届高三英语精品资源高三英语一轮复习名师语法讲座.docx

1、届高三英语精品资源高三英语一轮复习名师语法讲座2018年高三英语一轮复习名师语法讲座状语从句专项精讲精练基本用法：状语从句在句中只做状语，可修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导，位置可放在句首或句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用逗号；放在句末时，从句前往往不用逗号。状语从句根据含义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、让步、条件、等八种。状语从句的考查主要在从属连词、时态和语序上。从属连词的选择主要从连词的意义入手；时态主要从一致性和先后关系考虑；语序是陈述句的语序。一、时间状语从句常用以下连词：when, as, while, before, after, since,

2、till, until, as soon as, hardlywhen, no soonerthan, the moment, etc.1.when引导的从句：从句的动作可以和主句的动作同时进行，也可以先于或后于主句的动作发生。Eg. I was going out when Li Hua came. When it rains, I go to school by bus.They continued their way when the storm had passed.The train had left when I got to the station. I shall tell h

3、er the news when she comes.2.as引导的从句：从句的动作可以和主句的动作同时进行。As the students walked along the river, they sang happily.3.while引导的从句：强调某一段时间主句和从句的动作在同一时期进行。Keep an eye on my baby while Im busy.While有时表示对比， I was doing my homework while he was listening to the radio.4.before引导的从句：表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。I didnt k

4、now any English before I came here.I had finished my homework before my parents came here.5.after引导的从句：表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。After he closed the door, he left. After he had finished school he went to the university.6. since引导的从句：从句一般表示动作的起点，用过去时。主句表示动作的延续的情况，一般用现在完成时。如果主句表示的不是延续的动作而是表示目前的状态，可用一般现在时。 Sin

5、ce he entered the university, he has made great progress in maths studies.It is 20 years since she joined the party.7. till/until引导的从句：1)表示“直到”，主句和从句都用肯定式；2）表示“直到才”，主句用否定式，从句用肯定式。Eg. They worked till it was dark. She didnt go to bed until she had reviewed her lessons.8. as soon as引导的从句：主句和从句一般都用过去时；

6、当主句的时态是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Eg. He began to read English as soon as he came to the classroom. He will write to me as soon as he arrives there.二、原因状语从句 常由 because, since, as引导.Eg. He didnt come to school because he was ill. （表示直接的因果关系）As the weather was fine, we decided to go on a trip. （表示明显的原因）Si

7、nce everybody is here, lets begin our meeting. （表示附带的原因）三、地点状语从句： 常由where, wherever引导.Eg. Ill go where the living conditions are difficult.Wherever you are , you should work hard. Make marks where you dont understand.四、条件状语从句：常有if, unless, so/as long as, once等连接词或连接词组引导Eg. Ill go to the Great Wall t

8、omorrow, would you like to go with me?I shall go unless it rains. You may use the book as long as you return it on time.五、比较或方式状语从句：常由asas, than, the morethe more, as , as if等引导.Eg.Im as tall as you, but you are stronger than I.The more you practise ,the more knowledge you will get. We should study

9、as hard as Lenin studied.The old man runs very fast as if he were a young man.六、目的状语从句：常由so that, that, in order that引导.Eg. He set out early (so) that he could catch the first bus. She takes notes carefully in class so that she may use them when she reviews her lessons.七、结果状语从句：常由so that, sothat,suc

10、hthat等词引导.Eg. The students did the exercises so well that the teacher praised them in class. It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it away. He got up early so that he caught the first bus.八、让步状语从句常由though, although, even if. however, whatever, no matter how/who等词引导.Eg. Although they did heavy

11、work that day, they were all in high spirits. She carried on the job even if she has had a bad cold for several days now. However much I tried, I failed to work out the maths problem.状语从句的特殊连词状语从句是高考中从句考查的热点。引导状语从句除用常规连词以外，我们还常见到一些表现形态特殊的连词，这类连词可分为以下六种：一、名词型连词表时间的有the moment, the instant, the minute

12、, the second（一就）every/each time（每当，每次），next time （下次），the last time（上次）， the first time（第一次）；表达方式和条件的有the way（按照，像，如果照这样下去）；表让步的有no matter（无论）等.Eg. The moment he entered the room, Bill fixed the chain across the door. You must do the way (=as) your teachers teach you. The way(=if) you are studying n

13、ow, youll make much progress. No matter how(=However) badly they had slept she was always up early.二、副词型连词instantly, immediately/ directly（一 就），其语气依次由强到弱；now that（既然）；everywhere（每一的地方）和wherever意思接近；once（一旦）等.Eg. The young lady rushed into the room immediately he heard the noise.Now that they could r

14、ide horses, it became easier to hunt the bison.Everywhere I go, I find the same thing.对比以下句子：I have looked for my pen everywhere.(adv.)She went to see him immediately after she got the letter.(adv.)一 分词型连词这类分词失去了日常分词作状语时应考虑的句子主语的逻辑关系，完全成了连词，主要表示条件、原因和让步关系，有providing，provided（多用于正式文体）（that）（假如，只要），su

15、pposing（用于问句），suppose（that）（假如）， seeing （that）（既然），considering （that）（考虑到，因为），granting/ granted (that) (即使)等。Eg. She will go provided her friends can go also.Supposing/ Suppose she doesnt come, what shall we do?Seeing quite a few comrades were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.Considering th

16、eyre just beginners, theyre doing quite a good job.二 介词名词型连词on condition that（条件是），in case（如果；以防）in order that（为了，以便）， for fear that（以防），by the time（到时），in spite of the fact that/in spite that（尽管）, in view of the fact（鉴于）等。Eg. Well let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy. S

