教案句子结构.docx

1、教案句子结构教案The Sentences知识要点：句子按使用的目的可分为四类： 1、陈述句 2、疑问句 3、祈使句 4、感叹句从结构上看句子可分为三种类型： 1、简单句 2、并列句 3、复合句一、句子的种类（Kinds of Sentences） 1、陈述句： （1）肯定句：We love our motherland. 我们热爱祖国。 （2）否定句：They dont go to work on Sundays. 他们星期日不上班。 说明：叙述或否定一个事实或看法。 2、疑问句： （1）一般疑问句： Are you a worker? 你是个工人吗？ Yes, I am. 是的，我是工人。

2、 Havent you seen the film? No, I havent. 你没看过这部电影吗？没看过。 说明：以一个助动词，情态动词或动词be开始的问句。回答要用yes或no。 （2）特殊疑问句： Who is the man? 这人是谁？ When do you watch TV? 你什么时间看电视？ What are they doing now? 他们现在正在干什么？ 说明：以一个疑问代词或疑问副词开头的句子一般要用倒装句语序（或称为疑问词加一般疑问句） （3）选择疑问句： Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. 你要茶水还是要咖啡？

3、哪种都行。 Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. 他学日语还是学法语？他学法语。 说明：提出两个或两个以上的情况，选择一个作为答案。 （4）反意疑问句： They are going to the airport, arent they? 他们要去机场，是吗？ You havent finished your homework, have you? 你没做完作业，是吗？ 说明：提出情况或看法问对方是否同意。在陈述句后附加一个简短的疑问句，即前面句子肯定，后为否定；前面句子否定，后为肯定。 He seldom went to be

4、d at ten, did he? 他很少在十点钟上床睡觉？是吗？ He knows little Russian, does he? 他几乎不懂俄语，是吗？ 说明：当陈述句部分含有never, no, hardly, seldom, little等否定意义的副词时，附加问句用肯定形式。 （5）祈使句： a陈述句： Be sure to get there at eight. 八点钟一定要到那儿。 b否定句： Dont worry. Ill help you out. 别担心，我会帮助你的。 说明：表示命令，请求，叮嘱，号召等，谓语动词用原形。 （6）感叹句： what + n.： What

5、great changes we have had these years! 这几年我们有了多么大的变化啊！ What a fine day it is! 多好的天呀！ how + adj.： How brave he is! 他多么勇敢呀！ how + adv. ： How hard they are working! 他们工作多努力呀！ How time flies! 时间过得多么快呀！ How + adj. + a (an) + n. How nice a boy (he is)！=What a nice boy he is! 多么好的孩子啊！ 说明：表示说话时惊异，喜悦，气忿等情绪。w

6、hat修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词或句子。二、句子的类型（Types of Sentences） 1、简单句的句子的类型： 一个主语+一个谓语，例： The girl plays the piano every day. 那女孩每天弹钢琴。 两个主语+一个谓语，例： Tom and I are good friends. 汤姆和我是好朋友。 一个主语+两个谓语，例： He opened the door and left. 他打开门出去了。 两个主语或两个谓语或更多，例： Mr and Mrs Smith went to the market, bought some fruit and

7、visited their friends. 史密斯夫妇去市场，买了些水果，并看望了朋友。 结构特殊：只含有一个词或一个词组，例： Hello! 喂！ Help! Help! 救命啊！救命！ Many thanks. 万分感谢。 2、简单句的基本句型（The Basic Sentence Patterns） 句型结构： （1）主语+不及物动词：S + Vi.，例： Birds fly. 鸟飞 They disappeared. 他们消失了。 （2）主 + 连系动词 + 表语：S + V + P，例： She is a university student. 她是一名大学生。 He has be

8、come a pilot. 他已成为一名飞行员。 （3）主 + 及物动词 + 宾语：S + Vt + O，例： He likes swimming. 他喜欢游泳。 We help each other. 我们互相帮助。 （4）主 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语：S + Vt + O + O，例： I told my friend the good news. 我把好消息告诉了我的朋友。 They sent us a telegram. 他们给我们拍了电报。 （5）主 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 补语：S + Vt + O + C，例： They named the boy Jack.

