任务型阅读.docx

1、任务型阅读第三部分 任阅提升任务型阅读通常采用一篇300500词左右的短文，以表格的形式考查，所选取的短文通常是英语文学作品、科普文章、公告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。其表格呈现形式常常为：对比推进式的表格类或先总后分式的树状类。考生阅读后应能对文中的有效信息进行筛选、整合和综合概括，然后准确、有序地完成表格的空缺(根据说明，一空只填一词)。这不仅要求考生具有较好的语篇理解能力，同时还必须具有获取有效信息、把握文章整体结构的能力；在解题过程中，考生还必须具备较扎实的词法和句法知识，因为所填写的单词不仅要准确表达意思，还必须在词性和词形上与上下文的句子结构保持一致或匹配。任务型阅

2、读题型的出现不仅有利于考查学生把握文章的篇章结构、综合处理信息的能力，体现出了新课改通过增加客观表达题作出的努力，同时也对英语教学和高考复习提出了极高的要求。1. 题型分类(1) 原词重现：比较题干和原文所提供的信息，通过定位该题在文章中的位置即可找到答案，该答案一般为原词。【真题回放】 (2013江苏卷)原文：In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semiskilled labour to sales and management, depends on consc

3、ientiousness. It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization: the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the delivery truck driver who is always on time.Conscientious employees at the lower levels give outstanding (75)_【点拨】根据文中“In studies

4、of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semiskilled labour to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness.”可知答案为 performance(s)。 (2013江苏卷)原文：But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems.Possible (77)_ with conscientiousness【点拨】根据对文

5、章内容的理解可知答案为problems/troubles。 (2013江苏卷)原文：Their reputation for dependability influences managers evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.Employers evaluations of the work of conscientious people can be (78)_【点拨】根据文中“giving

6、them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.”可知答案为higher。 (2012江苏卷)原文：But because success is a moving targetas soon as you hit your target, you raise it againthe happiness that results from success does not last long.As a matter of fact, your (77)_ wont keep yo

7、ur happiness long【点拨】根据文中“the happiness that results from success does not last long”可知答案为success/achievements。(2) 词性转化：分析题干，确定该空词性，然后根据信息源，找出所需转化的词汇，最后通过语法、结构等方面的要求提炼出新词。【真题回放】 (2013江苏卷)原文：They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with. Its the conscientious work

8、er who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline.Conscientious people are very (71)_ to others【点拨】根据文中“Its the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates.”可知，尽职尽责的人对别人都是有帮助的。故

9、填helpful/good。 (2012江苏卷)原文：In an analysis of 225 academic studies, researchers found strong evidence of causeandeffect relationship between life satisfaction and successful business outcomes.The “happiness advantage”effect is (78)_ proved by research findings【点拨】文章中用形容词strong来修饰名词evidence，试题中要求学生将st

10、rong转化为副词来修饰过去分词proved，故此处答案为strongly。 (2014江苏卷)原文：It is a strong influence of a group, especially of children, on members of that group to behave as everybody else does. It can be positive or negative.It works in nearly everyone of us, and (72) _ us in one way or another, good or bad【点拨】对比信息可知，此空得解

11、的关键是：It is a strong influence of a group.，意指同龄人压力对每个人都有影响，原文中influence是名词，转化为表格中的动词并与谓语动词works并列，故答案为influences。(3) 固定搭配：根据题干和原文的语境和句意，通过语法、结构、搭配等方面的分析，对答案加以推断。【真题回放】 (2013江苏卷)原文：The everyday signs of conscientiousness(认真尽责)being punctual, careful in doing work, selfdisciplined, and scrupulous(一丝不苟的

12、) in attending to responsibilitiesare typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should.Conscientious people are very (71)_ with themselves【点拨】根据文中“being punctual, careful in doing work, selfdisciplined, scrupulous in attending to responsi

13、bilities”可知尽职尽责的人对自己严格要求。故此处考查固定搭配be strict with(对要求严格)。 (2012江苏卷)原文：Burts Bees thenCEO, John Wolfgang, took a different approach. Each day, hed send out an email praising a team member for work related to global marketing.Hed interrupt his own presentations to remind his managers to talk with their

14、 teams about the companys values.He asked me to further a threehour session with employees on happiness in the course of the expansion effort.John Wolfgang was (73)_ of his assistants feelings【点拨】根据文中“Burts Bees thenCEO, John Wolfgang, took a different approach.”及后面提及的具体做法，可以归纳出John Wolfgang设法去了解助手的

15、那种感觉。故此处考查搭配be aware of，意为“意识到，了解到”，所以答案可为aware/considerate/conscious。 (2014江苏卷)原文：.and encourage than to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong., and say (80) _ to anything that is wrong or illegal【点拨】根据原文描述及题干部分say _ to, 可知此处考查短语搭配say no to，表鼓励孩子对错误或非法的事说不，所以答案为no。(4) 总结概括：做该类型题

16、时，需根据表格中所对应的细节信息，结合文章内容来进行分析总结，概括出答案，要求较高。【真题回放】 (2013江苏卷)原文：Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semiskilled labour to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. It is particularly important f

17、or outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization: the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the delivery truck driver who is always on time.Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sal

