高考英语专题讲练三形容词和副词.docx

1、高考英语专题讲练三形容词和副词形容词和副词【考点分析】1.形容词、副词的作用与位置;多个形容词作定语排列的顺序enough作修饰成分时的位置问题及形容词作后置定语形容词作伴随状语和原因状语2.表语形容词的特点及连系动词+形容词作表语;3.形容词、副词比较等级的用法;原级的用法比较级的用法最高级的用法形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况由as/so组成的形容词或副词短语more /less than及其相关结构4.容易混淆的形容词、副词的区别。【知识点归纳】形容词和副词是历年英语高考的重点。要复习好这一块知识点，考生不仅要掌握其基础知识，同时要牢记其中的重点和难点，也是高考的热点。I.形容词、副词的作

2、用与位置1.形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种情况，须牢记：几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语(The、A)+ 描绘性形容词 + size(大小)+ shape(形状)+ age(年龄、时间)+ color(颜色)+origin(国籍、来源)+material(材料)+ purpose(目的)+名词;a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,the mans first tow interesting little re

3、d French oil paitings熟记口诀就可以顺利解题：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。形容词短语作定语，定语后置;a language difficult to master,a leaning tower about 180 feet highThis is a student worth of praise.They will turn their motherland into a country, beautiful and modern.表语形容词(afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等)作定语，定语后

4、置;a man alive：活着的人有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”;形容词作定语修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时，通常后置;I have something important to tell you.enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置，程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面，enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置;else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语;几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式地点时间;

5、频度副词如often、always、usually等在be动词后，行为动词前;副词作定语，定语后置;The person there is waiting for you.复合形容词常用作定语，个别也可以作表语。He was a 12-year-old boy.He is good-natured.复合形容词的构成：形容词+名词-ed：kind-hearted好心的，white-haired白发的形容词+形容词：red-hot炽热的，dark-blue深蓝的形容词+现在分词：good-looking好看的，easy-going随和的副词+现在分词：hard-working勤劳的，fast-mo

6、ving快速转动的副词+过去分词：hard-won得来不易的，newly-made新建的名词+形容词：life-long终生的，world-famous世界闻名的名词+现在分词：peace-loving爱好和平的，fun-loving爱开玩笑的名词+过去分词：snow-covered白雪覆盖的，hand-made手工的数词+名词 + ed：four-storeyed 4层楼的，three-legged 3条腿的数词+名词(名词用单数)：ten-year 10年的, two-man两人的2.形容词作伴随状语和原因状语He spent 7days in the wind and snow，cold

7、 and hungry.他在风雪中度过了7天，又冷又饿。She stared into the distance, speechless for a long time.她盯着远处看，好长时间不讲话。Afraid of being caught，the thief hid himself under a bed.因为害怕被抓，这个小偷藏在床下面。II.连系动词与形容词象get,grow,become,feel,appear,prove ,look,keep,smell,taste,sound,go,turn,remain等这些动词既可以用作为实义动词又可以用作连系动词，因而要根据上下文语境判断

8、究竟是什么性质的动动词才能正确解题。请看下面这道选择题：We dont care if a hunting dog smells_,but we really dont want him to smell_.A. well; well B. bad; badly C. well; badly D. badly; bad第一个“smell”是“闻起来”的意思，是连系动词，用形容词。第二个“smell”是实义动词，用副词来修饰;此外well作形容词是表示人身体好、气色好，用在此句中不行，只能作副词用。答案是B。句意是：“我们不在乎猎狗闻起来难闻，但是我们确实不希望它的嗅觉力差。III.形容词、副词

9、比较等级的用法形容词、副词有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级，其构成形式如下：规则变化：单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词未尾加-er,-esttalltallertallest以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-stnicenicernicest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er,-estbigbiggerbiggest以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-estbusybusierbusiest少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-estc

10、levernarrowcleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级importanteasilymore importantmore easilymost importantmost easily不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/manymoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest注意：many,old和

11、far比较级及最高级用法的区别如果后接名词时，much more +不可数名词，many more +可数名词复数。old有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。elder，eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。My elder brother is an engineer.Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.far有两种比较级，farther，further.在英语中两者都可指距离。在美语中，father表示距离，further表示进一步I have nothing further to say.1.原级的

12、用法表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as+原级形容词/副词+ as”的结构;表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as)+原级形容词/副词+ as”的结构;表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数+ as+原级形容词/副词+ as”的结构。Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.This building looks not so (as)high as that one.Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .This room is three times as large as that one.2.比较级的用

13、法双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级+than”的结构表示;This picture is more beautiful than that one.注意：比较对象的一致性请看下面这道选择题：The weather in China is different from_ _.A. in America B. one in America C. America D. that in America本题意为中国的天气比美国热。比较的是天气而不是国家，C不能选。A没有名词，后句成分不全，排除。B和D中，B中的one常用来代替可数名词，而that可车以代替不可数或抽象名词，所以选D。要避免将主

