1、英语中的十六种时态英语中的十六种时态(1)一般现在时基本形式(以do为例):第三人称单数:does (主语为非第三人称单数);肯定句:主语动词原形其他;He works for us.否定句:主语+ don t/does nt+动词原形+其他;He doesnt work for us.一般疑问句:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他。肯定回答: Yes,(+ 主语+ do/does)否定回答:No,( + 主语+ do n t/does nt)特殊疑问句:疑问词 +一般疑问句语Does he work for us?Yes, he does.No, he doesntWhat does he
2、 do for us?He works for us.(2)一般过去时be动词+行为动词的过去式否定句式:在行为动词前加 did nt,同时还原行为动词,或 was/ were+ not; was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词 例如: Did he work for us?He didnt work for us.He worked for us.(3)一般将来时am/are/is+going to+do 或will /shall+ do am/is/are/about to + doam/is/are to + do;般将来时的表达方法be going
3、to +动词原形 be + 不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to +动词原形be able to +不定式 be about to+动词原形 will + 动词原形; 例如: He is going to work for us.He will work for us ;He is comi ng.这是特殊的用一般现在时 表达将来时态 的例子!(4)过去将来时 be(was, were) going to+动词原形 be(was,were) about to+动词原形 be (was, were) to+动词原形肯定句:主语 +be (was, were) going to+动
4、词原形.否定句:主语 +be (was, were) not going to+动词原形.疑问句:Be (Was, Were) +主语+going to+动词原形?肯定句:主语 +would( should) +动词原形 .否定句:主语+would (should) not+动词原形.疑问句: Would(Should) +主语+动词原形?He would work for us.(5)现在进行时主语+be+v.ing现在分词形式(其中v表示动词)表示现在正在进行的动作或最近在做的事例如: I am buying a book.第一人称 +am+doing+sth第二人称+are+doing
5、+sth (doing是泛指所有的 v-ing形式)第三人称 +is+doing+sth例: He is working.(6)过去进行时肯定句:主语+was/were+do in g+其它否定句:主语 +was/were+no t+do in g+其它I 主语 +was/were./No,一般疑问句及答语:Was/Were+主语+doing+其它;答语:Yes,I 主语+wasnt/werent.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+do ing+其它He was working when he was alive.(7)将来进行时主语+will + be +现在分词He will
6、 be working for us.=He will work for us.(8)过去将来进行时 should(would)+be+现在分词He said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work for us.(9)现在完成时基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done)1肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他2否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他3一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他4特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他He
7、has worked for us for ten years.Has he worked for us for ten years.(10)过去完成时基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done)1肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他2否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他3一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他肯定回答:Yes主语+had否定回答:No主语+had nt特殊疑问句:特殊疑冋词+般疑冋句(had+主语+过去分词+其他)语法判定 :( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。如:I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock las
8、t night.( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如:We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如:They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.(11)将来完成时(shall)will+have+ 动词过去分词before+将来时间或by+将来时间before或by the time引导的现在时的从句He will have worked for us.=He
9、will work for us.(12)过去将来完成时should / would have done sth.He said that he would have worked for us.=He said that he would work for us.(13)现在完成进行时 基本与现在完成时相同,但是现在完成进行时只能表示仍然持续的概念 have/has bee n +-i ng分词He has been working for us for ten years.=He has worked for us for ten years.(14)过去完成进行时had bee n +-
10、i ng 分词He said that he had been working for us for ten years.=He said that he had worked for us for ten years.(15)将来完成进行时主语+ shall/will have been doingHe will have been working for us.=He will work for us.翻译为:他最近一直在为我们工作(过去在工作,现在在工作,将来还会工作)(16)过去将来完成进行时should+have bee n现在分词用于第一人称would have been+现在分词
11、用于其他人称He said that he would have been working for us.=He said that he would work for us.举例:英语中有 12 个主要时态,都来自于三时(过去、现在、将来)现在以I listen为例,举例英语中有12个主要时态如下所示:般现在时: I listen现在进行时: I am listening过去进行时: I was listening现在完成时: I have listened现在完成进行时: I have been listening一般将来时:I shall listen 或 “Iwill listen.
12、”将来进行时:I shall be listening一般过去时:I listened过去完成时:I had listened过去完成进行时: I had been listening将来完成时: I shall have listened将来完成进行时: I shall have been listening英语中不存在属格一个普遍的误解是在英语中只存在一个以 “ S结尾表示所属的属格。然而,语言学家已经表明英语的所有格完全不是一个格,而是一个独立的词并且在书写和发音上都不 是前一个词的一部分,这可以有下面这个句子表明: The King of Spartas wife was called
13、 Helen.(斯巴达国王的妻子叫做海伦。)如果 “s是属格,那么 妻子”(wife)就属于 斯巴达”(Sparta),但是“s并不是只表示 斯巴达”(Sparta),而是表示 斯 巴达国王 ”(King of Sparta)。上面这个例子并不表明英语没有自己的属格;但是它现在已经发展成为另一个形式。在古英语中,ban的属格形式是banes后来在现代英语中,这个发展成为了使用 “s表示的“bones”在18世纪,人们对此的解释是省略号代替了一个属格代词,就像“ the Ki ngs hors是 “ the King his hors啲缩写。但是这个解释是不正确的。人们更相 信是省略号代替了古英
14、语中的 “e。”英语和 “与格在现代英语中,与格不再是英语语法的一部分,它只出现在一些表达用语中。一个很 好的例子是单词methinks (据我看来)。它来源于古英语的与格形式变化: me (与格的人称代词)+thinks (to seem,与动词词组to think很接近的一个词组)。 与格在英语中可以不要前置词,例如在 “ He built me a sn owma n中一样。在这个例子中,“ me”与格。英语中不可把被动语态作为一种时态在部分英语教材中,由于编者自身对被动语态的理解或其他原因,错误的将被动语态 当成一种时态,但其实,被动语态是一种语态,不可能当作时态。在英国,这是一个 常识。因此,在英国,如果有人犯了这种错误,简直是贻笑大方。
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