岩土工程专业词汇.docx

1、岩土工程专业词汇一. 综合类 geO,blog1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程 2.foundation engineering基础工程 3.soil, earth土 4.soil mechanics土力学 cyclic loading周期荷载 unloading卸载 reloading再加载 viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基 viscous damping粘滞阻尼 shear modulus剪切模量 5.soil dynamics土动力学 6.stress path应力路径 7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学 二

2、. 土的分类 1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位 2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table地下水位 3.clay minerals粘土矿物 4.secondary minerals次生矿物 5.landslides滑坡 6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图 7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察 8.boulder漂石 9.cobble卵石 10.gravel砂石 11.gravelly sand砾砂 12.coarse sand粗砂 13.m

3、edium sand中砂 14.fine sand细砂 15.silty sand粉土 16.clayey soil粘性土 17.clay粘土 18.silty clay粉质粘土 19.silt粉土 20.sandy silt砂质粉土 21.clayey silt粘质粉土 22.saturated soil饱和土 23.unsaturated soil非饱和土 24.fill (soil)填土 25.overconsolidated soil超固结土 26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土 27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土 28.zona

4、l soil区域性土 29.soft clay软粘土 30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土 31.peat泥炭 32.loess黄土 33.frozen soil冻土 三. 土的基本物理力学性质 1.cc compression index 2.cu undrained shear strength 3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0 (cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally c

5、onsolidated and overconsolidated, respectively 4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test 5.e0 natural void ratio 6.Ip plasticity index 7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stresses1 and2 8.K0 domain for effective stresses1 and2 9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state 10.K0u K0 coefficie

6、nt under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition 11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient 12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively 13.N blow count, s

7、tandard penetration test 14.OCR over-consolidation ratio 15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test 16.p0 effective overburden pressure 17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test 18.qu unconfined compressive strength 19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m den

8、otes mean value of a specimen 20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively 21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively 22.1,2 principal stresses, 1 and2 denote effective principal stresses 23.Atterberg li

9、mits阿太堡界限 24.degree of saturation饱和度 25.dry unit weight干重度 26.moist unit weight湿重度 27.saturated unit weight饱和重度 28.effective unit weight有效重度 29.density密度 pactness密实度 31.maximum dry density 最大干密度 32.optimum water content最优含水量 33.three phase diagram三相图 34.tri-phase soil三相土 35.soil fraction粒组 36.sieve

10、analysis筛分 37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析 38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数 39.coefficient of gradation级配系数 40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土 41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土 42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统 43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会 44.AASHTO=

11、American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会 45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会 四. 渗透性和渗流 1.Darcys law 达西定律 2.piping管涌 3.flowing soil流土 4.sand boiling砂沸 5.flow net流网 6.seepage渗透（流） 7.leakage渗流 8.seepage pressure渗透压力 9.permeability渗透性

12、 10.seepage force渗透力 11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度 12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数 五. 地基应力和变形 1.soft soil软土 2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力 3.effective stress有效应力 4.total stress总应力 5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度 6.low activity低活性 7.sensitivity灵敏度 8.triaxial test三轴试验 9.foundatio

13、n design基础设计 10.recompaction再压缩 11.bearing capacity承载力 12.soil mass土体 13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力） 14.concentrated load集中荷载 15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体 16.homogeneous均质 17.isotropic各向同性 18.strip footing条基 19.square spread footing方形独立基础 20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土） 21

14、.dead load =sustained load恒载 持续荷载 22.live load活载 23.short term transient load短期瞬时荷载 24.long-term transient load长期荷载 25.reduced load折算荷载 26.settlement沉降 27.deformation变形 28.casing套管 29.dike=dyke堤（防） 30.clay fraction粘粒粒组 31.physical properties物理性质 32.subgrade路基 33.well-graded soil级配良好土 34.poorly-grade

15、d soil级配不良土 35.normal stresses正应力 36.shear stresses剪应力 37.principal plane主平面 38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力 39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件 40.FEM=finite element method有限元法 41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法 42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力 43.preconsolidation pressur