14、语包含在比较对象中(错)China is larger than any country in Asia.(对)China is larger than any other countries in Asia.注意比较对象的省略或隐藏：有时省略或不点明被比较的对象，而是通过语境来暗示被比较的对象。请看下面这两道选择题：If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happie

15、r time本题将比较的对象隐藏在虚拟条件句中，即：与没有考试的时候相比。本题答案选D。I dont think this film is by far the most boring.I have seen_.A. better B. worse C. the best D. the worst由前文“我认为这部电影不是最没趣的”可知，“我看过(比这部)更差的电影”，省略了than this one。本题答案是B。It takes a long time to go there by train; its _by road.A. quick B. the quickest C. much q

16、uick D. quicker由语境可知，句末省略了than by train，用比较级。本题答案是D。表示一方不及另一方时，用“less+原级+than”的结构表示;This room is less beautiful than that one.表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修饰;He works even harder than before.注意：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the

17、”。He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the +比较级(主语+谓语)，the +比较级(主语+谓语)”的结构(意为“越越”);The harder he works, the happier he feels.不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级+ and+比较级”的结构;The weather is getting colder and colder.The girl becomes more and more be

18、autiful.某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior(劣等的，次的)、superior(较好的，优于)、junior(资历较浅的)、senior(资格较老的)、prior(在之前)等;He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词;The book on the table is more interesting th

19、an that(或the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.否定词+比较级该结构用否定形式表示肯定意义。要掌握该结构的用法，须注意以下几点：该结构多为“cant /couldnt +比较级”的形式I cant agree with you more.我再同意你的意见不过了。(或：我完全同意你的意见。)The weather couldnt be worse.天气再糟糕不过了。He couldnt have done better.他做得再好不过了。用于该结构中的否定词除了not之外，还有n

20、o，never，nothing等This could give her no greater pleasure.这使她再高兴不过了。Theres nothing cheaper.这东西再便宜不过了。There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.为朋友而放弃生命的爱是最伟大的爱。当该结构中的比较级为less时，其意义为“一点也不”试比较：He couldnt care more.他非常介意。(或：他最关心不过了。)He couldnt care less.他毫不介意。(或：他最

21、漠不关心了。)注意：反过来用肯定形式表示否定意义。这种用法主要见于：know better than+不定式。这种结构意为“不至于”You have a better command of French than to make such mistakes.你的法语较好，不至于犯这样的错误。He is more experienced than to do such a thing.他比较有经验，不至于做这样的事。more thancan。这种句型形式上是肯定，实际上有否定含义The boys in the street have become very insolent and it is

22、more than flesh and blood can bear.街上的男孩变得非常无礼,到了人所不能忍受的地步。The beauty of the place is more than I can describe.那地方美得无法形容。倍数表达法A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(高)/这座新楼比那座旧楼大(高)三倍。A is three(fo

23、ur, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.3.最高级的用法三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the +最高级”的结

24、构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语;Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works(the)hardest in his class.最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰;This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.表示“最高

25、程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也没有比较级。形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略;He is the tallest(boy)in his class.作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.4.形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词;形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”;He is a most clever young policeman.(most=very)The

26、 film is most interesting.(most=very)as+形容词+a+单数名词;This is as good an example as the other is.表示两者间“较的一个”比较级前加the;who is the older of the tow boys?在“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”结构中;在same前一般要加the;What +a/an+形容词+单数可数名词=How+形容词+ a/an+单数可数名词What an interesting film it is!=How interesting a film it is!so和such的用法

27、so + 形容词 / 副词 + that so + 形容词 + a(n)+ 单数可数名词 + that so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that 下列词组中为什么只能用so不可用such?so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。因为名词受many、much、little、few等表示“多或少”意义的词修饰

28、。下列这句中such用得对不对?(对)。为什么?These are such little boys that they cant dress themselves.因为little在这儿表示“小”，而不是表示“少”的意思。下列so的用法是错误的：so difficult problems, so hot weather为什么?因为problems是复数，weather是不可数名词。有些形容词前加the 成为名词。如the poor、the rich 等。5.由as/so组成的形容词或副词短语as much as + 不可数名词：多达Each stone weighs as much as f

29、ifteen tons.as many as + 可数名词：多达I have as a many as sixteen reference books.as early as：早在As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.as far as：远到;就而知(论)We might go as far as (走到)the church and back.As far as I know(就我所知)，he has been there before.may (might, could)as well：不妨、不如Then you might as well stay with us here.as as can be：到了最的程度，极其They are as unreliable as they can be.他们极其不可信。as as one can：尽其所能He began to run, as