大学英语第2次.docx

1、大学英语第2次大学英语(3)-(-第2次-)第2次作业一、阅读理解（本大题共100分，共 5 小题，每小题 20 分）1. Prehistoric men and women enjoyed a more varied diet than people do now, since they ate species of plant and several hundreds thousands types of living things. But only a tiny percentage of these were ever domesticated. Modern shops have

2、hastened a trend towards specialization which began in the earliest days of agriculture. The food of the rich countries has become cheaper relative to wages. It is speedily distributed in supermarkets. But the choice annually becomes less and less great. Even individual foods themselves become more

3、standardized. We live in the world of carrot specially blunted in order to avoid making a hole in the bag, and the tomato grown to meet a demand for a standard weight of weighting tomatoes to a kilo. Siri von Reis asks: Only the three major cereals （谷物类食物） and perhaps ten other widely cultivated spe

4、cies stand between famine and survival for the worlds human population and a handful of drug plants has served Western civilization for several thousand years. A rather obvious question arises: Are we missing something? After all, there are 800 000 species of plant on earth.(1). In prehistoric times

5、 people_.A. ate much more than we do todayB. lived mainly on plant foodC. had a wide-ranging dietD. were more fussy about what they ate(2). Most of us have come to expect_.A. no variation in our dietB. a reduction in food suppliesC. a specialist dietD. food conforming to a set standard(3). The speci

6、alization of food was started by_.A. the emergence of supermarketsB. the rise of agricultureC. the rich countriesD. the modern shops(4). According to the passage, people in the West today survive on_.A. carrots and tomatoesB. several thousand types of plants and cerealsC. a very small number of cult

7、ivated foodsD. special species planted one thousand years ago(5). The conclusion seems to be that we_.A. could make use of more natural speciesB. dont cultivate the right kind of foodC. produce more food than we needD. cultivate too many different species2. human body is distributed(分布)in two differ

8、ent ways. Some fat people have a large chest and no waistline(腰身), looking rather like apples. Others are fatter below the waist, looking more like pears.Doctors in Cambridge, England have been examining the relationship between health and fat (脂肪)distribution. They find that the pear-shaped fat peo

9、ple have fewer problems than the apple-shaped fat people. What seems to be most important is not how much fat you have but where you have it. The doctors measured the apple-shaped women and pear-shaped women with X-ray scanners(X光扫描器). Human beings have two types of fat:one is outside fat, that is t

10、he fat below the skin, and the other is inside fat that lies inside the body. Using the X-ray scanners, the doctors found that the “apples” have a large amount of inside fat.If this inside fat is much more than outside fat, it will probably cause health problems such as obesity(肥胖症). The best treatm

11、ent for obesity is to reduce the inside fat. But unfortunately diet treatment(饮食疗法) simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear. At the moment there is no effective way of reducing the inside fat.(1). According to the relation between health

12、and fatness _A. apple-shaped fat people have fewer problems than pear-shaped peopleB. its better to be apple-shaped than to be pear-shapedC. its better to be pear-shaped than to be apple-shapedD. fatness is the most dangerous enemy to health (2). The most important thing about fat people seems to be

13、 _.A. the amount of fat they haveB. the knowledge of which type of the fat people they belong toC. the amount of the outside fat they haveD. the place where they have the fat(3). The basic reason why some people suffer from obesity is that _.A. they take very little exercise every dayB. they have mu

14、ch more inside fat than is neededC. they are examined by X-ray scanners quite oftenD. they eat too much(4). According to what is mentioned in the passage, the best treatment for obesity at present is _.A. to reduce the amount of food and drinksB. to make the body shape smallerC. already known to tho

15、se people in troubleD. still to be found.3. University of Arizona researcher Dr. William Rathji says that after a study based on looking into garbage cans, the average family wastes at least $150 per year in food.Homemakers go out of their way to save pennies at the store and then dont realize that

16、waste of edible (可食用的) foods adds up much more at home, said Dr. Rathji. He was one of about 100 food experts who met in Boise for a conference on food waste and ways to prevent it.American families throw out between 8% and 20% of edible food at a cost of $4.5 billion per year. Thats almost as much