9、 他们给孩子起名叫杰克。 I want everything ready by eight oclock. 我要求一切都要在八点前准备好。 注：S = Subject（主语）Vi=Intransitive Verbs（不及物动词）Vt=Transitive Verb（及物动词）P=Predicative（表语）O=Object（宾语）C=Complement补语重点、难点： 否定陈述句要注意下列几点： （1）否定陈述句主要是在肯定句中加not或no (= not a /any) 构成的，除not和no外，用具有否定意义的副词也可构成否定陈述句。常用的词有hardly, seldom, neve

10、r, little, scarcely, barely, rarely等。 （2）其他成分的否定形式 有些句子的结构上属于肯定式，但含有否定意义的词，可分以下几种。 否定的主语： Nobody will agree with you. 没人同意你的意见。 None of the students like the novel. 没有学生喜欢这本小说。 No student here studies Russian. 这里没有一个学生学俄语。 否定的宾语： We saw nothing in the darkness. 在黑暗中我们什么都看不见。 He will borrow the book

11、from nobody. 他从谁那都借不来这本书。 You must remember not to be late for class. 你必须记住上课不准迟到。 否定的状语： They came here not by bike but on foot. 他不是骑车来的而是走着来的。 We could find him nowhere. 我们什么地方也找不到他。 （3）不定代词all, both, everyone或everybody用于否定句时，表示部分否定。 All the trees here are not apple trees. ( = Not all the trees he

12、re are apple trees. ) 这里的树并非都是苹果树。（有的是苹果树，有的不是。） Both of the sisters are not nurses. ( = Not both of the sisters are nurses.) 这姐儿俩并不都是护士。 Everybody cant do it. (= Not everybody can do it. ) 并不是人人都能做这件事。【专项训练】：一、陈述句和疑问句：1、They happy when they hear the news. Awill Bwill be Cwere Ddont2、 “ Is your uncl

13、e a driver?” “ .” ANo, but my aunt is BYes, but my anut is CNo, he doesnt DYes, he does3、We satisfied with their work. Adont Bare not Cwont Dwerent being4、He coffee at all. He tea. Adoesnt like, prefers Blikes, doesnt prefer Cwould like, not prefers Dprefers, is not fond of5、She me only twice since

14、last year. Asees Bwas seeing Chas seen Dhave seen6、My grandma in the country. Now she in the city. Aused to live, lives Bused to living, lived Cuses to live, is living Dwas used to live, lives7、You make such mistakes again. Ashould never Bshould not always Cwould always not Dwould not forever8、 “Can

15、 you drive a car?” “ .” AYes, and Jim cant too BYes, but Jim cant CNo, but Jim can, too DNo, but Jim cant9、 “Are you going to the super market?” “ No, .” AI cycle there BI walk there Cto the work DIve already been there10、In England tea with milk or sugar in it. Ausually drinks Bis usually drunk Cus

16、ually is drunk Ddrank usually11、 “Is she going to the post office?” “No, .” Ashe doesnt Bshe goes by bike Cto the shops Dshes on the bike12、Tom like reading at all. He interested in playing basketball. Adoesnt, is Bdoesnt, were Cis, does Dwas, is13、When home from work? Ado your parents come Bdoes yo

17、ur parents come Chave your parents Dour parents come14、Which of the students the examination? Anot pass Bdidnt pass Cpass Ddidnt passed15、They trouble lifting the heavy box. Adidnt have many Bhadnt a lot of Cdidnt have much Dhavent a great deal of16、 “Did you have breakfast this morning? “ .” AYes,

18、I had BYes, I did CNo, I hadnt DNo, I didnt have.17、 colour is the cover of the dictionary? AWhat BWhich CHow DWhose18、 “ does he brush his teeth a day?” “Twice.” AWhat time BHow long CWhen DHow many times19、There are many pictures on the wall. do you like best? AWhat BWhich one CWhich of the pictur

