中考英语常考易错点 专题十 动词被动语态.docx

1、中考英语常考易错点 专题十 动词被动语态2019-2020年中考英语常考易错点 专题十 动词被动语态易错清单1. 主动结构表被动(1)open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词时,它们的主语为物,可以用主动语态表被动意义。如:Mo Yans novels sell well. 莫言的小说很好卖(销路好)。(2)表示感觉的连系动词如feel,look,smell,sound,taste等后跟表语时,总是用其主动结构表达被动意义,它们不能用于被动语态。如:The table feels smooth.这张桌子摸起来很光滑。(3)在be

2、 worth doing中,doing表被动意义。 The book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读。(4)want/need/require+doing相当于want/need/ require +to be done。如:The library needs cleaning.=The library needs to be cleaned. 图书馆需要打扫了。2. 不用被动语态的情况(1)当谓语是表示状态或特征的及物动词时,不用被动语态。这样的及物动词有have,become,cost,reach,sell,arrive,fit,hold,own,suit等。

3、如:We have a good teacher.我们有一位好老师。The classroom holds 80 students.这间教室容纳80个学生。(2)及物动词的宾语为反身代词、相互代词、非谓语动词、同源宾语时,都没有被动语态。如:The boy taught himself English. 这男孩自学英语。We help each other. 我们互相帮助。(3)当主动句的宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态。如:She likes to swim. 她喜欢游泳。3. 被动语态与系表结构的区别动词“be+过去分词”这一结构既可以是被动语态,也可以是系表结构。这两种结构主要的区别是:

4、被动语态强调动作,系表结构强调状态。我们还可以通过以下方法来判断:(1)从形式上来看,被动语态往往接by施动者,而系表结构往往有固定的搭配,如be separated from,be covered with,be interested in,be surprised at,be satisfied with等。如:We were surprised at the unexpected news.听到这个意外消息,我们感到惊讶。(系表结构)注意:句中有“by+人”时,多用被动语态;而“by+物”时,多属系表结构。如:The house was surrounded by the police.

5、这房子被警察包围了。(被动语态)The house was surrounded by trees.这房子四周都是树。(系表结构,表示静止的状态)(2)从时态上来看,被动语态的be时态要与动作发生的时间一致;而系表结构的be只有一般时或完成时,表示目前或过去的性质或状态。如:This window was broken by Kate yesterday.这窗户是凯特昨天打破的。(被动语态)This glass is broken. 这块玻璃是破的。(系表结构,指目前的状态)(3)从句中的状语来看,过去分词前有well,very,quite等副词修饰的是系表结构;若句中有时间、方式或目的状语时

6、,一般为被动语态。如:The play is well written.这剧本写得很好。(系表结构) The play was written with great care. 这剧本是非常用心地写出来的。(被动语态,有方式状语)(4)被动语态中的过去分词必须是及物动词,而系表结构中的过去分词可以是gone,fallen,risen等不及物动词。如:My pen is gone. 我的钢笔不见了。(系表结构)The sun is risen. 太阳升起来了。(系表结构)提分策略1. 判断主语是动作的执行者还是承受者在解答被动语态题时首先要判断主语和动作的关系,如果主语是动作的执行者,则该句为主

7、动句;如果主语是动作的承受者,则该句为被动句。依据句子意思做出正确选择。【例1】(2014浙江宁波30) I heard that Line 1 of Ningbo Subwaylast month. A. was tested B. is testedC. tests D. tested【解析】考查被动语态的用法。由句意“我听说上个月宁波一号铁路线被检测了”判断,句子的主语是动作的承受着,应用被动语态,last month是一般过去的时间状语,因此谓语动词应用一般过去时。故选A。【答案】A【例2】(2013湖北孝感38)Many treeson the streets every year.

8、 So the air is very fresh now.A. plant B. are plantedC. planted D. were planted【解析】考查被动语态的用法。根据“every year”得知用一般现在时态。主语是many trees,故用一般现在时态的被动语态,因此选B。【答案】B 【例3】(2013湖南益阳30)The sports meeting next month.A. will hold B. is going to hold C. will be held【解析】考查被动语态的用法。主语the sports meeting不能执行谓语动词hold,是ho

9、ld的承受者,需用被动语态。next month说明句子用一般将来时态,其被动结构为:will be held。故选C。【答案】C2. 正确判断时态被动语态离不开时态。考生要牢记各种时态,掌握被动句的构成,不能混淆。依据句子中的时间状语或上下文暗示,分析判断句子时态。【例1】(2014江苏南京13)Were sure that the environment in our city greatly through our work in the near future.A. improved B. was improved C. has improved D. will be improved

10、【解析】考查动词时态和语态的用法。句意:我们相信我们城市的环境在不久的将来通过我们的工作将被大大改善。”由句中的in the near future判断,该句要用一般将来时的被动语态形式,所以选D。【答案】D【例2】(2013江西35)The Chinese writer has got lots of fans in France. His new book into French as soon as it came out.A. was translated B. translatedC. is translated D. translates【解析】考查被动语态 根据题干his new

