人教版高中英语必修一语法知识点总.docx

1、人教版高中英语必修一语法知识点总人教版必修一各单元知识点总结Unit One Friendship一、重点短语1.go through经历，经受get through通过；完成；接通电话2. set down记下，放下3. a series of一系列4. on purpose有目的的5. in order to为了6. at dusk傍晚，黄昏时刻7. face to face面对面8. fall in love爱上9. join in参加（某个活动）；take part in参加（活动）join加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员）10. calm down冷静下来11. suffer fro

2、m遭受12. be/get tired of对感到厌倦13.beconcernedabout关心14.geton/alongwellwith与相处融洽15.begoodat/dowellin擅长于16. find it + adj. to do sth.发现做某事是17. no longer / notany longer不再18. too much太多（后接不可数n.）muchtoo太(后接adj.)19.notuntil直到才20.itsnopleasuredoingsth做并不开心21. make sb. sth.使某人成为make sb. do sth.使某人做某事二、语法-直接引语和

3、间接引语概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。例：Mr. Black said,“Im busy.”Mr. Black said that he was busy.变化规则（一）陈述句的变化规则直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that（可省略）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。人称的变化人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思例：1. He said,“I like it very much.”He said that he liked it very

4、much.2. He said to me,“Iv left my book in your room.”He told me that he had left his book in my room.时态的变化直接引语一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时间接引语一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时1一般将来时过去完成时过去将来时过去完成时例：“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary,”said Anne.Anne said that she didnt want to set down a series of fact

5、s in a diary.The boy said,“Im using a knife.”The boy said that he was using a knife.注意：如果直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变，如：He said,“Light travels much faster than sound.”He said that light travels much faster than sound.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化直接引语thisthesenowagotodayyesterdaytomorrowthe day after tomorrowhereth

6、e day before yesterday(二)祈使句的变化规则如果直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并根据句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等动词，如果祈使句是否定句，在不定式前面还要加上not。例：The hostess said to us,“Please sit down.”The hostess asked us to sit down.He said,“Dont make so much noise, boys.”He told the boys not to make somuch noise.（三）疑问句的变化规则如果直

7、接引语是疑问句，变为间接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，句末用句号。一般疑问句：如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，谓语动词是say或said时，要改为ask或asked,原问句变为由if/whether引导的宾语从句。例:2)特殊疑问句：如果间接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的引导词，但疑问句要变2间接引语thatthosethenbefore/earlierthat daythe day beforethe next/following dayIn two days timegotheretwo days before/earlier为陈述句。例：“What do y

8、ou want?”he asked me.He asked me what I wantedUnit twoEnglish around the world一、重点短语1. be different from与不同be the same as与一样2. one another相互，彼此（=each other）3. official language官方语言4. at the end of在结束时5. because of因为（后接名词或名词性短语）because因为（后接句子）6. native speakers说母语的人7. be based on根据，依据8. at present目前；

9、当今9. especially特别，尤其specially专门地10. make use of利用make the best of充分利用11. a large number of大量的，很多（作主语，谓语动词用复数）the number of的数量（作主语，谓语动词用单数）12. in fact = actually= as a matter of fact事实上13. believe it or not信不信由你14. there is no such thing as没有这样的事15. be expected to被期待做某事16. play a part/role in在起作用17.

10、make lists of列清单18. included包括（前面接包括的对象）Including包括（后接包括的对象）120. request sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事request + that从句(从句用should+V原)命令语气：表示直接命令某人做某事，语气比较重，不怎么礼貌，一般用于上级对下级例：1.“Look at the example”, the teacher said to us.2. Open the window!请求语气：表示请求某人做某事，语气比较缓和，非常礼貌例：1.“Would you like to see my flat?”She ask

11、ed.2. Would you please open the window?Unit 3 Travel journal一、重点短语1. travel-泛指旅行journey-指长时间长距离的陆上旅行voyage-指长距离的水上旅行，也可以指乘飞机旅行trip-常指短时间短距离的旅行tour-指周游，巡回旅游，2. prefer to更加喜欢，宁愿prefer A to B比起B，更喜欢Aprefer doing to doing比起做，宁愿做prefer to do rather than do与其做,不如3. flow through流过，流经4. ever since自从5. persu

12、ade sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事6. be fond of喜欢7. insist on doing坚持做某事insist + that从句（用should+ V原）8. care about关心. change ones mind改变想法310. altitude高度attitude态度，看法11. make up ones mind to do下定决心做某事= decide to do = make a decisionto do12. give in让步，屈服give up放弃13. be surprised to对感到惊奇to ones surprise令某人惊讶的是1

13、4. at last = finally = in the end最终15. stop to do停下来去做某事stop doing停止做某事16. as usual像往常一样17. sothat如此以至于So + adj + a/an + n. + thatSuch + a/an +adj. + n. + that18. be familiar with对熟悉（人作主语）be familiar to为所熟悉（物作主语）二、语法:现在进行时表将来现在进行时表将来，表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作，常见的现在进行时表将来的动词有：例：2. what are you doing next Sund