19、e DWhich one picture20、Since when her? Adid you know Bhave you known Cdo you know Dyou know21、 “That ten pound note belongs to me.” “ .” AYes, it is BYes, it belongs CNo it doesnt DNo, it isnt22、 “Would you rather wait or come back later?” “ .” AId rather come back BYes, Id rather not wait CNo, Id r

20、ather wait Dto come back23、 “ shoes do you take?” “Size 42.” AWhich number BWhat number CWhat size DWhat24、 “ is the weather like today?” “ Its windy.” AWhat BHow CWhat kind DWhich25、Would you read my composition and correct the mistakes, ? Aif have Bif any Cif ever Dif not26、 is the distance betwee

21、n these two villages? AHow far BWhat CHow long DHow much27、 do you go to the cinema? Twice a month. AHow many time BHow much CHow long DHow often28、How it in English? Ayou say Bdo you speak Cdo you say Dto speak29、 is the population of the city? AHow much BHow many CHow DWhat30、 did she get this inf

22、ormation? AWhom BWho CWhere DWhat31、 does your watch cost? Two hundred yuan. AHow many BWhat price CWhat DHow expensive32、About do you want to know more? AWhom Bwho Cwhich Dwhat33、We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose to her. Awas happening Bto happen Chas happened Dhaving h

23、appened34、Have you heard the news about Jim? No. What ? Ais it Bit is Care they Dthey are35、Would you rather go there by train or by air? . AYes, I would BNo, I wouldnt CYes, by air DBy air36、 I go or you go yourself? AWillwill BShallshall CShallwill DWillshall37、Do you think the question easy or no

24、t? . AYes, I do BNo, I dont CIt is easy DYes, its easy38、Shall we stay at home or to the park? Ato go Bgoing Cgo Dwill go39、 writer is better known in China, Charles Dickens or Mark Twain? AWhichever BWhether CWhat DWhich40、 was the Nanjing-Changjiang Bridge open to traffic? It was open to traffic i

25、n 1968. AWhat BWhat time CHow long DWhen二、感叹句、祈使句41、 from Beijing to London! AHow long way it is BWhat a long way it is CWhat a long way is it DHow long a way is it42、Oh, John, you gave us! AHow a pleasant surprise BHow pleasant surprise CWhat a pleasant surprise DWhat pleasant surprise43、 terrible

26、weather weve been having these days! AHow a BWhat a CHow DWhat44、 girl she is! AWhat bright a BHow a bright CHow bright a DWhat a bright45、 we have today? AHow fine day BWhat fine day CHow a fine day DWhat a fine day46、How flowers are! Abeautiful Bbeautifully Cbeautiful the Dbeautiful that47、How ! A

27、does time fly Btimes fly Ctime flies Dflies time48、What work he does! Aharder Bhard Chardly Dhardest49、 careful our monitor is! AHow a BHow CWhat a DWhat50、 advice he gave us! AWhat a BHow good CWhat good DHow51、 picture it is! AWhat wonderful BHow a wonderful CWhat wonderful a DHow wonderful a52、 I

28、 wish to pay a visit to Hongkong! AHow do BWhat do CWhat DHow53、 hardworking students they are! AWhat BWhat a CWhat an DHow54、 long time it lasted! AWhat BWhat a CHow DHow a55、 down the radio. The babys sleeping in the next room. ATurning BTo turn CTurn DTurned56、Lets football in the street. Anot to

29、 play Bnot play Cdont play Dnot playing57、 careful when you cross the street. ADont be BDo be CBeing DDo58、 the child all day long! ALet, not to cry BNot let, cry CDont let, to cry DDont let, cry59、 afraid of make mistakes! ADont be BNot to be CNot being DBe not60、 me again before coming. ACalling BTo call CDo calling DCall三、反意疑问句6