中考英语形容词副词复习.docx

1、中考英语形容词副词复习中考英语形容词副词复习1形容词的基本作用一、形容词的定义及位置形容词是用来描述或修饰名词或代词的一类词,用以说明人或事物的性质和特征。1.作定语一般放在名词之前,复合不定代词之后。He lives in a beautiful house.他住在一座漂亮的房子里。There is nothing important in todays newspaper.今天的报纸上没有什么重要的内容。2.作表语,放在连系动词(be,feel,look,smell,taste,sound,get,become,keep,turn,seem 等)之后。His idea sounds gre

2、at.他的主意听起来很棒。3.作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后,常与make,leave,keep,find等动词连用。They keep the classroom clean every day.他们每天保持教室干净。We find it important to learn English well.我们发现学好英语很重要。4.形容词的名词化有些形容词放在定冠词之后变成名词,表示一类人,常见的有:good/bad,rich/poor,young/old,deaf/blind,black/white,living/dead等The old should be taken good care of

3、.老年人应该受到很好的照顾。2形容词词义辨析中考主要在完形中考查形容词词义辨析。学生在做辨析题时，首先应读懂句意，抓住题干中关键信息，并分析各选项表达的意思，结合日常生活的常识及语境即可选出正确答案。如：After the football match, the players were very _ and tired.A. coolB. fullC. livelyD. thirsty方法点拨第1步：分析四个选项均为形容词，在句中作表语；第2步：分析语境“在足球比赛之后，运动员是_和疲劳的。”cool平静的；full满的；lively有活力的；thirsty口渴的，渴望的。结合常识及句意可知

4、运动员在足球比赛后又渴又累。故选D。近义词词义辨析1.-ing形容词和-ed形容词-ing形容词-ed形容词例句surprising 令人惊讶的surprised感到惊讶的The story has a surprising end.He is surprised at the news.interesting有趣的interested感兴趣的There are many interesting places in Beijing.Im interested in what he said.exciting令人兴奋的excited感到兴奋的They jumped when they heard

5、 the exciting news.We are excited about the match.pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快/满意的It is a pleasing trip.If you queue-jump,others will not be pleased.frightening令人恐惧的frightened感到恐惧的The girl cried because of the frightening story.He is frightened of the ghost.moving令人感动的moved受感动的It is a moving performance

6、.We are moved by the performance.tiring使人疲倦的tired感到疲倦的We had a very tiring trip last week.Im tired of so much homework.fascinating迷人的fascinated着迷的What a fascinating story!The children are fascinated by all the toys in the shop windows.特点:表示主动意义,多指事物对人的影响,一般修饰事物特点:表示被动意义,多指人对事物的感受,主语一般是人,常用“sb+be+-ed

7、形容词+介词”结构What an exciting film!We were very excited about the trip to Beijing.2.older和elder易混词用法例句older常用于表比较的句型中,意为“较老的,较旧的,年纪较大的”Your bike is older than mine.你的自行车比我的旧。He is older than you.他比你年龄大。elder只用于比较一家人的年龄长幼,意为“年长的”。elder除指家庭成员外,也可以指其他人,意思是“资格老的”He is my elder brother.他是我哥哥。He is an elder t

8、eacher.他是位资格老的老师。3.alone 和lonely易混词用法例句alone强调独自一人,常用作表语。另外,alone也可用作副词,意思是“单独地,独自地”He lives alone.他一个人住。lonelylonely作表语时,表示“寂寞的”,含有强烈的感情色彩;作定语时含有“偏僻的”之意The man lived on a lonely island.那个男人住在一个偏僻的岛上。4.alive, lively和living易混词用法例句alive是表语形容词,既可指人,也可指物Was the snake alive or dead?这条蛇是活着还是死了?lively侧重指“活

9、泼的,活跃的”,与“死板的”对应Thats a lively baby.那是一个活泼的婴儿。living是定语形容词,指“活着的”All the living things need food to grow.所有的生物都需要食物去生长。5.black和dark易混词用法例句blackblack的意思是“黑色(的)”,指颜色,其反义词是whiteThe doors are painted black.这些门被刷成了黑色。darkdark的意思是“昏暗的,黑暗的”,指无光This is a dark room.这是间黑暗的房间。6.sleepy,asleep和sleeping易混词用法例句sle

10、epy意为“困倦的”,还没有睡着He felt sleepy in class.他在课上感觉很困。asleep意为“睡着了的”,常用作表语He fell asleep in class.他在课上睡着了。sleeping意为“睡着了的”,常用作定语Look at the sleeping boy.看那个睡着了的男孩儿。7.dead和dying易混词用法例句dead指“死了的”His father has been dead for 3 years.他的父亲已经去世3年了。dying指“快死了的,奄奄一息的”The little dog is dying. Lets do something to

