英语强调句型详解及练习.docx

1、英语强调句型详解及练习1. 强调结构的陈述式强调结构的陈述式为“It is （was） + 被强调部分 + that （who）”。该结构可用于强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语动词。该句式中用that或who的区别是：当被强调的指人时，用that或who均可；当被强调的不是指人时，则只能用that（注意不用which）。如：It was in the office that he was killed. 他是办公室被杀害的。（强调in the office）It is the children who broke the window. 是孩子们打破窗户的。（强调the children

2、）It was to you and not anyone else that I lent the money. 我只借钱给你，不借给其他人。（强调to you and not anyone）It is only when you have your own children that you realize the troubles of parenthood. 当你有了自己的孩子，才能真切地了解到双亲的辛苦。（强调only when you have your own children）2. 一般疑问句的强调结构一般疑问句的强调结构就是将be提到句首，即使用“Is / Was it+ 被

3、强调部分 + that / who”。如：Is it Tommy who answered the telephone? 是汤米接的电话吗? Is it from advertising that a newspaper earns a lot of its profits? 报纸获利最多的部分是在于广告收入吗？3. 特殊疑问句的强调结构特殊疑问句的强调结构句型为“疑问词（Who / What / When / Where / Why / How）+is / was it that”这样的形式。如：When was it that he got married? 他是什么时候结婚的? How

4、long ago is it that you last saw her? 你上一次看见她是多久以前的事? Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 谁赢得了1982年的世界杯? Why is it that I always land up cleaning the bath? 为什么总是该我来洗刷浴缸? In which play of Shakespeares is it that Viola appears? 维欧拉是在莎士比亚那个剧里出现的吗?强调句的结构是“It is / was +强调部分 + that / who-从句”，it在句中作

5、先行词，被强调的部分通常是主语、宾语和状语。这是it的主要用法和考点之一。一 在强调句中，被强调的是状语或状语从句时，要用that引导从句，而不能用which引导,而且通常不能省略。强调状语（从句）是历年高考中最主要的考点。例如（MET95）：It was not until 1920 _ regular radio broadcasts began.A. while B. which C. that D. since答案是C。不能选B，因为该句中被强调的部分是时间状语从句。二 被强调的是非人称主语或宾语时，现代英语既可用that引导，也可用which引导。例如（NMET2000）：It is

6、 the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are.A. one B. that C. what D. it答案是B，其中that也可换成which。又如：It is the sun that / which gives us light and heat. 是太阳给了我们光和热。三 被强调者为人时，引导词用who或that。例如（上海高考题95）：Was _ that I saw last night at the concert?A. it you B. not you C. you D.

7、 that yourself答案是A。句中的引导词that可换用who。有时强调句以倒装（疑问句）形式出现，此时可用“还原法”加以辨别。必须注意的是，当被强调的是主语时，代词要用主格形式。例如：It was I who discovered the secret first. 是我最先发现这个秘密的。四 对notuntil时间状语从句进行强调时，其句型是：It is / was not until that-从句，即not和until在强调句中总是紧挨着的。例如（MET92）：It was not _ she took off her dark glasses _ I realized she

8、 was a famous film star.A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then答案是B。注意习惯上不用not till，而且从句不能用when引导。五 强调句和修饰时间及地点的定语从句的区别。比较下面两例：Was it in 1969 _ the American astronaut succeeded _ landing on the moon?A. when; on B. that; on C. when; in D. that; in (上海高考题94)It was December26, 1893 _

9、Mao Zedong was born in the common village.A. when B. that C. which D. in which答案分别是D和A。前一句是强调句，因为被强调的部分in 1969是that从句中一个完整的句子成分，改为非强调句后的句子是：The American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon in 1969。 而后一句的December 26, 1893不能成为从句的一个完整成分，所以不是强调句，而是定语从句，December 26, 1893是先行词。在强调句中，it是先行词；在第二句中，it作

10、主语，指时间。六 被强调的不管是单数还是复数名词，主句的be动词都用单数，即is或was。例如：It _ Madame Curie and his husband Pierre who discovered radium.A. is B. was C. are D. were答案是B。由于所叙述的是过去的事，不能用is。典型迷惑题分析1. _ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.A. It was we being late B. It was our being lateC. It was we were too

