机械英文名词.docx

1、机械英文名词1机构学 2极限与配合 3疲劳强度 4可靠性 5振动与冲击 6摩擦学 7螺纹连接 8轴上零件 9键连接 10销钉连接 11联轴器 12离合器 13制动器 14滑动轴承 15滚动轴承 16弹簧 17传动一般 18齿轮传动 19传动装置 20锥齿轮传动 21谐波传动 22蜗杆传动 23带传动 24链传动 25其他零件 1机构学 机构学 theory of mechanisms机构 mechanism机器 machine机械 machinery构件 link主动件 driving link 从动件 driven运动副 kinematic pair铰链连接 hinge, pilot pin

2、 joint复合铰链 compound hinges, multiple hinges运动链 kinematic chain低副 lower pair高副 higher pair自由度 degree of freedom虚约束 redundant constraint, passive constraint机构简图 schematic diagram of mechanism机构运动简图 kinematic diagram of mechanism机构综合 synthesis of mechanism机构运动学 kinematics of mechanism速比 velocity ratio

3、of link 传动比 transmission ratio速度瞬心 instantaneous center of velocity机械动力学 dynamics of machinery驱动力 driving force扰动力 perturbed force工作阻力 effective resistance静载荷 static load 动载荷 dynamic load离心力 centrifugal force作用力 active force, applied force反作用力 reaction等效力 equivalent force 力矩 moment力偶 couple力偶矩 momen

4、t of couple力平衡 equilibrium扭矩 torque, torsional moment等效力矩 equivalent moment效率 efficiency等效构件 equivalent link等效质量 equivalent mass转动惯量 moment of inertia惯性积 product of inertia极转动惯量 polar moment of inertia回转半径 radius of gyration飞轮 flywheel调速器 governor, speed regulator转子的静平衡 static balance of rotor转子的动平衡

5、 dynamic balance of rotor平衡质量 balancing mass质径积 mass-radius product连续系统 continuous system离散系统 discrete system变质量系统 variable mass system连杆机构 linkage mechanism连架杆 side link曲柄 crank连杆 coupler, floating link摇杆 rocker滑块 slider导杆 guide bar, guide link四杆机构 four-bar mechanism曲柄摇杆机构 crank-rocker mechanism曲柄滑

6、块机构 slider- crank mechanism平面铰链四杆机构 planar pivot four-bar mechanism球面铰链四杆机构 spherical pivot four-bar mechanism对心曲柄滑块机构 centric slider-crank mechanism偏置曲柄滑块机构 offset slider-crank mechanism偏心轮机构 eccentric mechanism急回运动机构 quick-return mechanism行程速度变化系数 coefficient of travel speed variation, advance- to

7、-return time ratio凸轮 cam盘形凸轮 plate cam, disk cam移动凸轮 translating cam凸轮从动件 cam follower 直动从动件 translating follower凸轮理论轮廓 cam pitch curve凸轮工作轮廓 cam contour, cam profile回程 return travel推程 rise travel回程运动角 motion angle for return travel推程运动角 motion angle for rise travel近休止角 nearest dwell angle远休止角 farth

8、est dwell angle等速运动轨迹 constant velocity motion curve余弦加速度运动轨迹 cosine acceleration motion curve正弦加速度运动轨迹 sine acceleration motion curve螺旋机构 crew mechanism差动螺旋机构 differential screw mechanism自锁机构 self-locking mechanism间歇运动机构 intermittent mechanism步进机构 step mechanism不完全齿轮机构 incomplete gear mechanism非圆齿轮

9、机构 non-circular gear mechanism槽轮机构 geneva mechanism棘爪 pawl棘轮 ratchet棘轮机构 ratchet mechanism擒纵机构 escapement差动机构 differential mechanism瞬心线机构 centrode mechanism 2极限与配合 尺寸偏差 deviation 基本尺寸 basic size极限尺寸 limits of size 上偏差 upper deviation实际尺寸 actual size下偏差 lower deviation最大极限尺寸 maximum limits of size 最小

10、极限尺寸 minimum limits of size 间隙配合 clearance fit过盈配合 interference fit过渡配合 transition fit公差带 tolerance zone基孔制 hole basic system基轴制 shaft basic system 3疲劳强度 高周疲劳 high-cycle fatigue低周疲劳 low-cycle fatigue接触疲劳 contact fatigue 循环载荷 cyclic loading 随机载荷 random loading 恒幅载荷 constant loading变幅载荷 variable ampli

