中科院英语期中考试翻译.docx

1、中科院英语期中考试翻译1.Most houses and commercial structures that were constructed after 1980, when Japans building code had its last major revision, are still standing.日本最近一次对其建筑规范进行重大修订是在1980年，之后的大部分房屋和商业建筑至今仍完好无损。Charles Scawthorn, vice president of EQE International, a San Francisco firm that specializes

2、in quake-resistant engineering, says that ”This is the real heart of the seismic-hazard problem. ”国际EQE的副总裁，San Francisco 公司的抗震工程师Charles Scawthorn说：“这（改进现在的建筑结构）就是地震危害的核心问题。”What he saw convinced him that relatively simple precaution could have prevented the most common form of damage: the roofs an

3、d upper stories of buildings crashing down onto lower floors.看到的使他相信那些相对简单的预防措施应该能够防止最常见的毁害：房顶和上层倒塌在下面的地板上 In the traditional Japanese house, Scawthorn says, the first floor lacks interior walls that could help support the weight of the second floor, as they would for a Western homeScawthorn说，传统的日本房

4、屋缺乏用于支撑第二层楼重量的内墙，而西方房屋的内墙则能支撑二层楼的重量。2.Not since the first decades of the twentieth century have so many people entered the United Sates.从20 世纪的开始10年，才开始有那么多的移民进入美国。Opponents of English as an official language say that bilingual education is a more realistic, long-term solution for helping foreign-bo

5、rn Americans assimilate.不赞成将英语作为官方语言的反对者说，双语教育对于帮助外籍美国人融入本土是一种更为现实长效的方案3.Neither cancer nor heart disease, the two most common physical conditions that threaten life at this age level, are responsible for nearly as many deaths as the motor vehicle accident.无论是癌症还是心脏病，即在这个年龄层中最常见的危及生命的两种身体状况，它们所导致的死亡

6、都远不及机动车事故所造成的死亡人数It may be important to add that the motor vehicle death rate begins to decline markedly after this peak between ages twenty to twenty-four.也许值得补充的是，对于年龄在二十到二十四岁之间的人来说，因机动车而死亡的人数达到峰值，在这年龄段之后，这一死亡率便会急剧下降4.Mathematical imagination and an intuitive grasp of mathematical principles may w

7、ell be needed to do advanced research, but why should people who can do college-level work in other subjects not be able to do college-level math as well?对于做高级研究的人来说，具备把握数学规律的思想和直觉是必须的，但是对大学里做其它工作的人员来说，为什么不能很好地解决大学水平上的数学问题呢？因为对数学的学习程度不同。Since only a few people are supposed to have this mathematical

8、mind, part of what makes us so passive in the face of our difficulties in learning mathematics is that we suspect all the while we may not be one of “them” and we spend our time waiting to find out when our nonmathematical minds will be exposed.因为只有一些人被认为是具有数学天分的，在学习数学面对困难时，部分的天分使我们如此被动，以致我们怀疑我们始终不是

9、他们中的一员，我们花费所有的时间去等待发现我们的非数学天分何时暴露。5.A number of critics and literary historians have remarked that the nineteenth-century American drama is marked that not only by its relative lack of quality and integrity when compared with other types of American literature but by its lack of any national origina

10、lity, any quality other than a superficial interest in “local color” and folklore that can be consisdered distinctively American. 大量的评论员和文学历史学家，他们评论说，和美国其他类型的文学艺术相比，19世纪的美国戏剧相对缺乏特点和完整性，不仅如此，它还缺乏民族原创性，它只在“本地特色”和民俗上有些肤浅的兴趣，这些“本地特色”和民俗被认为是美国人特有的。It seems,” says Barrett H. Clark, “in reading the hundred

11、s of surviving plays of nineteenth century, that the best of them were the work of more or less ingenious children who lived in a world that had done no thinking since 1620. ”克拉克说，“读了上百篇幸存下来的19世纪的戏剧后，似乎那些最好的戏剧是或多或少的天才儿童的作品，这些儿童生活在一个自从1620年就没有了思想的世界里。”This gulf between drama and serious literature co