17、as the federal government spends every year for food stamps and child nutrition programs.He found that food items which are costly and in short supply tend to be wasted more. During the 1973 meat shortage, meat waste increased to 9%, compared with 3% in 1974 and 1975. Sugar and sugar products waste

18、jumped to 19% in 1975, when sugar prices doubled from the previous year.Dr. Rathji theorizes that high prices force consumers to experiment, sometimes buy in large quantities. In the case of meat, sometimes low-priced cuts for unappetizing varieties are purchased, consumers then tend to waste more.H

19、is theory is that the more variety in food bought, the more wasted. Regular bread is wasted at about a 10% rate, but specialty breads and rolls are wasted at a 20% rate.If people are eating the same thing every day, they learn how to manage it. But if youre trying to pull something out of the cookbo

20、ok every night, thats bound to be some waste.Another finding is that lower income families waste less food than middle and upper income families. And the study found that dog food, which accounts for 8% of a shopping cart, is rarely wasted. Fresh produce and frozen items are more likely to be wasted

21、.The study also showed people with the most knowledge of safe, edible food waste the least. Much food is tossed out because a homemaker suspects it is spoiled when it is not.(1). Large quantities of food are thrown out because a homemaker_.A. thinks they are not deliciousB. says they taste bitter an

22、d hotC. thinks they smell bad D. suspects they are spoiled when they are not (2). American families throw out between_of edible food every year.A. 5%8% B. 8%10%C. 20%28% D. 8%20%(3). When sugar prices doubled, waste of sugar_.A. went downB. went up C. stayed the sameD. was cut in half(4). Which of t

23、he following statements is true?_A. American housewives are not good homemakers.B. Upper-income families are more wasteful than lower-income ones.C. American families throw away almost as much food as they consume.D. Americans waste a great deal of dog food.(5). When do American families waste more

24、food?_A. When prices are high.B. When food is scarce. C. When they think it is spoiled.D. All of the above.4. Harvard University named historian Drew Gilpin Faust as its first female president on Sunday, ending a lengthy and secretive search to find a successor（接任者）to Lawrence Summers .The seven-mem

25、ber Harvard Corporation elected Faust, a noted scholar on History of the American South and dean of Harvards Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, as the universitys 28th president.“This is a great day, and a historic day for Harvard.” James R. Houghton, chairman of the presidential search committ

26、ee, said in a statement. “Drew Faust is an inspiring and accomplished leader, a superb scholar, a dedicated（献身的) teacher, and a wonderful human being.”Her selection is noteworthy given the heated debates over Summers comments that genetic differences between the sexes might help explain the lack of

27、women in top science jobs.Faust has been dean of Radcliffe since 2001, two years after the former womens college was combined into the university as a research center with a mission to study gender issues(性别问题).Some professors have quietly groused that the 371-year-old university is appointing a fif

28、th president who is not a scientist. No scientist has had the top job since James Bryant Conant retired in 1953; its last four have come from the fields of classics, law, literature and economics.1,3,5Faust is the first Harvard president who did not receive a degree from the university since Charles

29、 Chauncy, a graduate of Cambridge University, who died in office in 1762. She attended the University of Pennsylvania. “Teaching staff turned to her constantly.” said Sheldon Hackney, a former president of the University of Pennsylvania and historian who worked closely with Faust. “Shes very clear.

30、She has a sense of humor, but shes very strong-minded. You come to trust in her because shes so solid.” (1). Which is NOT true about Drew Gilpin Faust?A. She is the 28th president of Harvard University.B. She is a famous scholar from the American South.C. She isnt a graduate from Harvard University.

31、D. She was head of Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study.(2). Lawrence Summers held the view that .A. women cannot achieve as much as men in management B. women cannot hold important positions in society C. women can match men in science jobs D. few women make top scientists owing to genes (3). Which might be the best title for the passage?A. Harvard named its 1st female president. B. History of Harvard University changed. C.