届高三英语一轮复习专题十二定语从句练习.docx

1、届高三英语一轮复习专题十二定语从句练习1(2018北京卷)She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit.解析：句意：她和家人都骑自行车上班，这有助于他们保持健康。本题考查定语从句。根据题干可知，从句修饰的是前面的整句话，“她和家人骑自行车上班”这件事充当了定语从句中的主语成分，且此定语从句前出现逗号，是非限制性定语从句，所以用which引导。2(2018天津卷)Kate, whose sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to wo

2、rk in Australia.解析：句意：凯特去澳大利亚工作了。上大学期间我和她妹妹住同一房间。本题考查定语从句。先行词为Kate，将先行词代入定语从句后为I shared a room with Kates sister when we were at college. 由此可见，关系词在定语从句中作定语，先行词指“人”，故填关系代词whose。3(2018江苏卷)Selfdriving is an area where China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.解析：句意：无人驾驶是一个中国和世界上其他国家

3、处于同一条起跑线上的领域。考查定语从句。设空处引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词an area。将先行词代人定语从句后为China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line in_the_area. 由此可知先行词与表地点的介词in一起在定语从句中作地点状语，所以要用关系副词where。4(2017北京卷)The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.解析：句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小麻烦有

4、可能成为伟大发明的灵感。本题考查定语从句。题干中The little problems是先行词，_ we meet in our daily lives是定语从句，从句中缺少宾语且先行词由little修饰，因此用that引导定语从句。5(2017天津卷)My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.解析：句意：我的大儿子现在在纽约，他的工作让他走遍世界各地。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词son，空格处在从句中作定语修饰work，所以要用关系代词whose。6(2017江苏

5、卷)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.解析：句意：1963年，联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，这个组织的目标之一是减缓全球范围的饥荒。本题考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词是the World Food Programme，与定语从句中的purposes是所属关系，即the World Food Programmes purposes，故填whose。7(2016浙江卷)Scientists have advanced many

6、 theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.解析：句意：就人类为什么哭出眼泪科学家提出了许多理论，但没有一项理论得到过证明。先行词为theories，将先行词代入定语从句后为None of the_theories has been proved.由此可见先行词(指“物”)在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，且介词of已被提前，故答案为which。8(2016天津卷)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the w

7、eather may be better.解析：句意：我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。先行词为next week，将先行词代入定语从句后为The weather may be better next_week.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，故答案为when。9(2016北京卷)I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.解析：句意：我隔壁住着一对夫妻，他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。先行词为a couple，将先行词代入定语从句后为The_couples children

8、often make a lot of noise. 由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作定语，故答案为whose。10(2015福建卷)China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.解析：句意：今日中国吸引了世界各地的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为设空处前的一句话，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故答案为which。11(2015江苏卷)The num

9、ber of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.解析：句意：正如报道的那样，吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为整个主句的内容，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填as。 as is reported正如报道的那样。12(2015天津卷)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.解析：句意：该公司的老板

10、在努力营造一种轻松的氛围，在这种氛围中，他的员工们可以享受工作的乐趣。先行词为atmosphere，将先行词代入定语从句后为His employees enjoy their work in_the_easy_atmosphere.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故答案为where。13(2015安徽卷)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.解析：句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。先行词为skill，将先行词代入定语从句后为School

11、 education depends upon the_fundamental_skill.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作介词upon的宾语；本句中介词upon已被提前，故答案为which。14(2015北京卷)Opposite is St. Pauls Church, where you can hear some lovely music.解析：句意：你们在对面的圣保罗教堂能听到一些动听的音乐。先行词为St.Pauls Church，将先行词代入定语从句后为 You can hear some lovely music in_St.Pauls_Church.由此可知关系词在从句中作地点状语，

12、故用where。15(2015湖南卷)It is a truly delightful place, which looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.解析：句意：这真是一个令人愉快的地方，它看上去和100年前的样子一样，有蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的村舍。本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为place，将先行词代入定语从句后为The_place looks the same as.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作主语且指“事物”，故用which。在复合句中，

13、修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，通常用逗号与主句分开。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系词代替先行词，在从句中充当一定的成分。要点一：关系代词The little boy _ is singing there can recite quite a number of poems.正在那儿唱歌的那个小男孩能背诵很多首诗。The author

14、(whom) you criticized has written a letter in reply.你批评的那位作者写了一封回信。A person _ email account is full wont be able to send or receive any emails.电子邮箱满了的人将不能收发任何电子邮件。答案：who；whose一、关系代词 that 和 which 的区别There seems to be nothing _ seems impossible for him in the world.世界上对他来说好像没有不可能的事。Do you know the thi

15、ngs and persons _ they are talking about?你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？My house, _ I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。答案：that; that; which二、as/which 引导定语从句的区别1在限制性定语从句中，which 指代先行词是物的名词或代词，而 as 指代先行词是物或人的词，且先行词前一般有 as, so, such, the same 等限定语。She is so nice a girl _ we all like.她是个我们大家都喜

16、欢的如此好的女孩。David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like.大卫是所有老师都喜欢的一个好男孩。2定语从句修饰说明的是整个主句的内容时，as 引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前、之中或之后；which 引导的从句一般只置于主句之后。As we know, air is a gas.Air, as we know, is a gas.Air is a gas, as we know.众所周知，空气是一种气体。He keeps changing his mind, _ made us all angry.他不断地改变主意，这使我们大家都很生气。3定