11、 book 和 translate 的关系,应该选择被动语态,又根据时间状语从句as soon as it came out 是一般过去时态,可知“被翻译”也是一般过去时态。故选A。【答案】A 【例3】(2013浙江宁波35)Have you finished your project?Not yet. Ill finish it if Iten more minutes.A. give B. am givenC. will give D. will be given【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意:如果再给我十分钟我会完成它。主语与动词give之间是被动关系,在条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将

12、来。故选B。【答案】B.专项训练1. ( 2014深圳18) Its reported that some capsules(胶囊)are really bad our health.Sounds terrible. Hopefully the problem as soon as possibleA. to;is solved B. for;has solved C. to;was solved D. for;will be solved2. ( 2014广东模拟43)Lots of trees and flowers on both sides of the road last year.

13、 Oh, beautiful they are!A. have been planted;whatB. were planted;whatC. were planted;how D. have been planted;what3. ( 2014浙江模拟二21) Can you play the piece of music for us,Cathy?Of course. It many times.A. teaches B. is taughtC. has been taught D. taught4. (2013陕西)The sick boy to hospital by the poli

14、ce yesterday.A. is taken B. was takenC. takes D. took5. (2013河北)Driving after drinking wine in China.A. allows B. doesnt allowC. is allowed D. isnt allowed6. (2013重庆)Ito take part in the English speech contest last week.A. ask B. askedC. am asked D. was asked7. (2013湖南岳阳)May I use your cup,Tom?Sorry

15、,itby my sister just now.A. was brokenB. is brokenC. broke8. (2013江苏南京)Im glad to find that many trees in our city last year.A. plant B. plantedC. were planted D. are planted9. (2013安徽)Do you have any problems if you this job?Well,Im thinking about the working day.A. offer B. will offerC. are offere

16、d D. will be offered参考答案与解析1. D解析:考查一般将来时态被动语态的用法。故选D。“be bad for. (对有害)”是固定搭配,所以排除A、C两项。因为应答句后面一句的主语是动作的承受者,谓语动词要用被动语态。由“as soon as possible(尽快)”判断,应该用一般将来时态。故选D。2. C解析:考查一般过去时态被动语态的用法。句的主语是动作的承受者,谓语动词要用被动语态。由“last year(去年)”判断,要用一般过去时态;又因为后面一句是感叹句,形容词“beautiful”之前应该用how来引导。故选C。3. C解析:考查现在完成时态被动语态的用

17、法。应答句的主语是动作的承受者,谓语动词应该用被动语态,所以排除A、D两项。由“many times”判断,动作已经完成。故选C。4. B解析:考查被动语态。主语为the sick boy,和动词take之间为动宾关系,故要用被动语态。再由yesterday可知要用一般去过时的被动语态,故选B。5. D解析:考查被动语态。 句意为“酒后驾车在中国是不被允许的。”可知为否定的被动语态,故选D。6. D解析:考查被动语态。句意:上周,我被邀请参加英语演讲比赛。根据句意,应用被动语态;又因有时间状语last week,应用过去时,故答案选D。7. A解析:被动语态的用法。根据句意可知是被动语态,又时

18、间状语为just now,故答案为A。8. C 解析:考查被动语态的用法。由last year可推断用一般过去时。trees和plant为被动关系,因此,为一般过去时的被动语态。句意:我很高兴地发现,我们的城市去年种了许多树。故选C。9. C 解析:考查if引导的条件状语从句及被动语态。if引导的条件状语从句应该用一般现在时表示将来;根据句意,此处应该用被动语态。故选C。2019-2020年中考英语常考易错点 专题十一 情态动词易错清单1. can与be able tocan和be able to表示能力时用法相同,但can只有原形和过去式(could)两种形式,在其他时态中 要用be abl

19、e to 来表示。另外 be able to 常常指经过努力,花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。如:Jim cant speak English. 吉姆不会说英语。He could speak English at 5. 他五岁时就会说英语。Well be able to see him next week. 下星期我们将会见到他。2. can与may (1)can 和 may 均可用来征求意见或许可,意为“可以”, 一般可互换使用。如:Can/ May I help you?我能帮助你吗?(2)can和may 表示可能性时的区别:1)在肯定句中用 might,may,must,不用can;2

20、)在疑问句中表示推测用can,不用 might,may,must;3)在否定句中用cant(不可能),不用 may,must。 如:She may be in the classroom.她可能在教室里。Where can they be now?他们现在可能在哪儿?That cant be true. 那不可能是真的。3. may be与maybe may be中的may为情态动词, be为动词原形,在句中作谓语。而maybe是副词,意思是“大概、也许”,相当于perhaps,常放在句首,作状语。如:He may be wrong,but Im not sure.也许他错了,但我也不确定。M