14、ay ?你下个星期天做什么？3. I hear that you are travelling along Mekong River.我听说你将沿湄公河旅行4. Where are you staying at night?你们晚上待在哪里/Unit fourEarthquakes一、重点短语1. right away立刻，马上（= at once = in no time）2. asleep睡着的；熟睡地（fall asleep入睡）sleep睡；睡眠sleepy犯困的3. it seems that/ as if看来好像；似乎4. in ruins成为废墟5. the number of的

15、数量（谓语动词用单数）a number of大量（谓语动词用复数）6. rescue workers营救人员Come to ones rescue营救某人7. be trapped被困8. how long多长时间how often多久，指平率how soon还要多久（用于将来时当中，用in+时间段回答）9. hundreds of thousands of成千上万的10. dig out挖出11. shake-泛指“动摇，震动”,常指左右、上下动摇，也可以指人“震惊，颤抖”例：1. She felt the earth shaking under him.2. She was shaken

16、with anger.quake-指较强烈的震动，如地震例:The building quaked on its foundationTremble-指人由于寒冷、恐惧、不安等引起的身体的抖动或声音的颤抖例：Suddenly I saw her lips begin to tremble and tears begin to flow down hercheeks.Shiver-多指寒冷引起的颤抖、哆嗦4例：A sudden gust of cold wind made me shiver.12. rise (roserisen)- vi,上升；升起，无被动语态；give rise to引起R

17、aise（raisedraised）- vt,举起；筹集；养育Arise ( arosearisen)-vt,出现（常指问题或现象）13. injure-常指因意外事故造成的损伤，也可以指感情上名誉上的伤害例：He was injured in a car accident.harm-泛指“伤害，损害”，既可以指有生命的，也可以指无生命的例：1. He was afraid that his fury would harm the child.2. His business was harmed for some reason.hurt-既可以指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的伤害例：1. Sh

18、e hurt her leg when she fell.2. He felt hurt at your word.wound-一般指枪伤、刀伤等在战场上受的伤例：The bullet wounded him in the arm.14. be prepared for= make preparations for为做准备15. in ones honor向表示敬意；为纪念Be/ feel honored to do做感到很荣幸16. make /give/ deliver a speech发言opening speech开幕词17. give/ provide shelter to向提供庇护

19、所seek shelter from躲避18. happen to + n./ pron.遭遇，发生happen to do sth.偶然；碰巧happen -指偶然发生take place-指事先计划好的事情发生二、语法-定语从句概念：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。成分：先行词，即被定语从句修饰的名词或代词；关系代词：that，which，who(宾格为whom,所有格为whose)；或者关系副词where，when，why等。关系代词或关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间，起着连接主从句的作用。1.关系代词that的用法关系代词that在定语从句中既能指人，也能指物；既能做主语

20、，也能做宾语例：1）A plane is a machine that can fly. (指物，作主语)2）The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. (指物，作宾语)3）Who is the man that is reading a book over there? (指人，作主语)4）The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jims sister,(指人，作宾语)2.关系代词which的用法关系代词which在定语从句中只能指物，但既可以做宾语也能作主语例：1）They planted some trees

21、which didnt need much water. (作主语)2）The fish (which) we bought this morning were not fresh. (作宾语)53.关系代词who，whom的用法关系代词who,whom只能指人，在定语从句中分别作主语和宾语例：1）The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.(作主语)2）The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. (作宾语)、4.关系代词whose在的用法关系代词whose为关系代词who的所有格形式

22、，其先行词既可以是人也可以是物，whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾语。例：1）This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. (指人，作主语)2）The room whose window faces south is mine. (指物，作主语)3）He has written a book whose nameIve forgotten. (指物，作宾语)5.关系副词when的用法关系副词when在定语从句xx时间状语例：1）Ill never forget the time when (

23、=during which) we worked on thefarm.2) Do you rember the afternoon when (=on which) we first met three yearsago?6.关系副词where在定语从句中的用法关系副词where在定语从句中做地点状语例：1）This is the place where( =at/ in which) we first met.2) The hotel where (= in which ) we stayed wasnt very clean.7.关系副词why在定语从句中的用法关系副词why在定语从句x

24、x原因状语例:1). I didnt get a pay rise, but this wasnt the reason why(= for which) I left.2). The reason why (=for which) he has late was that he missed the train.Unit 5 Nelson Mandelaa modern hero一、重点词汇1. selfish自私的selfless无私的2. devote oneself to致力于；献身于3. fight against对抗，反对fight for为而战4. principle原则prin

25、cipal校长；主要的5. offer guidance to给提供指导6. out of work失业7. join加入（组织，俱乐部，成为其中一员）join in参加（活动）take partin参加（活动）8. as + adj +as one can尽可能= as + adj. +as possible9. as a matter of fact事实上（=in fact）10. blow up爆炸，炸掉11. set up建立;set about着手，开始做（set about doing sth.）set off出发，动身;set out开始，出发（set out to do sth

26、.）12. be sentenced to被判13. be equal to与相等；胜任614. be proud of为感到自豪15. give out分发（give off散发出（气味）16. die for为而死die of死于（自身原因，如疾病）die from死于（外在原因，如车祸）17. realize ones dream of实现.的梦想18. only位于句首时，要主谓倒装例：Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.Only in this way, can we protect the environment better.二语法-定语从句详见第四单元7