11、 help him.那只小狗快死了。让我们做些事来帮帮他。中考形容词词义辨析的考查特点，4个选项全部都是形容词，但是会包含其中2个选项为反义词的特点，其中反义词是答案的可能性很大。本书罗列部分反义词，考生可多积累反义词的词义。good好的bad坏的glad高兴的 sad悲伤的quick快的 slow慢的hot热的 cool凉爽的easy简单的 hard困难的pleasant令人愉快的 unpleasant令人难过的polite 礼貌的 impolite无礼的comfortable 舒服的 uncomfortable 难受的high高的 low低的rich富有的 poor贫穷的happy高兴的

12、angry生气的short短的 long长的same相同的 different不同的3形容词短语辨析形容词短语在单项填空中考查词义辨析，在词组翻译中考查词义及拼写。这就要求不仅要知道意思，还要能准确地写出来。以下为初中常见的形容词短语：1.about短语be worried about对担心be excited about因而激动be crazy about对疯狂/着迷2.with短语be busy with 忙于be popular with受欢迎be satisfied with对满意be angry with生的气be born with生来具有be strict with对严厉be f

13、ull of/filled with充满be patient with对有耐心3.for短语be famous for/known for以而闻名be sorry for为感到可惜/抱歉be ready for为准备好be late for迟到be thirsty for渴望be/get ready for为做准备4.of 短语be proud of为而感到自豪be afraid of害怕be short of短缺be tired of厌烦5.at短语be amazed at对感到惊讶be good at擅长be surprised at对感到惊讶be mad at对感到生气4副词的基本作用副

14、词的分类、用法和位置副词的分类时间副词有now,then,today,tomorrow,yesterday,before,ago,soon,lately,early,already,yet等地点副词有outside,inside,upstairs,here,there,home,near,away,in,back,off,up,anywhere等。地点副词和动词连用时不用加介词方式副词有quickly,happily,loudly,suddenly,luckily,badly,easily,fast等。方式副词大多由“形容词+-ly”构成频度副词有always,usually,often,so

15、metimes,never等程度副词有very,quite,rather,too,much,so等疑问副词(词组)(常用来构成特殊疑问句)有when,where,why,how,how often等关系副词有when,where,why等,常用来引导定语从句副词的用法作状语,用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子Please listen to me carefully.请认真听我说。Luckily,he was not badly hurt.幸运的是,他伤得不是太重。作表语,表示状态或方位上的变化My father will be back in a week.我父亲一周后回来。作宾语补足

16、语Let him in,please.请让他进来。副词的位置时间副词多置于句首或句尾Today it rained,so we stayed at home.今天下雨,所以我们待在家里。地点副词可放在句尾,也可放在句首;若有时间副词时,多置于时间副词前Dont stand outside.别站在外面。She is coming here tomorrow.她明天到这里来。方式副词位置很灵活He slowly closed the door./He closed the door slowly./Slowly he closed the door.他慢慢地关上了门。频度副词作状语时放在be动词、

17、情态动词或助动词之后,实义动词之前He is always late for school.他总是上学迟到。I often go to see my grandparents on Sundays.我经常星期天去看望我的祖父母。程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词、副词之前,修饰动词时一般放在动词之后Mary speaks Chinese quite well.玛丽的汉语说得很好。疑问副词置于句首,关系副词置于句中Why dont you ride your bike?你为什么不骑你的自行车?5副词词义辨析中考对副词词义辨析的考查主要涉及完形填空，以-ly结尾的副词辨析考查，疑问副词辨析，频度副词辨

18、析。学生在做题时，首先应读懂句意，抓住题干中关键信息，并分析各选项表达的意思，根据语境和逻辑关系即可选出正确答案。如：Take care when you are driving, _ in a summer storm like this.A. immediatelyB. especiallyC. probablyD. recently方法点拨 第1步：分析四个选项均为副词，意思分别是：立即；尤其是；可能；最近。第2步：分析语境“你开车的时候要小心，在像这样的夏季暴风雨天气里。”结合句意及选项可知，此句是提醒尤其是在这样的夏季暴风雨天气里，开车要小心，故选B。易混词语辨析1.how long

19、,how soon,how often,how far易混词组用法例句howlong“多久,多长时间”,对一个持续的时间段提问,常用“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”回答How long have you lived in Beijing?For ten years.你住在北京多久了?10年了。howsoon“多快,多久以后”,用于一般将来时的句子中,常用“in+时间段”回答How soon will your father come back?He will come back in a week.你父亲多久以后回来?他一周后回来。howoften“多长时间一次”,对频率提问,常用o