11、tude loading最大应力 maximum stress最小应力 minimum stress平均应力 mean stress应力幅 stress amplitude循环特性 stress ratio脉动循环 pulsation cycle对称循环 symmetry cycle疲劳强度 fatigue strength疲劳极限 fatigue limit应力集中 stress concentration有效应力集中系数 effective stress concentration factor无限寿命设计 infinite life design有限寿命设计 finite life de

12、sign尺寸系数 size factor 表面加工系数 surface machining factor疲劳积累损伤 cumulative fatigue damage载荷谱 loading spectrum断裂力学 fracture mechanics 4可靠性 可靠性 reliability失效 failure浴盆曲线 bathtub curve 故障 fault概率密度函数 probability density function 5振动与冲击 振动 vibration周期振动 periodic vibration简谐振动 simple harmonic vibration随机振动 ra

13、ndom vibration噪声 noise瞬态振动 transient vibration稳态振动 steady-state vibration受迫振动 forced vibration纵向振动 longitudinal vibration弯曲振动 bending vibration扭转振动 torsional vibration自激振动 self-excited vibration非线性振动 non-linear vibration振动模态 modal of vibration共振 resonance振型 mode shape耦合振型 coupled modes共振频率 resonance

14、 frequency阻尼 damping冲击 shock冲击脉冲 shock pulse机械冲击 mechanical shock冲击波 shock wave冲击响应谱 shock response spectrum 冲击响应谱 shock spectrum 6摩擦学 摩擦学 tribology摩擦 friction磨损 wear润滑 lubrication摩擦系数 friction coefficient当量摩擦系数 equivalent coefficient of friction流体摩擦 fluid friction 干摩擦 dry friction 边界摩擦 boundary lub

15、rication 摩擦材料 friction material 烧结金属 sintered metalic material 金属陶瓷 ceramic friction material 机械磨损 mechanical wear机械化学磨损 mechano-chemical wear 磨料磨损 abrasion, abrasive wear 气蚀磨损 cavitation wear黏着磨损 adhesion wear剥落 spalling涂抹 smearing 擦伤 scratching 咬死 seizure氧化磨损 oxidative 接触疲劳 contact fatigue点蚀 pitti

16、ng微动磨损 fretting wear磨合磨损 running-in wear磨损率 wear rate耐磨性 wear resistance 黏度 viscosity黏弹性 visco-elasticity稠度 consistency 锥入度 penetration流变学 rheology 牛顿流体 Newtonian fluid 雷诺方程 Reynolds equation 轴承特性系数 bearing characteristic number索默菲德数 Sommerfeld number 气体润滑 gas lubrication 液体润滑 fluid lubrication 固体润滑

17、 solid-film lubrication 液体动力润滑 hydrodynamic lubrication 液体静力润滑 hydrostatic lubrication 弹性流体动力润滑 elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication 磁流体动力润滑 magneto-hydrodynamic lubrication 极压润滑 extreme-pressure lubrication连续润滑 continuous lubrication 间歇润滑 periodical lubrication循环润滑 circulating lubrication油浴润滑 bath lubri

18、cation油雾润滑 mist lubrication油环润滑 oil-ring lubrication油垫润滑 pad lubrication润滑剂 lubricant添加剂 additive 7螺纹连接 紧固件 fastener螺旋线 helix螺纹 screw thread圆柱螺纹 parallel screw thread圆锥螺纹 taper screw thread外螺纹 external thread内螺纹 internal thread单线螺纹 single-start thread 多线螺纹 multi-start thread 右旋螺纹 right-hand thread 左

19、旋螺纹 left-hand thread 自攻螺纹 tapping screw thread基本牙型 basic profile牙型角 thread angle牙型半角 half of thread angle 公称直径 nominal diameter 螺纹大径 major diameter 螺纹小径 minor diameter螺纹中径 pitch diameter 螺距 pitch 螺纹导程 lead螺纹升角 lead angle 螺纹牙厚 thread ridge thickness 螺纹槽宽 thread groove width 螺纹旋合长度 length of thread en

20、gagement 螺纹接触高度 thread contact height 螺距偏差 deviation in pitch 螺距累积误差 cumulative error in pitch 螺栓 bolt 双头螺柱 stud六角头螺栓 hexagon bolt 地脚螺栓 foundation bolt T形螺栓 T-head bolt , hammer head bolt螺钉 screw紧定螺钉 set screw自攻螺钉 tapping screw吊环螺钉 lifting eye bolt开槽圆柱头螺钉 slotted cheese head screw 开槽盘头螺钉 slotted pan

21、 head screw 开槽沉头螺钉 slotted countersunk (flat) head screw 开槽半沉头螺钉 slotted raised countersunk (oval) head screw 开槽圆头螺钉 slotted round head screw内六角圆柱头螺钉 hexagon socket head cap head screw内六角沉头螺钉 hexagon socket countersunk head cap head screw十字槽盘头螺钉 cross recessed pan head screw十字槽沉头螺钉 cross recessed co