21、aybe shell come this afternoon.她可能今天下午来。4. cant 与 mustnt (1)cant 根据其基本用法可译为”不会、不能“。如:I cant speak English. 我不会说英语。We cant do it now because its too dark.天太黑了,我们现在不能干了。(2)cant在否定句中表示推测,意思是“不可能”。如:The man cant be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher. 那个人不可能是咱们老师,他年轻得多。(3)mustnt 意为“

22、禁止、不许”, 用来表达命令,表示强烈的语气。 如:You mustnt play football in the street. Its too dangerous.你不可以在街上踢足球,太危险了。5. must与 have to (1)must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要。have to 侧重于客观上的必要,可用于现在时、过去时和将来时。如:I know I must study hard.我知道我必须努力学习。My brother was very ill,so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night. 我弟弟病得厉害, 我只得半夜里把医生请

23、来。I dont have any money with me,so Ill have to borrow some from my friend. 我身上没带钱,只好向朋友借点了。提分策略随着中考试卷越来越重视情境性和交际性,情态动词也就成了中考的热点。中考常考的知识点有:推测可能性、请求允许等。题型以选择题为主。解题时,要注意以下方面:1. 根据句子语气选择情态动词情态动词表示说话人的语气和情感,所以在解答情态动词有关的单选题时,一定要注意说话人的语气,要结合具体的语境来分析和判断。【例1】(2014贵州铜仁30)Must I water the flowers now,mum?No,yo

24、u. You do it later.A. mustnt. must B. mustnt,mayC. neednt,may D. neednt,must【解析】考查情态动词的用法。以must开头的一般疑问句,否定答语常用neednt,表示“不必要”,所以排除A、B两项。应答句后面一句语气委婉,应该用情态动词may。故选C。【答案】C【例2】(2013湖南邵阳27)Must I hand it in today?No,you . You can do it tomorrow.A. mustnt B. cantC. neednt【解析】考查情态动词的用法。以Must开头的一般疑问句,否定答语常用n

25、eednt,表示“不必要”。故选C。【答案】C【例3】(2013湖北孝感30)Look at the young lady in red. Is it Mrs King?No,it be her. She is wearing a white dress today.A. can B. mayC. must D. cant【解析】考查情态动词的用法。may表示不确定的推测,译为“可能”,谈论可能性;而 can 作“可以”讲,表示允许;作“能够”讲,表示一种与生俱来的能力;must则是肯定而有把握的推测;cant意为“不能,不可能”,常用于否定而有把握的推测,由题意可知答案选D。【答案】D2.

26、根据语境选择情态动词 情态动词在不同的语境中表示不同的含义,所以解题时要根据具体语境分析句子的意思,选用正确的情态动词。【例1】(2014浙江宁波26) you leave now? You only arrived here an hour ago.一Sorry,but so much homework is waiting for me.A. May B. MustC. Can D. Might 【解析】考查情态动词的用法。may可以,可能;must必须;can可以,能够;might可能。句意:你现在必须走吗?你才到了一个小时。根据句意应选B。【答案】B 【例2】(2013浙江义乌18)M

27、um,can I finish the work tomorrow?No,you finish it today. Dont put off todays work till tomorrow.A. may B. canC. might D. must【解析】考查情态动词的用法。A项表示“可能,也许”,B项表示“能、会”,C项“may的婉转形式或其过去式”,D项表示“必须”。根据句意:“妈妈,我能明天完成工作吗?不,你必须今天完成。不能把今天的事拖到明天。”可知本题选D。【答案】D专项训练1. (2014江苏扬州6)David,is that man your Chinese teacher?

28、It be him. Hes having a meeting.A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. wont2. (2014山东济南32)Miss Hus bicycle is blue. So the red one be hers.A. could B. cantC. must D. might3. (2014上海奉贤区40)How often do I need to feed the birds?They food every day,or they will be hungry.A. must give B. mustnt giveC. must be gi

29、ven D. mustnt be given4. (2013天津)Excuse me,when are we going to have a picnic?Im not sure. Ask our monitor. He know.A. need B. can C. may D. shall5. (2013江苏南京)The lady in this photobe over fifty! She looks so young!A. mustnt B. must C. cant D. can6. (2013山东济南)I hear youve got a new iPhone 4S. I have

30、 a look?Yes,certainly.A. May B. DoC. Shall D. Should7. (2013浙江杭州)Have you decided which senior high school to choose?Not yet. I go to Moonlight School.A. must B. mayC. need D. should8. (2013河北)Must we wear our school uniform this afternoon?No,you . All of us will go on an outing.A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. couldnt9. (2013安徽)Dad,must I practice the piano today?No,you . You may do it tomorrow.A. neednt B. mustntC. shouldnt D. cant10. (2013湖南长沙)Youb