20、nce,twice,three times a week等回答How often do you play football?Once a week.你多长时间踢一次足球?一周一次。how far“多远”,对距离提问How far is it from here to your home?Only 200 meters away.从这儿到你家有多远?只有200米远。2.hard,hardly易混词用法例句hard意为“努力地,艰难地,剧烈地,猛烈地”,是程度副词We should study hard as students.作为学生,我们应该努力学习。hardly意为“几乎不”,是表示否定意义

21、的副词I can hardly catch up with you.Can you walk more slowly?我几乎跟不上你了。你能走慢一点吗?3.much too,too much易混词组用法例句much too意为“非常,极其,太”,much和too都是副词,much修饰too,以加强语气,中心词是too,much too修饰形容词或副词原级The skirt is much too dear.这条裙子太贵了。too much意为“太多”,中心词是much,too修饰much,以加强语气,too much修饰不可数名词,与too many相对,too many修饰可数名词Pleas

22、e dont eat too much ice cream.Its bad for your health.请不要吃太多的冰激凌,它对你的健康有害。There are too many people in the supermarket.这家超市里有太多人。4.too,also,either易混词用法例句too一般用于肯定句,常放在句尾You are a student.I am a student,too.你是一名学生,我也是一名学生。also常放在句中,be动词、助动词或情态动词之后,实义动词之前They are also students.他们也是学生。either常用于否定句中,往往放

23、在句末I dont like the film,either.我也不喜欢这部电影。5.too,enough,so易混词用法例句too意为“太,很”,常用于“tooto”结构,表示否定意义,表示“太而不能”The man is too old to look after himself.这个男人年纪太大了,不能照顾自己。enough意为“足够”,常用于“形容词/副词原级+enough to”结构,表示“足够能”The boy runs fast enough to win the game.这个男孩跑得足够快,能赢得比赛。so意为“如此”,用于“sothat”结构,表示“如此以至于”The ca

24、mera is so expensive that I cant afford it.这个照相机太贵了,我买不起。6.already,yet,still易混词用法例句already常用于肯定句I have already finished my homework.我已经完成我的家庭作业了。yet常用于否定句和疑问句Have you finished your homework yet?你已经完成你的家庭作业了吗?I havent had lunch yet.我还没有吃午饭。still常用于肯定句和疑问句,表示某事还在进行He still works late every night.每天晚上他

25、仍然工作到很晚。7.ago,before易混词用法例句ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”,常与一般过去时连用I saw him ten minutes ago.我十分钟前看到他了。before指过去或将来的某一时刻“以前”,也可泛指以前,常和完成时连用He told me that he had seen the film before.他告诉我他以前看过这部电影了。8.now,just,just now易混词语用法例句now常与一般现在时、现在进行时连用,意为“现在”Where does he live now?他现在住在哪里?just与现在完成时、过去完成时连用,表示“刚”We have j

26、ust seen the film.我们刚看过这部电影。just now常与一般过去时连用,表示“刚才”He was here just now.他刚才在这里。6形容词比较级和最高级的构成1.规则变化类别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般直接加-er,-estlongtalllongertallerlongesttallest以不发音的e 结尾时加-r,-stlatelargelaterlargerlatestlargest以辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i,再加-er,-esteasyhappyeasierhappiereasiesthappiest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅

27、音字母时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-er,-estbighotbiggerhotterbiggesthottest多音节词和部分双音节词在原级前加more,mostcarefulmorecarefulmostcarefulbeautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautiful2.不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest形容词和副词的比较

28、等级是中考的必考点。而在词形转换题型中，则需先判断用原级还是比较等级。1.原级的判定方法1）由表示程度的副词very， so， too， enough， quite等修饰时，用形容词原级。The film is too boring. 这部电影太无聊了。2）A+be+as+原级+as+B，意为“A与B一样”，表示相同或相等。My best friend is as tall as her mother. 我最好的朋友和她妈妈一样高。3）A+be+not+so/as+原级+as+B，意为“A不及B那样”，表示不如或不相等。This red skirt is not so beautiful as

29、 that blue one. 这条红色的短裙不如那条蓝色的漂亮。4）A+be+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B，表示“A是B的倍”（常见倍数：一半half，一倍once，两倍twice，三倍及以上：数字+times）。Our school is twice as large as theirs. 我们学校是他们学校的两倍大。5）as much/many+as，表示前后的数量相同。John earns as much money as his brother.约翰挣的钱和他的哥哥一样多。6）as+原级+as+用作比喻的名词，意为“像一样”，此结构可形成许多习惯用语，多用于口语。He is as busy as a bee.他像蜜蜂一样忙碌。2.比较级的判定方法1）由表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a few, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any等修饰时，用形容词或副词的比较级。It is even colder today. 今天甚至更冷了。2）“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越，就越”。The more fruit you eat, the healthier you are. 你吃的