognitivefunction认识功能吕241 cognitiveinformation认知信息陶 cognitiverepresentationtheory认知表现理论陈104 cognitivescience认知科学廖380 cognitivesynonymy认知同义关系廖406 coherence意义连贯廖373 cohesion形式连贯廖373 cohesiverelationship连贯关系廖399 collaborativefinis

13、h合作完成式陶 collocationalrestrictions习惯性搭配限制廖408 command统御陈68 comment论述,陈述廖333396陈187说明吕241 commissives承诺廖423 commonfocus共喻圈吕242 commonknowledge共同知识吕242 communication传信廖379 communicationaccommodationtheory,CAT交际适应理论陶 communicativecompetence交际能力廖278 communicativeforce实际用义廖357 communicativelanguageteachin

14、g交际语言教学陶 compactness简洁吕242 comparative比较吕242 compatibility并存关系廖407 competence语言能力陈18能耐吕242 complementaries互补词廖411 complements补足成分廖27补语吕242 complementizer成形剂吕242 complexchange复变陈160 complex-NP-shift复杂NP移位吕242 complexsentence复杂句吕242 componentialist要素分析者廖438 compoundinterdependent合成型陶 compressionrules压

15、缩规则吕242 conativefunction使动功能廖313 conceptualdependency概念从属(语法)陈101 concord一致吕242 conditionaladverb条件副词吕242 conditionalcoherence条件连贯陈83 configuration构型廖438 configurationality组合性陈108 congruencerelations一致关系廖406 congruent一致性陶 congruentmeronym一致部件廖407 conjoinability可连接性廖27 conjunction连词/联合吕242 conjunctio

16、n-reduction省并吕242 connectivers连接成分廖451 constituencyrules组成成分规则廖314 constituentclass成分类别陈41 constituentellipsis成分省略廖14 constituentinsertion成分插入陶 constituentorder结构成分顺序廖334 constitutiveprinciples构成原则廖373 constant常量吕242 constraints限制廖328约束吕242 constructiongrammar结构语法廖281 containment包含廖483 contemporary当

17、代陶 contentform内容形式陈9 contentmode内容表达式廖359 contentsubstance内容实体陈9 context语境,上文廖236395 contextofsituation言语情景；情景的上下文陶 context-dependentstructure/system依靠语境的结构/系统廖236 context-freerule不受上下文约束的规则吕242 contextofsituation语境廖319 context-sensitiverule受上下文约束的规则吕242 contextualrelations语境关系廖404 contextualstyle场合

18、语体陶 contextualizationcues语境线索陶 continuity连续性陈187 continuousvariable连续变量陶 continuum连续体陈64162 contraction语音省缩吕242 contrary指反陈217 contrastiveprominence对比重音吕242 control自控力廖332 convergence靠近陶 conversation会话廖236 conversationalanalysis,CA对话分析廖235会话分析陶 conversationalimplicatures话语蕴含陶 conversationalpostulate

19、s对话原则廖361 converse逆反词廖413 co-occurrenceconstraint共现约束吕242 cooperativeprinciple合作原则廖179357 co-ordinateindependent并存型陶 coordinatestructure并列结构吕242 copulaverb系词吕242 coreference同一性关系陈182 corpusplanning语型规划陶 correctedmean修正均值陶 correspondence对应廖365 co-taxonyms同类分类词廖409 counteractive反动关系廖412 counterparts对应

20、词廖413 covertprestige隐威信陶 creole克里奥语,混合语陶 criterial判别性的廖404 cross-culturalcommunication跨文化的交际陶 crossover超越陶 cultivation培养陶 current邻接的廖399 cycle轮转吕243 cyclicapplication循环使用廖317 contrastivefeatures区别特征陶 D data数据廖236 dative与格廖346 Davidian达罗毗荼陶 declaratives宣告句廖420 declarativesentence陈述句吕243 de-creolizati

21、on克里奥尔脱化陶 de-creolizationcontinuum克里奥尔脱化连续体陶 deepstructure深层结构吕243 default常规选择廖373 deferent敬重陶 DeficitHypothesis语言缺陷论陶 definite有定廖40 definiteness定指度廖342 definitenessofsubjectandobject主语和宾语的限定廖237 degree-terms程度词廖411 deictic指示词吕243 deixis指示词廖195 deletionrules消除规则吕243 delicacy精细度廖319 demonstrativestru

22、cture论证结构廖451 deonticmodality义务情态廖419 dependencyrelation依赖关系吕243 derivationalmorphology衍生构词廖316构词形态吕243 derivedsentence派生句吕243 derivedstructure派生结构吕243 description描写体廖124 descriptivestructuer描写结构廖237 descriptivists描写学派廖308322陈1135 designfeatures图案成分廖309 destressing轻音化吕243 determiner区别词吕243 deviation

23、偏离陶 diachronicderivability历时可导性陈116 diagram图解吕243 dialect方言陶 dialectgeography方言地理学廖264 dialectology方言学廖262 dialogic对话性陶 dialogue对话廖234236 differentiable可区分的廖408 diglossia双言制陶 dimension标度廖211 dimensionalmodel层面模式陈109 directillocutions直接表达式廖361 directobject直接宾语吕243 directionaladverb趋向副词吕243 directives

24、指令廖423 directspeech直接句廖360 discourse对话廖379言谈吕243 discourseanalysis篇章分析廖181234310陈2555 discourseconnectedness篇章连贯廖236 discourseconnectives篇章连接廖236237 discourseforspecialoccasions特别场合的篇章廖236 discourse-functionalsyntax篇章-功能句法廖236 discourse-functionallymotivatedstructure/system 有篇章-功能理据的结构/系统廖237 discou

25、rsegenres篇章类型廖236 discourseintonation篇章语调廖236 discourseorganization篇章结构廖236 discourseparticles篇章词廖236 discourseperspectiveonsyntax篇章观点看句法廖237 discoursepredicate篇章谓词廖236237 discoursescope篇章管界廖236237 discourseunits篇章单位廖236 discoveryprocedure发现过程廖309发现程序陈1143 discrete离散的廖332 displaced间隔的廖399 dissonance

26、不和谐廖416 distant距离，保持距离陶 distinctivefeatures区别成分廖317 distinctivefeaturetheory区别成分理论廖313 distributionalists分布学派陈11 distributionuniversals分布共性廖338 divergence分离陶 DocumentDesignProject,DDP文献设计计划陶 doing做事陶 domain认知领域廖438 domainofpredication表述界域吕243 domainoftransformations转换界域吕243 domaintheory语域理论陶 dominances处理中心廖373 dominant显性陈115 doublearticulation双重分节陈113 doublet词对廖408 dummyfiller傀儡成分吕244 durative持续陈152 dynamicprocess动态过程