12、ntinued well into the twentieth century, and was actually not bridged effectively until the period after the First World War.戏剧和严肃文学之间的分歧在二十世纪依然存在，实际上直到第一次世界大战以后，他们之间才有了有效的沟通。6.Hundreds of thousands of informal gathering spots that once nurtured community across the country have disappeared.成千上万的那些曾

13、经鼓励全国交流的非正式集会场所都消失了。In Los Angeles we are hesitant to leave our sheltered home in order to visit friends or to participate in cultural or entertainment events because every such outing involves a major investment of time and nervous strain in driving long distances. 在洛杉矶，为了拜访朋友或是参加文化或娱乐活动,我们出门都会犹豫因为

14、每次出去都需要很长时间，长途驾驶也使人精神紧张。7.And in the 30 minutes before the crash, the pilots did not conduct an “approach briefing” especially important because Cali air controllers lost a radar station three years ago, when antigovernment guerrillas knocked it out.，在失事前30分钟，飞行员没发送“接近通知”，这个通知对于此次飞行安全尤其重要，因为早在3年前反政府

15、武装将雷达站推倒后，使得卡里地面指挥无法使用它American may also confront the backlash airlines face after a catastrophe.在经历了这一场大灾难后美国也遭到航空公司的强烈反对质疑。8.However, the exact mechanism by which selective damage to the substantia nigra occur is unknown.但是，对黒质选择性的损害的产生的准确原理还不清楚9.Like sex and a good many other natural phenomena, a

16、rt must be a little disreputable to be any good, and science fiction writing is nothing if not an art. But too much ill repute, and the art, like sex, turns sour.正如性以及其他诸多的自然现象一样，艺术就要引起一点点非议才会显得有价值，科幻小说毫无疑问就是一件艺术品。The audience I write for is particularly intrigued by the notion that we can think and

17、 feel our way into forward times, that we can open the darkly wrapped package of the future before the allowed Christmas morning.我的读者尤其被这样的一些观念所吸引：我们可以思考和感觉我们通往超前时代的路，以及我们可以在允许打开包裹的圣诞节早晨来临前打开充满未知的包裹。It is also a test of the writer, tougher than any other aesthetic test I know, for not only do we go

18、up against a tough-minded audience (in principle, at least) but reality itself.这也是作家的一种测试，据我所知这是比其他美学测试都困难的，不仅因为我们要去对付一个意志坚强的观众（首要的和最基本的），还有事实本身。10.Articles in a newsletter published by the LA chapter of the high-IQ society Mensa have sparked outrage by appearing to advocate the extermination of the

19、 homeless, the mentally retarded, the old and the infirm.高智商协会门萨的洛杉矶分会在一个新闻通讯上发表文章，似乎提倡无家可归者，弱智，老人和体弱者都应该根除，这已经引起了民愤Those people who are so mentally defective that they cannot live in society should, as soon as they are identified as defective, be humanely dispatched.这些人的智商是如此的发育不健全，以致他们不能s生活在这个社会，当

20、他们被确定为智力迟钝时，应该被友好地/人道地地驱逐In another article, attorney and Mensa member Jason Brent contended that Adolf Hitlers greatest offence was not the killing of 6 million Jews in the Nazi Holocaust, but “the fact that his actions prevent a rational discussion of the creation of the master race.”在另外一篇文章，律师和门萨

21、的成员Jason Brent争辩说，希特勒最大的罪行不是在纳粹大屠杀中杀害600万犹太人，而是“他阻止了关于优势种族的创造的讨论这样一个事实。”11.The theories include speculation that Leonardo may have painted two or more versions of the “Mona Lisa”, or similar portraits of two different models; that the “Mona Lisa” is not a portrait at all, but a composite of several

22、elegant women idealized by Leonardo.这些理论包括这样的推断：达芬奇可能至少画了两个版本的“蒙娜丽莎”，或者是两个不同模特的相似画像；“蒙娜丽莎”根本不是一个真实的画像，而是由达芬奇理想化了的一些优雅女人的综合体。Additionally, there is a stubborn underground of claimants in Europe and America who firmly believe that their own versions were actually printed by Leonardo.加之，在欧洲和美国有一批顽固的申请者