11、late D. It was because we were late【迷惑】此题容易误选D，认为强调的是原因状语从句 because we were late。【分析】但实际上，此题的答案为B，强调的是句子主语 our being late，此题若还原成非强调句，即为： Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.注意，强调句的一个显著特点是，若去掉强调结构 it is was that，句子仍然成立；换句话说，该结构中的 that 不能充当句子成分。2. “How was _ they discove

12、red the entrance to the underground palace?” “Totally by chance.”A. it that B. he thatC. it when D. he which【迷惑】几个干扰项均可能误选。【分析】答案选A，为强调句的特殊疑问句形式，其相应的陈述句形式为： It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace. 比较以下各题，它们也属强调句的特殊疑问句形式：(1) Who was it _ saved the drownin

13、g girl?A. since B. as C. that D. he答案选C，被强调成分为 who，该句实为类似 It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的Tom 提问而得）。(2) What is it _ his daughter needs most?A. what B. which C. that D. if答案选C，被强调成分为 what，该句实为类似 It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的a bike 提问而得）。3.

14、 _ was very _ that little Jim wrote the letter.A. It, careful B. It, carefullyC. He, careful D. He, carefully【迷惑】几个干扰项均有可能误选，但最有可能误选的可能是A，认为这是一个普通的系表结构，即认为第二空要填形容词作表语。【分析】其实，此题是一个强调句，其非强调形式为 Little Jim wrote the letter very carefully. 若用 it is that 的强调句式强调其中的状语 very carefully 即为上面一题的题干，所以答案应选B。请看下面几

15、例，也属强调结构：(1) It was when she was about to go to bed _ the telephone rang.A. since B. as C. that D. then答案选C，被强调成分为 when she was about to go to bed 这一时间状语从句。(2) It may have been at Christmas _ John gave Mary a handbag.A. before B. who C. that D. when答案选C，被强调成分为 at Christmas，其中的动词 be 采用了 may have been

16、 这一较为复杂的形式。4. “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?” “It was in the hall _ the students often have a meeting.”A. where B. whichC. that D. when【陷阱】很可能误选C，认为这是一个强调句，强调地点状语 in the hall。【分析】假若选C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，该句的意思是“学生们通常是在大厅开会”，单

17、独看这一句，无论是其意思还是其语法均未错，但若将其与上文联系起来看，则不通，因为上文的意思是“你是在哪儿找到昨天作报告的那位教授的?”假若将答句改为 It was in the hall that I found the professor，则完全可以。其实，此题的最佳答案是A，where the students often have a meeting 为定语从句，用以修饰其前的名词 the hall，句意为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅(找到教授的)”，这样语意就通顺了。5. It was what he meant rather than what he said _ annoyed

18、me.A. which B. asC. what D. that【迷惑】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】此题为一个强调句型，空格处应填 that (即选D)，被强调成分为 what he meant rather than what he said。句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。请再看两例：(1) It was his nervousness in the interview _ probably lost him the job.A. which B. since C. that D. what答案选C，为强调句型，被强调成分为 his nervousness in t

19、he interview，句意为“很可能是面试时表现出紧张，使他失去了这份工作”。(2) It is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are.A. one B. that C. what D. it答案选B，为强调句型，被强调成分为 the ability to do the job，句意为“重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你来自何地或你是从事什么工作的”。6. It was in the small house _ was built with stones by his fathe

20、r _ he spent his childhood.A. which, that B. that, whichC. which, which D. that, where【迷惑】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是分不清为强调句型，或即使分清为强调句型，也分不清强调哪一个成分。【分析】答案选A，第一空填 which，用以引导定语从句；第二空填that，为强调句的结构词，被强调部分为 in the small house (以及修饰它的定语从句 which was built with stones by his father)。此题难就难在强调句型中套用了定语从句。请再看类似例子：(1) It w

21、as the boy _ had been in prison _ stole the money.A. who, where B. that, howC. who, that D. that, which此题答案选C，全句为强调句，被强调成分是 the boy (以及修饰它的定语从句who had been in prison)。(2) It was just in the room _ he was born _ he died.A. where, which B. that, thatC. where, that D. which, that此题答案选C，全句为强调句，被强调成分是 in

22、 this room，where he was born 为修饰 the room 的定语从句。7. Was it five oclock _the fire broke out?A. when B. thatC. which D. in which【迷惑】容易误选B，误认为这是强调句。【分析】其实，此题应选A，这不是强调句。因为在强调句中，若去掉强调句的结构词 it is wasthat，句子结构仍然完整，但此句不是这样，若去掉结构词，即为 Five oclock the fire broke out，句子不完整，但若在five oclock前加上介词at则可以，因为 at five ocl