16、e先期固结压力 44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量 45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数 pression index压缩指数 47.swelling index回弹指数 48.geostatic stress自重应力 49.additional stress附加应力 50.total stress总应力 51.final settlement最终沉降 52.slip line滑动线 六. 基坑开挖与降水 1 excavation开挖（挖方） 2 dewatering（基坑）降水 3 failure of foundation

17、基坑失稳 4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护 5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起 6 retaining wall挡土墙 7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布 8 dewatering method降低地下水位法 9 well point system井点系统（轻型） 10 deep well point深井点 11 vacuum well point真空井点 12 braced cuts 支撑围护 13 braced excavation支撑开挖 14 braced sheeting支撑挡板 七. 深基

18、础-deep foundation 1.pile foundation桩基础 1)cast in-place灌注桩 diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩 bored pile钻孔桩 special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩 piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩 rammed bulb pile夯扩桩 2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础 drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩 under-reamed bored pier 3)precast concrete p

19、ile预制混凝土桩 4)steel pile钢桩 steel pipe pile钢管桩 steel sheet pile钢板桩 5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩 prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩 2.caisson foundation沉井（箱） 3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙 4.friction pile摩擦桩 5.end-bearing pile端承桩 6.shaft竖井；桩身 7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析 8.pile caps承台（桩帽） 9.bearin

20、g capacity of single pile单桩承载力 10.lateral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验 11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力 12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验 13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力 14.low pile cap低桩承台 15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台 16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pil

21、e单桩抗拔极限承载力 17.silent piling静力压桩 18.uplift pile抗拔桩 19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩 20.pile groups群桩 21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（） 22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应 23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术 24.final set最后贯入度 25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验 26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验 27.pile head=butt桩头 2

22、8.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头） 29.pile spacing桩距 30.pile plan桩位布置图 31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置 32.group action群桩作用 33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻 34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻 35.pile cushion桩垫 36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩 37.pile pulling test拔桩试验 38.pile sho

23、e桩靴 39.pile noise打桩噪音 40.pile rig打桩机 八. 地基处理-ground treatment 1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范 2.cushion垫层法 3.preloading预压法 4.dynamic compaction强夯法 5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法 6.vibroflotation method振冲法 7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩 8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩 9.cemen

24、t-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩 10.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩 11.cement column水泥桩 12.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩 13.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法 14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法 15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩 lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩 lime soil pile灰土挤密桩 16.chemical stabilization化学加固法 17.surface

25、compaction表层压实法 18.surcharge preloading超载预压法 19.vacuum preloading真空预压法 20.sand wick袋装砂井 21.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物 posite foundation复合地基 23.reinforcement method加筋法 24.dewatering method降低地下水固结法 25.freezing and heating冷热处理法 26.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理 27.ground treatment in mountain area 山区

26、地基处理 28.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理 29.artificial foundation人工地基 30.natural foundation天然地基 31.pillow褥垫 32.soft clay ground软土地基 33.sand drain砂井 34.root pile树根桩 35.plastic drain塑料排水带 36.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率 九. 固结consolidation 1.Terzzaghis consolidation theory太沙基固结理论 2.Barraons consolida

27、tion theory巴隆固结理论 3.Biots consolidation theory比奥固结理论 4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比 5.overconsolidation soil超固结土 6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力 7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结 8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结 9.primary consolidation主固结 10.secondary consolidation次固结 11.degree of con

28、solidation固结度 12.consolidation test固结试验 13.consolidation curve固结曲线 14.time factor Tv时间因子 15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数 16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力 17.principle of effective stress 18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结 十. 抗剪强度shear strength 1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度 2.residual

29、 strength残余强度 3.long-term strength长期强度 4.peak strength峰值强度 5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率 6.dilatation剪胀 7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法 8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法 9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔库仑理论 10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角 11.cohesion粘聚力 12.failure crit

30、erion破坏准则 13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度 14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度 15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线 16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数 十一. 本构模型-constitutive model 1.elastic model弹性模型 2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型 3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型 4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型 5.boundary surface model边界面模型 6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯张模型 7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型 8.cap model盖帽模型 9.work softening加工软化 10.work hardening加工硬化 11.Cambridge model剑桥模型 12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型 13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔库仑屈服准则 14.yield surface屈服面 15.elastic half-space foundation m