语言学单元自测.docx

1、语言学单元自测 公司内部档案编码：OPPTR-OPPT28-OPPTL98-OPPNN08语言学单元自测I.Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False.Sociolinguistics is the sub-discipline of linguistics that studies social contexts.Language as a means of social communication is a homogeneous system with a homogeneous group of sp

2、eakers.Language use varies from one speech community to another， from one regional group to another， from one social group to another， and even from one individual to another.The goal of sociolinguistics is to explore the nature of language variation and language use among a variety of speech commun

3、ities and in different social situations. linguistic markers that characterize individual social groups may serve as social markers of group membership. the sociolinguistic perspective， the term “speech variety” can not be used to refer to standard language， vernacular language， dialect or pidgin.7F

4、unctional speech varieties are known as regional dialects. most distinguishable linguistic feature of a regional dialect is its grammar and uses of vocabulary. barriers are the only source of regional variation of language. persons social backgrounds do not exert a shaping influence on his choice of

5、 linguistic features. speakers of the same language or dialect use their language or dialect in the same way. speaker of a language is， in a stricter sense， a speaker of a distinct idiolect. standard language is a better language than nonstandard languages. lingua franca can only be used within a pa

6、rticular country for communication among groups of people with different linguistic backgrounds. are linguistically inferior to standard languages. pidgin usually reflects the influence of the higher， or dominant， language in its lexicon and that of the lower language in their phonology and occasion

7、ally syntax. major difference between a pidgin and a creole is that the former usually has its native speakers while the latter doesnt. and diglossia mean the same thing. kind of name or term speakers use to call or refer to someone may indicate something of their social relationship to or personal

8、feelings about that individual. use of euphemisms has the effect of removing derogatory overtones and the disassociative effect as such is usually long-lasting. II. Fill in each of the blanks below with one word which begins with the letter given. social group isolated for any given study is called

9、the speech c_. v_ refers to any distinguishable form of speech used by a speaker or group of speakers. the sociolinguistic perspective， a speech variety is no more than a d_ variety of a language. standardization is also called language p_. variation gives rise to s_ which are sub-divisible into sma

10、ller speech categories that reflect their socioeconomic， educational， occupational background， etc. variation in a persons speech or writing usually ranges on a continuum from casual or colloquial to formal or polite according to the type of communicative situation. regional dialect may gain status

11、and become standardized as the national or o_ language of a country. standard language is a s_， socially prestigious dialect of language. varieties other than the standard are called nonstandard， or v_ languages. pidgin typically lacks in i_ morphemes. taboo reflects s_ taboo. avoidance of using tab

12、oo language mirrors social attitudes， emotions and value judgments and has no l_ basis. III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.33. _ is concerned with the social significance of language variation and language use in different speec

13、h communities.A. PsycholinguisticsB. SociolinguisticsC. Historical linguisticsD. General linguistics 34. The most distinguishable linguistic feature of a regional dialect is its _.A. use of wordsB. use of structuresC. accentD. morphemes35. _ is speech variation according to the particular area where

14、 a speaker comes from.A. Regional variationB. Language variationC. Social variationD. Register variation36. _ are the major source of regional variation of language.A. Geographical barriersB. Loyalty to and confidence in ones native speechC. Physical discomfort and psychological resistance to change

15、D. Social barriers37. _ means that certain authorities， such as the gov-ernment choose， a particular speech variety， standardize it and spread the use of it across regional boundaries.A. Language interferenceB. Language changesC. Language planningD. Language transfer38. _ in a persons speech or writ

16、ing usually ranges on a continuum from casual or colloquial to formal or polite according to the type of communicative situation.A. Regional variationB. Changes in emotionsC. Variation in connotationsD. Stylistic variation39. A _ is a variety of language that serves as a medium of com-munication amo

17、ng groups of people for diverse linguistic back-grounds.A. lingua francaB. registerC. CreoleD. national language40. Although _ are simplified languages with reduced grammatical features， they are rule-governed， like any human language.A. vernacular languagesB. creolesC. pidginsD. sociolects41. In no

18、rmal situations， _ speakers tend to use more prestigious forms than their _ counterparts with the same social back-ground.A. female； maleB. male； femaleC. old； youngD. young； old42. A linguistic _ refers to a word or expression that is prohibit-ed by the polite society from general use.A. slangB. eu

19、phemismC. jargonD. tabooIV. Define the following terms.43. sociolinguistics44. speech community45. speech variety46. language planning47. idiolect48. standard language49. nonstandard language50. lingua franca51. pidgin52. Creole53. diglossia54. Bilingualism55. ethnic dialect56. Sociolect57. register

20、58. slang59. taboo60. euphemism V. Answer the following questions as comprehensively as possible. Give examples for illustration if necessary.61. Discuss with examples that the speech of women may differ from the speech of men.62. Discuss with examples some of the linguistic differences between Stan

21、dard English and Black English.63. What is a linguistic taboo What effect does it have on our use of languageSuggested Answers I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False.1. F2. F3. T4. T5. T6. F7. F8. F9. F10. F11. F12. T13. F14. F15. F16. T17. F18. F19. T20. F II. Fill in e

22、ach of the blanks below with one word which begins with the letter given.21. community22. variety23. dialectal24. planning25. sociolects26. Stylistic27. official28. superposed29. vernacular30. inflectional31. social32. linguistic III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice

23、that can best complete the statement. BCAAC. DACADIV. Define the following terms.43.Sociolinguistics： Sociolinguistics is the study of language in social contexts.44.Speech community： The social group isolated for any given study is called the speech community or a speech community is a group of peo

24、ple who form a community and share the same language or a particular variety of language. The important characteristic of a speech community is that the members of the group must， in some reasonable way， interact lin-guistically with other members of the community. They may share closely re-lated la

25、nguage varieties， as well as attitudes toward linguistic norms.45.Speech variety： Speech variety， also known as language variety， refers to any distin-guishable form of speech used by a speaker or group of speakers. The distinctive characteristics of a speech variety may be lexical， phonological， mo

26、rphological， syntactic， or a combination of linguistic features.46.Language planning： Language standardization is known as lan-guage planning. This means that certain authorities， such as the government or government agency of a country， choose a particular speech variety and spread the use of it， i

27、ncluding its pronunciation and spelling systems， across regional boundaries.47.Idiolect： An idiolect is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that com-bines aspects of all the elements regarding regional， social， and stylistic variation， in one form or another. In a narrower sense， what makes

28、up ones idiolect includes also such factors as voice quality， pitch and speech rhythm， which all contribute to the identifying features in an individuals speech.48.Standard language： The standard language is a superposed， socially prestigious dialect of language. It is the language employed by the g

29、overnment and the judiciary system， used by the mass media， and taught in educational institutions， in-cluding school settings where the language is taught as a foreign or second language.49.Nonstandard language： Language varieties other than the standard are called nonstandard languages.50. Lingua

30、franca： A lingua franca is a variety of language that serves as a medium of com-munication among groups of people for diverse linguistic backgrounds.51.Pidgin： A pidgin is a variety of language that is generally used by native speak-ers of other languages as a medium of communication.52.Creole： A Cr

31、eole language is originally a pidgin that has become established as a native language in some speech community.53.Diglossia： Diglossia usually describes a situation in which two very different vari-eties of language co-exist in a speech community， each with a distinct range of purely social function and