中考词汇详解B.docx

1、中考词汇详解B(B)babyn.C婴儿：His wife had a baby.他的妻子生了个娃娃。/ Some babies cry during the night.有些婴儿夜里哭闹。【用法】有时用于名词前作定语，表示小型的或婴儿用的：baby car汽车/ baby food婴儿食物backadv.1.回(原处)：Is the teacher back yet?经理回来了吗？/ Could I have my pen back, please?我可以拿回我的笔吗？/ She walked away without looking back.她头都没回就走了。2.向后：Move back.

2、向后退。adj.后面的：Have you locked the back door?你锁好了后门没有？n.1.C背后，后部：Lets go round to the back.让我们绕到后面去。2.背，背部：I hurt my back.我弄痛了后背。/ She stood with her back to the window.她背对着窗子站着。【考点】1.通常不与动词return连用(因为return =come back)。2.be back与come (go) back均可表示“回来”，前者侧重指“回来”的状态，后者侧重指“回来”的动作。backachen.C,U背痛：He is su

3、ffering from (a) backache.他患背痛。【用法】在美国英语中用作可数名词，在英国英语中用作不可数名词。badadj.1.坏的，不好的：He came at a bad time.他来的不是时候。/I have some bad news for you, Im afraid.恐怕我给你带来了不好的消息。2.有害的，不利的：Its bad for your eyes.对你的眼睛有害。/ Smoking is bad for your health.吸烟对你的健康有害。3.严重的：He has got a bad cold.他患了重感冒。4.(食物)腐烂的，变质的：Smell

4、 this meatI think its gone bad.闻闻这块肉，我看是变坏了。5.拙劣的：She is bad cook.她做菜做得不好。【考点】为不规则形容词，其比较级和最高级分别为worse和worst：Im worse at maths than John.我的数学不如约翰好。badlyadv.坏，恶劣地；非常：She did badly in the exams.她考试成绩很糟。/ He behaved badly.他表现很坏。/ He wants to go abroad badly.他非常想出国。/ I wanted the book badly.我非常想要这本书。【考点

5、】1.为不规则副词，其比较级和最高级分别为worse和worst：He did worse than you.他比你做得更糟。2.通常位于动词之后可句末，但在被动语态中可位于过去分词之前：His foot was badly hurt.他的脚伤得厉害。bagn.C书包，提包，袋子：Whose bag is this?这是谁的书包? / The bag is full.这袋子是满的。/ I carried the food home in a shopping bag.我把食物装在购物袋里拿回家了。【说明】不少学生认为bag只表示“书包”，这是一种误解，其实它的准确含义是指用比较软的材料做成的、

6、其上端通常有个开口的“包”或“袋”：a traveling bag旅行袋/ a tool bag工具袋balln.1.C球，球形物：kick a ball with ones foot用脚踢球/ miss a ball没接住或没击中球/ passthrow the ball to sb把球传给某人/ The earth is like a ball.地球是个球状物。2.C舞会：How did you enjoy the ball ?你在舞会上玩得愉快吗？bananan.C香蕉：Do you like bananas?你喜欢(吃)香蕉吗？【说明】1.是可数名词：a banana一根香蕉/ thr

7、ee bananas三根得蕉。2.要表示香蕉的“一串”或“一簇”等，一般用单位词hand, bunch, cluster等：a hand of bananas一串香蕉/ a bunch of 16 bananas一簇16只的香蕉banginterj.砰：Bang! Another firework flew into the air.砰！又一枚烟火飞向天空。n.1.C砰的一声：The balloon burst with a bang.气球砰的一声破了。/ The door shut with a bang.门砰然一声关上了。2.猛击(撞)：He fell down and got a ban

8、g on the head.他摔了一跤。头砰的撞了一下。v.1.猛敲，猛撞：They were banging on the door with their fists.他们用拳头砰砰地猛敲门。2.砰然关上：Dont bang the door.不要砰然关门。bankn.1.C(河、海、湖的)岸，堤：We walked along the river bank.我们沿着河岸行走。2.C银行：He works in a bank.他在一家银行工作。barkvi.狗叫：The dog always barks at the postman.这只狗老朝着邮递员叫。n.C狗叫声：The dog has