18、es. Conscientiousness also offers a buffer(缓冲) against the threat of job loss in todays constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued. For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who

19、 stayed on.There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are. Their reputation for dependability influences managers evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.(73)_ of

20、conscientiousness【点拨】这是一条高度的归纳题。根据文章这三段讲述了尽职尽责的好处和重要性，特别是首句的概括句“Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field.”可知答案为Importance/Functions/Roles/ Significance。 (2013江苏卷)原文：But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems. Since conscientious people demand so much of them

21、selves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others dont show the same high levels of model behaviour. Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize coworkers even about failure

22、s that seemed unimportant to those they criticized.Conscientious people without social skills tend to have (79)_relations with their fellow workers【点拨】由原文中的“overly judgmental”和“tended to criticize coworkers”可知他们对同事苛求，可能更容易批评同事，从而造成关系紧张。故答案为poor/bad/damaged/tense。 (2014江苏卷)原文：.in order to satisfy the

23、 desire, they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong. Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs.Negative influences include lack of (76) _ sense, criminal offences and overconsumption【点拨】对比表格与原文语境，尤其是句中的“to abandon. and wrong.”， 与其后的举例可知，同龄人压力对个体的消极影响包括使人

24、缺乏是非感，吸毒或其他犯罪，概括为缺乏道德观(moral sense), 故此空答案为moral。2. 解题思路第一步：读懂短文主要意思、了解文章大意。这是解题的第一环，也是关键的一步。只有读懂了文章，才能顺利地在表格中填出相关的信息。值得注意的是：如果表格前提供了小标题，要特别注意小标题，它通常是段落和表格的主题句。读懂了标题有助于理解短文和表格的大意和结构。第二步：理清短文主体结构、了解短文的写作思路和线索结构。这有助于加深对篇章内容的理解，同时短文的结构往往也是很重要的命题线索，表格项目基本上就是根据篇章结构而设计的。第三步：分析完表格后细读文章，确定答案。仔细阅读文章，寻找相关信息及关

25、键词。学会推理判断，力争返回原文，找出文章哪一部分与题目相关，抓住关键词语，以此为线索，在文中找出相关的词、句、句群，进行归纳，巧妙运用转换，进而推出答案。第四步：检查答案。主要检查词数是否符合要求，所填内容与原文意思是否保持通顺一致，句意是否连贯，是否符合语法规则等。3. 技巧突破四种变化：(1) 词性变化：【真题回放】(2012江苏卷)原文：In fact，it works the other way around: People who have a positive mindset perform better in the face of challenge.Research fin

26、dings: People perform better when thinking (76)_【点拨】此处将形容词positive转化为副词positively。 (2) 结构变化：【真题回放】 (2012江苏卷)原文：Another common misunderstanding is that our genetics, our environment, or a combination of the two determines how happy we are.It is also misunderstanding that how happy we are is (79)_ by

27、our genetics，our environment，or a combination of the two【点拨】该题由主动结构：.determines how happy we are转化为被动形式：.how happy we are is _ by.，所以此处需要填入答案determined/decided。【典型题例】 原文：At first，the government had difficulty in persuading people to leave Rio and to settle in Brasilia.At first，the government found i

28、t _ to persuade people to leave Rio and to settle in Brasilia【点拨】该题考查结构have difficulty in doing sth.与find it difficult to do sth.的相互转化，所以此处需要填入答案difficult。(3) 表达变化：【真题回放】(2012江苏卷)原文：Wolfgangs emphasis on developing positive leadership kept his managers actively involved and loyal as they successfull

29、y transformed the company into a global one.The managers remained (74)_ to the company【点拨】该题考查同义句的相互转化，即一种意思采用两种不同的表达方式，故该题答案为loyal/faithful/devoted/committed。(4) 段落变化：一般来说，表格内容的呈现与文章内容的先后是一致的，但有时会有所不同，即文章前面的内容出现在表格的后面，而文章后面的内容出现在表格的前面，即表格内容的呈现与文章内容的呈现出现了段落位置的变化。四种补充：解题时需根据表格所呈现的内容对所填答案的形式加以完善，即：(1)

30、 如果是名词，需根据其内容补充出该名词是用单数还是复数形式。【真题回放】(2014江苏卷) Positive influences are good grades, team (77) spirit,_and the buildingup of good (78) _， etc.【点拨】当我们概括出该部分的含义为良好习惯的养成时，要注意原文中虽用的是单数形式“take up a good habit”， 但此表格中可数名词前没有冠词，故需用复数形式：habits。(2) 如果是动词，需根据结构、语境补充出该动词的适当形式，是谓语的单数还是复数形式；是非谓语的现在分词还是过去分词。【真题回放】C

31、ommunication (75)_ everywhereWe are communicating with ourselves by thinking，planning and reacting to the outside worldWe are always (76)_ other people by observing even if they do not intend any message for youWe are constantly collecting meanings from others (77)_We are constantly (78)_ meanings by what we do【答案】75. occurs/happens/exists/arises76. reading/understanding/knowing77. behaviours/acts/action(s)/activities78. conveying/expressing【点拨】根据该段的内容可以归纳出“通过观察别人的言行举止，你就会理解别人所要传递的信息”。据此可知(76)空需用动词re