23、ock 用作时间状语。此题选A可分析为：it 表时间，when the fire broke out 为时间状语从句，全句意为“火灾是5点钟发生的吗?”比较下面一题（答案选B，为强调句）：Was it at five oclock _the fire broke out?A. when B. thatC. which D. in which8. “Was it under the tree _ you were away talking to a friend?” “Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone.A. that B. wh

24、ereC. which D. while【迷惑】此题很容易误选A，认为这是强调句型。【分析】其实此题应选D。做好此题的关键是正确理解上下文的语境。在此句中，it 是代词，指代 the bike，句意为：“当你离开去同朋友谈话的时候，你的自行车是在这树下吗?”“当然，但当我回来时，自行车就不见了。”现在反过来分析一下，假若选A，将此句判为强调句，句子即为 Was it under the tree that you were away talking to a friend? 若进一步转换为非强调句，句子则为 Under the tree while you were talking to a

25、friend，句意显然很荒唐。9. Its more than half a century _ my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people.A. when B. thatC. since D. while【迷惑】容易误选B，认为这是强调句型。【分析】假若选B，将此句分析为强调句，那么若将此句还原为非强调句就应该是My grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people more than half a century. 很显然,

26、 句中的 more than half a century 是一段时间，然而它修饰的谓语动词 joinedbecame 却是两个终止性动词，这显然不合适。其实，此题应选C，属于“It is一段时间since 从句”句型，句意为“我爷爷加入党组织成为人民的公仆已有半个多世纪了”。此句的主句谓语也可以用现在完成时态(has been)，但在口语中多用一般现在时代替。10. It was lack of money, not of effort, _ defeated their plan.A. which B. asC. that D. what【迷惑】容易误选A，受空格前逗号的影响，误认为这是一

27、个非限制性定语从句，从而误选了A。【分析】其实，此题最佳答案为C，整个句子为强调句，被强调成分为 lack of money, not of effort。由于句中插入 not of effort 这一结构，干扰了许多同学对 it was lack of money that defeated their plan 这一强调句的认识和理解。 精编迷惑题训练1.Who are making so much noise in the garden?_ the children.A. It is B. They areC. That is D. There are2. It is _ he ofte

28、n fails in exams _ makes his parents worried about him.A. what; that B. that; whatC. that; that D. / ; that3. It is the protection for the trees _ really matters, rather than how many trees are planted.A. what B. thatC. 不填 D. which4. It is _ my father worked _ I work now.A. where, that B. where, whe

29、nC. that, where D. that, that5. Was _ that I saw last night at the concert?A. it you B. not youC. you D. that you6. It was ten oclock _ he came back home.A. when B. thatC. since D. after7. It was not until he came back _ he knew the police were looking for him.A. which B. sinceC. that D. before 【答案与

30、解析】1. 选A。为强调句型 It is the children who are making so much noise 之省略。2. 选C。为强调句型，被强调成分为主语从句 that he often fails in exams。3. 选B。为强调句型，句意为“真正重要的在于保护树，而不在于种多少树”。4. 选A，整个句子为 it was that 格式的强调句式，即第二空要填that；第一空填where，where my father worked 为地点状语从句，为强调句的被强调部分。句意为“我现在我父亲曾经工作过的地方工作”。5. 选A，为强调句的一般疑问句形式，其相应陈述句为

31、It was you that I saw 。6. 选A。when 表示“当的时候”，句首的 it 表示时间，全句意为“当他回到家时，时间是10点钟。”7. 选C。为 He didnt know the police were looking for him until he came back 之强调形式。注意，not until 的强调句式通常为 It was not until that It is/was+.who/that强调句型使用频率很高,高考也很注重对它的考查,然而该句型结构复杂,变化多样,在实际使用过程中颇有难度。笔者认为使用强调句型时应注意下列十要素(本文前五个要素合并举例说明,后五个要素分别举例说明)一、如果强调句型指现在或未来情况用It is,指过去情况用It was。二、被强调部分往往是句子的主语、宾语、时间状语和地点状语,但有时也可强调比较复杂的内容,如时间状语从句、条件状语从句、not until.、not only.b