9、 a very loud bark.这条狗叫声很大。basen.1.C底部，根基，基座：This vase falls a lot because the base is too small.花瓶的底部太小，所以经常翻倒。vt.以为基础(依据)：One should always base ones opinions on facts.意见应以事实为根据。【考点】用作动词，是及物动词，通常在宾语后用介词on表示依据的东西，有时用被动语态：The book is based on a true story.这本书是以一个真实故事为基础写成的。baseballn.1.U棒球(运动)：We went

10、 to see a baseball game.我们去看棒球比赛。2.C棒球赛所用的球：This is a baseball.这是棒球。【考点】作为一项运动，baseball是不可数名词，不用复数，也不连用不定冠词：Baseball is the national game of the US.棒球运动是美国全民性的运动。比较：a baseball team棒球队，其中的不定冠词不是修饰baseball，而是修饰team。BASICn.U初学者通用指令码basicadj.基本的，根本的，简单的：These are the basic rules of driving.这是驾驶的基本规则。/ H

11、e has a basic understanding of the problem.他对于这个问题有基本的了解。basketn.C篮子：a shopping basket购物篮/a basket of eggs一篮鸡蛋/ The basket was full of flowers.那篮子装满了花。basketballn.U篮球(运动)：We play basketball every day.我们每天打篮球。2.C篮球赛所用的球：He bought a basketball.他买了一个篮球。【考点】作为一项运动，basketball是不可数名词，不用复数，也不连用不定冠词：Basketba

12、ll is my favorite game.篮球是我最喜欢的体育项目。bathn.1.C洗澡：I took a hot bath last night.我昨天晚上洗了个热水澡。2.C浴室，澡盆：Is the bath clean?浴缸干净吗？bathroomn.C浴室，盥洗室：She went to the bathroom for a shower.她到浴室淋浴去了。/ Is there a bathroom in this restaurant?餐馆内有洗手间吗?BCn.公元前：Rome was founded in 753 BC.罗马建立于公元前753年。【考点】BC通常应置于年代之后

13、，而不置于年代之前，如“公元前225年”应说成225 BC，而不BC 225。bevi.1.是，成为：It will be fine tomorrow.明天会天晴。/ What are you going to be when you grow up?你长大后想干什么？2.(用于进行时态和被动语态)：This can be discussed later.这可以以后再讨论。/ He must be sleeping now.他现在一定在睡觉。【用法】根据不同的人称和时态，be可以有am, is, are, was, were, being, been等形式：Im old.我老了。/ He is

14、 tired.他累了。/ The thief was caught.小偷被抓住了。/ All the work has been finished.所有的工作都已完成了。beachn.C海滨，海滩：They went down to the beach for a swim.他们去海滩游泳。/ The children were playing on the beach.孩子们正在海滩玩耍。【考点】1.表示“在海滨”或“在海滩上”，一般用介词on，有时也用介词at：We spent the whole afternoon onat the beach.我们整个下午都在海滩上度过。bearn.C

15、熊：a brown bear棕熊/ Bears hibernate during the winter.熊在冬季冬眠。beastn.C野兽，牲畜：the king of beasts百兽之王(指狮子) / beasts and birds鸟畜/ man and beast人畜/ You beast!你这个畜生！beatv.1.敲打：Waves are beating the rocks.波浪拍打着岩石。2.跳动：My heart beat fast at the sight of him.一看见他，我的心跳就加快。3.打赢，打败：You beat me in physics.你物理学得比我强。

16、n.1.C敲打，敲击声，(心脏的)跳动：Cant you hear the beat of my heart?你听不见我心脏跳动的声音吗？2.C(音乐)节拍：Keep in time with the beat of the music.合着音乐的节拍。Beatlesn.甲壳虫乐队，披头士乐队【背景】甲壳虫乐队是20世纪五六十年代英语利物浦一支四人(约翰伦农，林安斯塔尔，保罗麦卡特尼和乔治哈里森)组成的流行音乐乐队，于1962年首次赢得国际声誉，曾风靡一时，1970年解散。【用法】其前通常与定冠词。beautifuladj.美的，美丽的，美观的：What a beautiful day.天气真