23、，他们确信自己的版本由达芬奇所画。Brought to America in 1797 by William Henry Vernon, and now in a New Jersey bank vault, this portrait shows a younger, more vibrant “Lisa” and with background details as perfect as in any Leonardo.这幅画于1797年被威廉亨利弗农带到美国，现被放在新泽西一家银行地下室，这幅画像展现了一个更加年轻，更加生机的丽萨，并且具有比其他达芬奇的花一样完美的背景细节12.The

24、man appears to treat the job in a cavalier fashion, working and not working as the spirit moves him, as if all that matters is the immediate satisfaction of his present appetites, the surrender to present moods, and the indulgence of whims with no thought for the cost, the consequences, the future.这

25、种人以一种随心所欲的方式对待工作，工作还是不工作全凭他的心情，仿佛满足此刻的欲望，顺应现在的心情和放纵一时兴起的念头就是所要做的全部，根本不用考虑（什么）代价，结果和未来。It is this “present-time orientation” as against the “future orientation” of the middle-class person that “explains” to the outsider why Leroy chooses to spend the day at the Carry-out rather than report to work；wh

26、y Richard, who was paid Friday, was drunk Saturday and Sunday and penniless Monday; why Sweets quit his job today because the boss looked at him “funny” yesterday.这种及时行乐的人生观与中产阶级未雨绸缪人生观相反，它向局外人表明了，为什么Leroy选择整天走神而不去汇报工作；为什么Richard周五才发工资周末就酗酒花个精光；（还有）为什么Sweets会让他的老板看到他昨天出丑，以至于今天丢了工作。The difference bet

27、ween the two men lies not so much in their different orientations to time as in their different orientations to future time, or more specifically, to their different futures.这两种人的不同点与其说是在于他们对时间态度，倒不如说是在于他们对于未来时间的态度的不同，更具体地说是他们不同的未来。13.Some reckless people dispute these facts; what isnt disputed is t

28、hat Feltmans delicacy was popular enough to build its inventor an enormous restaurant on Coney, a complex of beer gardens and breezeways that ran along west 10th Street from Surf Avenue to the shore.一些鲁莽的人对这些事实表示异议；无可厚非的是福尔德曼美味的食物如此受欢迎，以至于使它的发明者在科尼建立了一个巨大的饭店，它是露天啤酒店和有屋顶道路的复合体，从第十西街从激浪大道一直延伸到海滨。14.Mo

29、re and more, however, it has become apparent that the void exists not because of the natural inferiority of women but because of social factors that have not allowed women to fulfill any but the most limited roles.然而，越来越显而易见的是，这种空缺的存在并不是因为女性天生的次要性，而是因为社会因素，他不允许女性担当任何仅仅是最受限制的角色The sexist ideology is

30、a system of beliefs that justifies the inequality that governs the way the two sexes are treated in society.性别观念是这样的一个信念体系，它用来判断在社会上对待管理两性方式的不公平性Rather, it is that “different” has acquired the value superior/inferior and specifically that men are superior and women inferior.甚至，这种不同还承认了等级上的高与低，具体来说，就

31、是男性优于女性Social scientists, who saw the similarity of the condition of women to that of minorities quite some time ago, point out that, in addition to the inequality in treatment, women are physically distinct and vulnerable. 社会学家发现一些时候女性的生活情况与少数群体的非常相似。指出，除了在对待上不公平外，女性在身体上还有区别且易受到伤害。However, women ar

32、e not residentially segregated, and their social distance from men is less great. In fact, women control much of the wealth of the nation, although most have inherited it from husbands of fathers.然而，女性并不是与世隔绝的，她们与男性的社会距离并不是很大。事实上，女性掌握了社会的大量财富，尽管是从她父亲或丈夫那里继承而来的。15.But granted the idealized conditions of a glass-calm sea and a silent ship, nothing that happens below decks no amount of observation or mechanical experiment performed inside the ship will disclose its velocity through the sea.但是允许理想条件的情况下，风平浪静的海平面和一只无声的船，甲板下面什么都不会发生，船