17、end us a message in case you have any difficulty. He spoke loudly in order that everybody could hear him. Shut the door for fear that it will rain.对比以下用法： Shut the door for fear of rain. In case of fire, ring the bell.三 呼应型连词这类连词由两部分构成，前后呼应，有以下几种：1. 表示时间的no soonerthan，hardly when，scarcely when(一就)Eg

18、. He had hardly gone to bed when the door bell rang. No sooner had he reached the station than the train left.2. 表示结果的so/such that（如此以致于）Eg. It is such a good book that nobody doesnt want to get it. So fast did he walk that none of us was his equal.3. 表示比较的as as（和一样）， not as/ so as(不如)。Eg. Jack does

19、nt work as hard as Jim.4. 表示让步的whether or（无论还是） Eg. Whether he drives or flies, hell be here on time.四 As as惯用型连词这类连词有：as far as（就而言，尽所能，只要），so long as（只要），as soon as（一就）等。遇到这类结构要注意区分是固定连词，还是as.as比较结构.Eg. I will help you as far as I can. As long as you dont lose heart, youll succeed sooner or later.

20、 Could you ring me up as soon as he arrives?常见考点：考点一、主句与从句的时态呼应问题；考点二、连接词的选择（注意区别几组连接词：while / as / when引导时间状语从句；because / since / as / for引导原因状语从句；if / unless引导条件状语从句；sothat / suchthat引导结果状语从句等）；考点三、状语从句与非谓语动词之间的替换；考点四、状语从句的倒装结构（hardly / scarcelywhen；no soonerthan等） Can you see as far as the foot o

21、f the hill？2018年高三英语一轮复习主谓一致专项精讲精练基本用法及常见考点在英语中，句中谓语动词必须在人称和数上与主语保持一致，主要遵循以下三个原则： 语法一致原则 主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。Jane and Mary look healthy and strong. He likes reading stories.Some of the furniture has been moved to another room.意义一致原则Her family are all early risers.The old are taken goo

22、d care of in our motherland.就近一致原则 Not only the students but also the teacher doesnt know about it.There is a book and two pens on the desk.下面就从名词做主语、代词做主语、数词量词做主语等四个方面进行详细分析。I.名词作主语:1 集体名词做主语1)有些集体名词（如：family, class, crowd, crew, enemy, team, public, government, club, army, group等）作主语，如果视为一个整体，谓语动词

23、用单数;若就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数。My family is a big one.（整体） The whole family are watching TV.（具体成员）The village is not far from here.（整体）. The whole village are out greeting him. （具体成员）2)有些集体名词（如：people,police,cattle，folk, mankind）只当复数看待,谓语动词用复数。 The police are searching for him. Cattle are one cause of the

24、problem.3)有些无生命的集体名词（如：jewellery, poetry, equipment, clothing等）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Much of her jewellry was missing. The equipment of the lab is carried by two trucks. 注意：population用法 The population in our country is very large and eighty percentof the population are farmers.2.表示时间、金额、度量、距离等复数名词作主语时，作整体看待，

25、谓语动词用单数。 Three years has passed. Ten thousand dollars is not enough.3.国名、书报名、剧名、山水名、城市名、学科等专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。山脉（the Himalayas）、群岛(the Philippines)、瀑布(the Nigara Falls)等名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 The United Nations was founded in 1945. Maths seems to be difficult for me. TheSelected Poems of LiBai was published

26、long ago. Wales lies to the west of England. The Philippines lie to the southeast of China.(群岛)4.一些由两个部份构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语常用复数形式，如：clothes,trousers,shoes,shorts,glasses,goods,chopstics(筷子) 等，但由a pair of,a kind of,a series of等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。Her trousers are beautiful indeed. A pair of shoes was on th

27、e desk.5.单复数同形的名词（如： means,works,Chinese,Japanese，sheep, deer, fish等），作单数时，谓语用单数;反之谓语用复数。The glass works was rebuilt in July,1979.The (These) glass works are near the railway station. 它们前面有a, such a,this,that，every等 修饰时，谓语用单数；有all,such,these,those修饰时，谓语用复数。Means,no means,the means前无修饰词时，谓语单复数均可。Ever

28、y means has been tried.（每一种办法） All means have been tried.（所有办法） There is(are) no means of getting there.6.不定代词each,every, no修饰的名词，即使以and或逗号连接成多个并列主语，谓语的动词仍然用单数形式。 Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in the future.7.主语由more than one或many a构成，意义复数，谓语动词却用单数。More than one student has seen t

29、he film “Titanic”.Many a ship has been damaged in the storm. 但“ more+名词复数+than one”作主语，谓语动词一般用复数形式。More young teacthers than one are against this plan。8.the number of,a/the/this pair(kind, type) of, either/neither of +名词复数作主语，谓语动词用单数 Is either of your parents an engineer? There is a pair of shoes le

30、ft on the shelf. This kind of book=a book of this kind ( 这种书 )，其谓语用单数；this kind of men=men of this kind,但前者谓语用单数，后者谓语用复数。 This kind of men is dangerous. Men of this kind are dangerous.9.主语+as well as ( as much as, no less than, with, along with, together with, rather than, like, but, except, besides

31、, including ) 时，其谓语单复数与主语保持一致。 The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom. Nothing but stamps and envelopes is for sale.10.由and, both and 连接并列主语时，谓语动词常用复数。 Plastics and rubber never rot. Both my father and my sister are writers. 但并列主语表示同一人、同一事物、同一概念，谓语动词用单数。 The poet and writer is gone. Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habbit. A knife and fork is on the table. Bread and butter is served for the brea