胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题及答案.docx

1、胡壮麟语言学教程测试题及答案胡壮麟语言学教程(修订版)测试题第一章:语言学导论I. Choose the best answer。 (20)1.Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human _. A. contact B。 communication C. relation D。 community2。Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary？ A。 tree B. typewriter C。 crash D。 bang3。The function of

2、the sentence “Water boils at 100 degrees Centigrade.” is _. A. interrogative B. directive C. informative D. performative4。In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say“碎碎（岁岁）平安”as a means of controlling the forces which they believes feel might aff

3、ect their lives. Which functions does it perform？ A。 Interpersonal B. Emotive C. Performative D。 Recreational5。Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place， due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to tal

4、k about anything in any situation? A。 Transferability B。 Duality C. Displacement D. Arbitrariness6。Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language？ A nice day, isnt it？ Right！ I really enjoy the sunlight。 A。 Emotive B。 Phatic C。 Performative D. Interpe

5、rsonal7。 _ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language users knowledge of the rules of his language in utterances。 A. Performance B. Competence C。 Langue D。 Parole8. When a dog is barking, you assume it is barking for something or at someone that exists hear and now。 It couldnt be sorrowf

6、ul for some lost love or lost bone. This indicates the design feature of _. A。 cultural transmission B. productivity C. displacement D. duality9. _ answers such questions as how we as infants acquire our first language。 A. Psycholinguistics B. Anthropological linguistics C. Sociolinguistics D. Appli

7、ed linguistics10。 _ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education. A. Linguistic theory B. Practical linguistics C。 Applied linguistics D。 Comparative linguisticsII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false。 (10%)11.Language is a means of verbal communicati

8、on. Therefore， the communication way used by the deafmute is not language。12。 Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitrary。13. Speaking is the quickest and most efficient way of the human communication systems。14. Language is written because writing is the primary medium for all languages.15.

9、 We were all born with the ability to acquire language, which means the details of any language system can be genetically transmitted。16。 Only human beings are able to communicate.17. De Saussure， who made the distinction between langue and parole in the early 20th century, was a French linguist。18。

10、 A study of the features of the English used in Shakespeares time is an example of the diachronic study of language.19。 Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history.20. All the languages in the world today have both spoken and written forms.III. Fill in the blanks。 （10%)

11、21。 Language, broadly speaking， is a means of _ communication.22。 In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually termed _.23. Language has many functions. We can use language to talk abou

12、t itself. This function is _.24。 Theory that primitive man made involuntary vocal noises while performing heavy work has been called the _ theory。25。 Linguistics is the _ study of language.26。 Modern linguistics is _ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay d

13、own some rules for people to observe.27. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of _ over writing。28. The description of a language as it changes through time is a _ study.29. Saussure put forward two important concepts. _ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all m

14、embers of a speech community.30。 Linguistic potential is similar to Saussures langue and Chomskys _。IV. Explain the following terms， using examples. （20%）31。 Design feature 32。 Displacement 33。 Competence 34。 Synchronic linguisticsV。 Answer the following questions。 (20）35。 Why do people take duality

15、 as one of the important design features of human language？ Can you tell us what language will be if it has no such design feature? （南开大学,2004）36. Why is it difficult to define language? (北京第二外国语大学，2004）VI. Analyze the following situation. (20%)37。 How can a linguist make his analysis scientific？ (青

16、岛海洋大学,1999)第二章：语音I。Choose the best answer。 (20）1.Pitch variation is known as _ when its patterns are imposed on sentences. A. intonation B。 tone C。 pronunciation D. voice2。Conventionally a _ is put in slashes (/ /)。 A。 allophone B。 phone C。 phoneme D. morpheme3。An aspirated p， an unaspirated p and a

17、n unreleased p are _ of the p phoneme. A. analogues B。 tagmemes C。 morphemes D. allophones4.The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as _. A。 glottis B。 vocal cavity C. pharynx D。 uvula5。The diphthongs that are made with a movement of the tongue towards the center are known as _

18、diphthongs。 A. wide B。 closing C. narrow D。 centering6。A phoneme is a group of similar sounds called _. A。 minimal pairs B。 allomorphs C. phones D。 allophones7.Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds? A。 Acoustic phonetics B。 Articulatory phonetics C。 Auditory phonetics D。

19、 None of the above8.Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation？ A。 n B。 m C。 b D. p9.Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels? A. i： B. u C. e D。 i 10。What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating？ A. Voi

20、celess B。 Voiced C. Glottal stop D. ConsonantII。Decide whether the following statements are true or false。 （10）11。Suprasegmental phonology refers to the study of phonological properties of units larger than the segmentphoneme, such as syllable, word and sentence.12。The air stream provided by the lun

21、gs has to undergo a number of modification to acquire the quality of a speech sound。13.Two sounds are in free variation when they occur in the same environment and do not contrast， namely， the substitution of one for the other does not produce a different word, but merely a different pronunciation。1

22、4.p is a voiced bilabial stop。15.Acoustic phonetics is concerned with the perception of speech sounds。16。All syllables must have a nucleus but not all syllables contain an onset and a coda。17。When pure vowels or monophthongs are pronounced, no vowel glides take place。18。According to the length or te

23、nseness of the pronunciation, vowels can be divided into tense vs。 lax or long vs. short.19。Received Pronunciation is the pronunciation accepted by most people。20。The maximal onset principle states that when there is a choice as to where to place a consonant， it is put into the coda rather than the

24、onset。III。Fill in the blanks。 （20%)21。Consonant sounds can be either _ or _, while all vowel sounds are _.22.Consonant sounds can also be made when two organs of speech in the mouth are brought close together so that the air is pushed out between them， causing _.23.The qualities of vowels depend upo

25、n the position of the _ and the lips。24。One element in the description of vowels is the part of the tongue which is at the highest point in the mouth. A second element is the _ to which that part of the tongue is raised。25.Consonants differ from vowels in that the latter are produced without _.26. I

26、n phonological analysis the words fail / veil are distinguishable simply because of the two phonemes /f/ /v/。 This is an example for illustrating _。27。In English there are a number of _, which are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening positions.28。 _ refers to the

27、 phenomenon of sounds continually show the influence of their neighbors。29. _ is the smallest linguistic unit。30. Speech takes place when the organs of speech move to produce patterns of sound. These movements have an effect on the _ coming from the lungs。IV。 Explain the following terms， using examp

28、les. （20)31. Sound assimilation32. Suprasegmental feature33. Complementary distribution 34. Distinctive featuresV.Answer the following questions. (20%）35。What is acoustic phonetics？（中国人民大学，2003）36.What are the differences between voiced sounds and voiceless sounds in terms of articulation?(南开04)VI. Analyze the following situation. （20%)37.Write the symbol that corresponds to each of the following phonetic descriptions； then give an English word that contains this sound。 Example: voiced alveolar stop d dog。 （青岛海洋大学，1999） （1） voiceless bilabial u