17、好。/ Look at that girl! Isnt she beautiful?看看那个女孩，很漂亮吧？/Beijingis one of the most beautiful cities in the world.北京是世界上最美丽的城市之一。/ We lived in a beautiful village.我们住在很美的村子里。【用法】主要用来形容女性，一般不用于男性，但可用来形容小孩或事物。becauseconj.因为：I went to bed early because I was tired.我因为疲倦所以提早睡。/ They didnt go for a walk bec

18、ause it was raining.因为下着雨，所以他们没有出去散步。/ I do it because I like it.我这样做是因为我喜欢这样做。/ I came back because of the rain.因为下雨我回来了。【短语】because of因为：He couldnt come because of illness.他因病不能来。【辨析】because, since, as与for(因为，由于)：1.because可用来回答why提出的问题；而其余三者则不行。2.because表示的是必然的因果关系，语气最强，通常放在主句之后，若需强调则放在主句之前；since和

19、as所表示的原因通常是人们已知的，是对已知事实提供理由，而不表示直接原因，它们引导的从句通常放在主句之前，有时也放在主句之后。至于for，它是并列连词(其余三者为从属连词)，它有时可表示因果关系，有时表示对前面分句内容的解释或推断，总是放在主句之后。【考点】1.汉语习惯上说“因为所以”，但在英语里却不能将so与because连用，如“因为下雨，所以我们呆在家里”不能译为Because it was raining, so we stayed at home，而应译为Because it was raining, we stayed at home.或It was raining, so we

20、stayed at home.2.because是连词，后接句子，而because of是复合介词，后接名词、代词或动名词，不过有时也接what引导的句子(不能接其他形式的句子)：He knew she was crying because of what he had said.他知道她哭是因为他说的话。becomev.1.变得，成为：The room soon became crowded.房间很快变得拥挤起来。/ The weather became warmer.天气变暖和了。/ She wants to become a doctor.她想成为医生。2.适合(某人)，与相称：That

21、 dress becomes you.那件衣服很合你身。【短语】become of发生，遭遇(常与what连用)：What has become of the girl?这个女孩后来怎样了?【考点】1.表示“变成”、“成为”时是作连系动词，其后接名词、形容词等作表语。2.是终止性动词，要表示“成为有多长时间”，它不能与表示一段时间的词或短语连用。如“他成为老师有十年了”不能译为He has become a teacher for ten years，可译为He has been a teacher for ten years。3.其后不接不定式表示“逐渐”，可改用comebegin+不定式：

22、He begancame to like English.他开始喜欢英语起来。(不能用became)bedn.C,U床：We need another bed.我们还需要一张床。/ I like reading in bed.我喜欢躺在床上看书。2.U睡觉：Its time for bed.是睡觉的时候了。【短语】1.go to bed上床睡觉：He goes to bed at nine.他九点上床睡觉。2.in bed在床上(睡觉)：He is still in bed.他还在睡觉。3.put sb to bed安顿某人上床睡觉：Ill just put the children to b

23、ed.我就安顿孩子们去睡觉。【考点】1.其前是否用冠词通常与其含义有关：一般说来，表示“床”时，通常用冠词或其他限定词；表示“睡觉”时，通常不用冠词或其它限定词，表示反之则用：He went to bed at 9 last night.他昨晚9点上床睡觉。/ He went to the bed and found a letter on it.他走到床边,发现上面放着一封信。/He sat by the bed, watching TV.他坐在床边看电视。2.与介词in连用时通常不用冠词，而与介词on连用时则通常要有冠词：It is a bad habit to read in bedon

