1、名词性从句用法详解名词性从句用法详解 一、概说名词性从句,即指性质相当于名词的从句,它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从高考的考查的实际情况来看,名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句,其次是主语从句,再次是表语从句,而同位语从句则很少考查。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连词(5个):that (宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略)whether,if (均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)as if ,as though (均表示“好像”,“似乎”)以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词(10个):what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, who
2、mever, whose,whosever, which, whichever连接副词(7个):when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however不可省略的连词:1. 介词后的连词。2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.3. 在从句中做成分的连词.二、名词性从句的一般引导词1. 连接词 that 引导名词性从句时,只起连接作用,没有任何意思,也不充当句子成分,在宾语从句中可省略,但
3、引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略。如:I hope (that) you enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期过得好。That he likes you is very obvious. 很显然他喜欢你。2. 连接词 whether 引导名词性从句也不充当句子成分,但有自己的意思,表示“是否”;引导宾语从句时,可换成 if,但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成 if。如:He asked whether/if I would show him the way. 他问我是否可以给他带路。Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们
4、有害还要看一看。(引导主语从句,不能用 if 代替 whether)3. 连接代词 who(m), whose, which, what 等引导名词性从句时,均有各自的意义,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。如:Thats why she wanted to leave. 这就是她想离开的原因。When we arrive doesnt matter. 什么时候到没有关系。Tell me which one you like best. 告诉我你最喜欢哪一个。4. 连接副词 when, where, why, how 等引导名词性从句,也各自有自己的意义,在从句中作状语。如:The questio
5、n is how we should carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划。When shell be back depends much on the weather. 她什么时候回来在很大程度上要看天气。Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. 他为什么这样做将永远是一个谜。Questions1 What do you do in class?2 Where does he work?3 What should I do?4 Who are they?5 What happened?Noun Clauses1 What
6、 we do in class is easy.2 Where he works is a secret. 3 I dont know what you should do.4 Mary knows who they are.5 She knows what happened.三、名词性从句的重要引导词1. what 用于引导名词性从句是一个十分重要的引导词,它可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,但不用于引导同位语从句。它引导的名词性从句有两个意思是:一是表示“什么”,带有疑问意味;二是表示“所的”,相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。如:I dont know what you want. 我
7、不知道你想要什么。I dont know what you want is this. 我不知道你所想要的是这个。2. what 引导名词性从句时可用作限定词,其后修饰名词。如:I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的书都给他了。He gave me what money he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。【注意】:what后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词,但通常不能是单数可数名词,并且后接不可数名词时,有时可有little修饰,两者的区别是:what+不可数名词=所有的都,what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。如:What
8、 friends she has are out of the country. 她有的那些朋友全在国外。We gave him what (little) help we could. 我们给了他我们力所能及的帮助。3. whoever, whatever, whichever 等也可引导名词性从句,其意分别为“所的一切事或东西”、“任何的人”、“的任可人或物”等。如:Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要这书都可拿去。Ill do whatever I can to help him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。Buy whichever is c
9、heapest. 买最便宜的。注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子:任何人来都欢迎。误:Who comes will be welcome. / Anyone comes will be welcome.正:Whoever comes will be welcome. (主语从句) Anyone who comes will be welcome.(定语从句)另外whoever, whatever, whichever也可引导让步状语从句,其意为“无论”、“不管”,其意相当于 no matter who what, which。如:Whatever happens, you must be ca
10、lm. 不管发生什么情况,你都必须镇静。He wont eat you, whoever he is. 不管他是谁,他也不能把你吃掉。【注意】:whoever 引导名词性从句时既用作主格也用作宾语;作宾语时不宜用 whomever,因为在现代英语中 whomever 这个已几乎废弃不用。4. why与because 的用法区别。两者均可引导表语从句,但前者(the reason whyis that)强调结果,后者(It is because)强调的原因。如:I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come.我感冒了,因此我没来。=The reason why I di
11、dnt come was that I had a cold. I didnt come. Thats because I had a cold. 我没有来,那是因为我感冒了。五、名词性从句的语序名词性从句的词序与陈述句语序相同,尤其注意那些由连接代词who(m), whose, which, what 和连接副词 when, where, why 等引导的名词性从句,不要受它们在特殊疑问句中用法的影响而误用疑问句词序。如:Why was she crying? 她为什么在哭?I dont know why he was crying. 我不知道她为什么哭。六、名词性从句的时态问题1. 当主句
12、的谓语动词是过去式时,宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理,其谓语动词也必须用某种过去时态。如:She said that she didnt want to know. 她说她不想知道。I asked her whether she would agree. 我问她是否会同意。2. when, if 这两个词既可引导名词性从句,也可引导状语从句。当它们引导名词性从句且表示将来意义时,要直接使用将来时态;但当它们引导状语从句且表示将来意义时,则必须用一般现在时表示将来意义。如:I dont know when he will come, but when he comes, Ill call you. 我不知道他什么时候,但当他来的时候,我会打电话给你。句中第一个when 引导的是宾语从句,故用将来时态表示将来意义;第二个when 引导的是时间状语从句,故用一般现在时表示将来意义。
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