22、untersunk head screw螺母 nut六角螺母 hexagon nut方螺母 square nut 圆螺母 round nut 滚花高螺母 knurled nut with collar 翼形螺母 wing nut 吊环螺母 lifting nut 垫圈 washer平垫圈 plain washer方垫圈 square washer with round hole弹性垫圈 spring washer 弹簧垫圈 helical spring lock washer 外齿锁紧垫圈 external teeth lock washer 内齿锁紧垫圈 internal teeth loc

23、k washer 单耳止动垫圈 tab washer with long tab 双耳止动垫圈 tab washer with long tab and wing 外舌止动垫圈 external tab washer 内舌止动垫圈 internal tab washer 8轴上零件 轴肩挡圈 ring for shoulder轴端挡圈 lock ring at the end of shaft弹性挡圈 snap ring 钢丝挡圈 round wire9键连接 键 key 花键 spline键槽 key way平键 flat key普通平键 general flat key导向平键 feath

24、er key ,dive key滑键 feather key半圆键 woodruff key楔键 taper key钩头楔键 gib-head taper key切向键 tangential key矩形花键 rectangle spline渐开线花键 involute spline 10销钉连接销 pin圆柱销 cylindrical pin, straight pin 圆锥销 conical pin , taper pin弹性圆柱销 spring-type straight pin ,spring pin开尾圆锥销 taper pin with split槽销 grooved pin销轴 c

25、levis pin with head开口销 cotter pin ,split pin安全销 safety pin快卸销 quick-release pin 11联轴器 联轴器 coupling 刚性联轴器 Rigid coupling套筒联轴器 sleeve coupling凸缘联轴器 flange coupling夹壳联轴器 split coupling齿式联轴器 gear coupling十字滑块联轴器 Oldham coupling 滑块联轴器 NZ clao type coupling链条联轴器 chain coupling万向联轴器 universal joint球笼式同步万向联

26、轴器 synchronizing universal coupling with ball and sacker弹性联轴器 resilient shaft coupling簧片联轴器 flat spring coupling蛇形弹簧联轴器 serpentine steel flex coupling波纹管联轴器 coupling with corrugated pipe牙嵌式联轴器 jaw and toothed coupling膜片联轴器 diaphragm coupling非金属弹性元件联轴器 coupling with non-metallic elastic element轮胎式联轴器

27、 coupling with rubber type element橡胶板联轴器 coupling with rubber plates弹性套柱销联轴器 pin coupling with elastic sleeves梅花形弹性联轴器 coupling with elastic spider弹性柱销齿式联轴器 elastic pin coupling12离合器 离合器 clutch 操纵离合器 controlled clutch 自控离合器 auto-controlled clutch机械离合器 mechanically controlled clutch电磁离合器 electromagne

28、tic clutch超越离合器 overrunning clutch滚柱离合器 roller clutch楔块离合器 sprag clutch离心离合器 centrifugal clutch安全离合器 safety clutch单向离合器 one-way clutch双作用离合器 dual clutch同步离合器 synchro clutch牙嵌式离合器 Jaw clutch摩擦式离合器 friction clutch闸带离合器 brake-band clutch磁粉离合器 magnetic powder clutch接合过程（离合器） engaging(clutch)接合时间（离合器） en

29、gaging time(clutch)分离时间（离合器） disengaging time (clutch) 13制动器 制动器 brake牙嵌式制动器 Jaw brake带式制动器 band brake块式制动器 block brake摩擦制动器 friction brake非摩擦制动器 non-friction brake常开制动器 normally disengaged brake常闭制动器 normally engaged brake电磁涡流制动器 electromagnetic whirlpool brake磁滞制动器 magnetic remanence brake制动衬片 bra

30、ke lining制动块 brake piece制动鼓 brake drum制动蹄 brake shoe制动瓦 shoes of brakes14滑动轴承 轴承 bearing滑动轴承 plain bearing, sliding-contact bearing整体式滑动轴承 solid bearing剖分式滑动轴承 split plain bearing径向滑动轴承 plain purnal bearing止推滑动轴承 plain thrust bearing径向止推滑动轴承 thrust-purnal bearing液体动压滑动轴承 hydrodynamic bearing液体静压滑动轴承 hydrostatic bearing气体静压滑动轴承 aerodynamic bearing固体润滑滑动轴承 bearing with solid lubricant自润滑滑动轴承 self-lubricating bearing多孔质滑动轴承 porous bearing磁