17、语从句修饰说明的是整个主句的内容时，which 引导的从句在意义上与主句近乎并列关系，可用 and this/that 来代替；as 主要连接上下文，表达说话人的看法、观点，指出主句内容的出处或根据等，译为“正如”。He won the first prize, _ made him famous in his school.他获得了一等奖，这使他在学校出了名。_ is announced in todays newspaper, we must improve our style of work.正如今天的报纸上所说，我们必须改进工作作风。点拨 as常用在下列习惯用语中：as (it) of

18、ten happens, as I remember, as is often the case, as is expected, as is known to us, as is shown等。“such/so.that.”表示“如此以致”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such/so.as.”表示“像这样”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。“the same.that.”表示同一个人或物，而“the same.as.”表示同种类的人或物。答案：1.as; as2.which3.which; As三、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词关系代词”引导的定语从

19、句，即介词放在关系代词之前。1介词关系代词This is the gold medal _ which I feel proud.这是我引以为自豪的金牌。Do you know the man _ whom I spoke just now?你认识我刚才和他讲话的那个人吗？2简单介词关系代词名词Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, _ whose effects the people are still suffering.东南亚局部上个月受洪水袭击。如今，人们仍在遭受洪水的影响。3the名词of关系代词该结构表示所有

20、关系，口语中常用“whose名词”代替，非正式文体中可以用“of which the名词”。Recently, I bought an ancient vase, the price _ which was very reasonable.最近，我买了一个古代的花瓶，它的价格很合理。4表示整体或部分的词语of关系代词表示整体或部分的词语常见的有：不定代词 all, both, none, neither, either, some, any 和数词(含基数词、序数词、分数和百分数)；数词名词；the最高级/比较级，以及表示数目或数量的词语 many, most, few, several, e

21、nough, half, a quarter 等。Last week, only two people came to look at the house, neither of _ wanted to buy it.上周，只有两个人看房子，而且他俩都不想买。答案：1.of; to2.from3.of4.whom要点二：关系副词关系副词先行词句法功能when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语(只引导限制性定语从句)一、关系副词 when 引导的定语从句1先行词是表示时间的名词，从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，引导词常用关系副词 when, when 在从句中充当时间状语。I s

22、till remember the day _ I first came to this school.我还记得我第一次来这所学校的那天。2有时先行词是表示抽象意义的时间名词。像 stay, occasion 等。Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.我有时间和孩子们一起度过一天的机会很少。3“介词when”引导的定语从句，相当于“介词whichtime”。Jane is back in May, by _ the new house should be finished.简五月回来，到那时

23、止，新房子应该完工了。答案：1.when2.when3.when二、关系副词 where 引导的定语从句1先行词是表示地点的名词时，从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，引导词常用关系副词 where, where 在从句中充当地点状语。Jane paused in front of a counter _ some attractive ties were on display.简停留在一个柜台前，一些吸引人的领带摆在那儿。2有时先行词是表示抽象意义的地点名词，像 activity, business, career, case, job, point, position, race, stage,

24、 situation 等。I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.我到了应该作出人生抉择的时刻。答案：1.where2.where三、关系副词 why 引导的定语从句关系副词 why 引导定语从句时，修饰表示原因的名词。只能在定语从句中作原因状语，很多时候可以省略。如：The reason _ he didnt pass the driving test was that he lacked practice.因为缺少实践，他没有通过驾驶考试。点拨 定语从句中的注意事项：定语从句

25、中谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词保持一致。如：The Forbidden City is one of the worldfamous buildings that _ (draw) a lot of visitors.故宫是世界著名的吸引大批游客的建筑之一。He is the only one of the students who _ (have) been a winner of scholarships for three years.他是唯一一位三年获得奖学金的学生。关系代词 that/which/whom 在从句中作宾语时，可省略。如：There is no one else sh

26、e can turn to, is there?她没有可以寻求帮助的人，对吧？答案：why; draw; has.单句语法填空1The meeting room is crowded with children who/that have poor eyesight, all of them interested in painting.2Liu Xiang is retiring from the 110meterhurdle race, ending a career where he became a global superstar who went beyond the sport.

27、3Carefulness, without which you cant go to work well, is a kind of quality.4We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.5I admire my head teacher. I can remember very few occasions when he stopped working because of ill health.6As a student of Senior Three

28、，he has very little free time that he can spend developing his own interest.7At the request of some English learners, he has published a lot of books, one of which is about English idioms.8Not far from the building, there was a garden, whose owner was seated in it playing chess with his little grand

29、son every afternoon.9With the fast development of agriculture, the people, in whose village she taught 10 years ago, have lived a happy life.10The result was not the same as they had expected, whichwas rather disappointing.11Mr Luke, in whose supermarket we bought an iPad last week, will give us a r

30、eport on how to choose a career this evening.12Tango is a passionate dance, which brings the dancers together in a way that words cant express.13In most cases, college graduates dont mind what job they will do so long as it is one where they can earn money to support themselves.14A wild Siberian tig

31、er has been caught on camera eating dead livestock in Heilongjiang Province where the first images of this sort were captured.15The Adulthood Ceremony was held in the school lecture hall which/that seats approximately 500 students.单句改错1It is wise to have as many good friends that we can. that改为as2Last Friday, our school organized us to a fire stat