24、 the bed.躺在床上看书是个坏习惯。bedroomn.C寝室，卧室：The house has two bedrooms.这所房子有两间卧室。/ You can sleep in the spare bedroom.你可以在那间空置的卧室里睡。been.C蜜蜂：as busy as a bee很忙/ Id like to keep bees.我想养蜂。beefn.1.U牛肉：beef steak牛排/ Which do you like better, beef or pork?你喜欢吃牛肉还是猪肉？beepern.C袖珍无线电传呼机，电话呼叫器beern.U,C(一瓶)啤酒：She d

25、rank two glasses of beer.她喝了两杯啤酒。/ Would you like a (glass of )beer?您要不要喝杯啤酒？【考点】1.作为物质名词，不可数；若指一杯(一瓶、一罐、一种)啤酒，则为可数名词：We had several beers.我们喝了好几杯啤酒。/ Three beers, please.请来三杯啤酒。2.说two glasses of beer，意思很清楚，它指“两杯啤酒”；若说two beers，在没有特定的上下文时，其含义是不确定的，可指“两杯啤酒”，也可指“两瓶啤酒”或“两种啤酒”。beforeprep.(时间、位置)在以前；在前面：

26、He stood before me.他站在我前面。/ Ill be back before ten oclock.我会在10点之前回来。/Your name is before mine on the list.在名单上你的名字在我的名字前面。/ Take the medicine before bedtime.这药在睡觉之前吃。adv.(时间、位置)以前：Why didnt you tell me before?为什么你以前不告诉我呢？/ He had never been toLondonbefore.他以前从没去过伦敦。/ I think weve met somewhere befo

27、re.我想我们以前在什么地方见过面。conj.在之前：Turn the lights off before you leave.离开前请关灯。/ Put on more clothes before you go out.加件衣服再出去。/ I said goodbye before I left.动身前我先告别。【考点】1.用作介词表示时间时，其后只能接一点时间，而不能接一段时间：Ill be back before five.我五点前回来。2.用作连词引导时间状语从句时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来，而不能直接用将来时态：Well leave here before he comes bac

28、k.在他回来之前我们要离开这儿。begv.请求，乞求，乞讨：I must beg you to come over here.请你过来一下。/ I beg your pardon. I picked up your bag by mistake.对不起，我误拿了你的提包。/ He was so poor that he had to beg for his meals.他那么穷，只好讨饭吃。【考点】其后可接不定式或不定式的复合结构，但不接动名词：He begged to stay.他请求留下。/ She begged me not to tell her parents.她求我不要告诉她的父母

29、。beginv.开始，着手：Tell me when to begin.告诉我什么时候开始。/ He is going to begin a new business.他将开展新事业。/ Are you ready? OK. Lets begin.你准备好了吗？好，开始吧。/ She began learning English five years ago.五年前她开始学英语。/ He has begun on a new book.他开始读(或写)一本新书。【考点】1.是终止性动词，因此不能与一段时间连用，如“电影开始5分钟了”不能译为The film has begun for 5 mi

30、nutes，可译为The film has been on for 5 minutes。2.一般不用于进行时态，有时用于进行时态，表示“慢慢”、“逐渐”、“正要”：I am glad you are beginning to see it.我很高兴你慢慢认识到了这一点。3.其后接不定式或动名词均可，含义基本相同：She began to crycrying.她开始哭起来。但是，当begin本身是-ing形式时，则只能接不定式：Im beginning to cook the dinner.我正要开始做饭。另外，若后接表示心理活动的动词(如like, think, know, realize,

31、understand等)，也只能用不定式：He began to like poetry when he was a boy.他还是孩子时就开始喜欢诗歌。beginningn.C开始，开端：Ive read the article from beginning to end.我将文章从头至尾读了一次。/ He arrived at the beginning of the lunch hour.午饭开始时他就到了。/ A good beginning makes a good ending.(谚)有好的开始才有好的结果。/ This will be a new beginning for me.这对我将是一个新的开始。behindprep.(表示位置、时间，进度)落后，在后面：She sat behind me.她坐在我后面。/ The train is ten minutes behind the schedule.火车较预定的时间晚了10分钟。/ He was behind others in his studies.在