医学英语视听说.docx

1、医学英语视听说Medical English Watching Listening and Speaking医学英语视听说考试资料 Test Introduction：Part 1：名词解释Part 2：简答Part 3：病例分析Part 4：体检Questions For Diagnosis &Treatment-Chest Pain 1Possible Disease M.I.(myocardial infarction)心肌梗塞Angina 心绞痛Pericarditis心包炎Pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞Pneumothorax 气胸Cholecystitis胆囊炎Sev

2、ere indigestion严重消化不良Pneumonia 肺炎Pancreatitis胰腺炎Musculoskelrtal 骨骼系统性疼痛2Descriptions of PainAches疼痛 ,throbbing悸痛,pulsing疼痛，stings 刺痛like a stabbing pain, Sharp pain,comes in waves ,sudden pain,My chest feels tightIt feels like a tight band around my chestPressure ,压迫感3. Useful Sentences For Chest Pa

3、in How Long What does the pain feel like? Show me where the pain is? Is the pain just in that area or does it spead anywhere else? Do u have any pain in ur shoulder or down ur left arm? Is the pain constant there all the time? Does the pain get worse when u -breathe in or out? -walk around or do hea

4、vy work? What painkillers did u have?Aspirin（阿司匹林,paracetamol(扑热息痛)Here are the Forms（化验单），U Need to have some blood test, X-ray,and ECG right away！Ur results show that u have -,I am afraid u will have to be admitted into hospital for treatment (住院治疗) U need to have intravenous antibiotics (静脉输液)，an

5、d oral medication (口服药)。 Question for Diagnosis &Treatment -Diarrhea(腹泻)1.Possible DiseaseFood poisoning 食物中毒Dysentery痢疾Intestinal Obstruction肠梗阻Dehydration脱水Intussusception 肠套叠Enteritis 肠炎(小肠炎)Crohns Disease 节段性回肠炎Irritable bowel syndrome 过敏性结肠炎Bowel Tumour肠瘤Constipation 便秘2.Descriptive Words for F

6、aeces粪便 and DiarrheaLiquid液体 watery 水样Lumpy 粒状Semi-soft 半软Mucous 粘液Bloody bloody and like jelly带血胶状Dark brown 咖啡色Cream color 乳白色Beige 浅褐色Dry 干燥Black and sticky黑色呈柏油Smelly 发臭的Pus 脓 Milk deposits 牛奶沉淀Un-digested未消化的Pale 白色Green 青色 3.Question for Diarrhea （顺序为横）How long How many times Bloody? Stool（大便）

7、 look like?Do they smell? Pain when u have diarrhea?Vomit? Eat something wrong?Able to eat ?How about fluids ? Any fever or headache?Do u feel dehydrated (脱水)?Specimen（样品）of stools ;blood test; x-ray; ultrasound(超声)-U must take fluids ,and just have a light diet until feel betterPossible bowel cance

8、r（肠癌）（顺序为横）3 times a week 2 or 3times a dayA bit soft ,dark brown Not smellpain going with Abdominal pain or discomfortFeel bloated 腹胀 Press on stomach and palpate Do test of specimen of ur stools ,blood test Might need endoscopic内窥镜的,内窥镜检查的 or sigmoidoscopy乙状结肠镜检查术Questions For Diagnosis & Treatmen

9、t-Abdominal Pain1.Possible DiseaseAbdominal Obstruction 腹胀bd mnlAppendicitis 阑尾炎pendsats Food Poisoning 食物中毒Hepatitis 肝炎heptatsCholecystitis(gallstones) 胆囊炎，（胆结石）klisistaitisGynecological Problems 妇科疾病ainikldiklStomach Ulcer 胃溃疡lsPancreatitis 胰腺炎pkritaitisUrological Problems 泌尿系统问题Respiratory proble

10、ms 呼吸系统问题resprt:riCardiovascular problems 心血管问题k:di:vskjl2.Useful Sentences How long?where? how painful is it?Did the pain strat there or somewhere else?Does it hurt more after certain exercises or actions?Do u feel that u have had fever at anytime?Are u passing urine ok?(你排尿正常吗？)What does ur urine

11、look like?Are u having your bowels open regularly?(排便正常吗)Are u menstruating ?is it normal ?Bleeding?is it normal ?Having a period?is it normal?(females ,月经来了吗？)Are u vomiting?What do u vomit? Is there a pattern?(一般什么情况下呕吐)Are u able to eat or drink?Do u get pain after eating and drinking?Please lay

12、down ,I need to examine u I will need to do some investigations :blood tests ,x-ray and ultrasound ,urine tests and stool testsCholecystitisD:Hello ,my name is Dr pan ,how can I help u?P:I have had abdominal pain for a few days and its getting worse.D;how long have u had abdominal pain?P;about three

13、 days.D;where is it?can u show me ?P:yes ,just here .D;how painful is it?P:at first it was just on and off ,but now it seems to be there all the time.D: on a scale of 1 to 10;if no pains is 1 and very painful 10,what number would u give your pain?P; Id give it a 7D;did the pain start there or somewh

14、ere else?P;its always been there .D;does it hurt more after exercise or actions?P；if iam waling around a lot ,it will hurt a bit more.D; do u feel that u have had a fever at any time?P;no,I dont think so ,I have felt hot but I havent taken my temperature.D；I need to take ur temperature ,pulse ,and B

15、/PAre u passing urine ok?P;yesD;what does ur urine look like?P;normal D;are u having ur bowels open regulatly?P;usually I do ,but I havent had my bowels open for a couple of days.D;have u vomited?P;no,I thought I was going to today but the feeling passed.D;are u able to eat and drink anything?P;Im d

16、rinking but I havent really felt like eating.D:what have u been drinking?P：I have had a couple of glasses of water and a couple of cups of coffee.D:does the pain get worse after eating or drinking、P;no ,not that I ve noticed.D;I need to examine you.please lay down,and loosen ur clothing for me.P;ok.

17、D;show me where it hurts.P:it hurts just there.D;ok take a nice big breth, breathe in and out ,now try and relax.P:ouch,that hurts.D；OK thanks ,u can get dressed now.P:I will need to do some investigations : :blood tests ,x-ray and ultrasound ,urine tests and stool testsD;hello ,your results show th

18、at u might have cholecystitis,u need to be admitted to hospital for observation and treatment ,and we may need to do more tests before we have a correct diagnosis.P;do I really need to be admitted into hospital, isnt there anything u can give me for the pain and to help the problem?D; sorry , no ,it

19、 is best that u are admitted for further test ,we can check that u havent got gallstones or something seriously with ur liver.P;all right ,PPT of Abdomial Pain“All who have had much experience of the group of cases known generally as the acute abdomen will probably agree that in that condition early

20、 diagnosis is exceptional.”Types of abdominal painColicky（绞痛 0pain - caused by distention（膨胀）of a hollow viscus（空脏器）, such as bowel.Somatic （躯干身体）pain - caused by inflammation（炎症）of the parietal peritoneum（壁层腹膜）;Visceral（内脏的）pain - caused by inflammation of the visceral peritoneum and capsule of sol

21、id organs.Quadrant（象限）View of the AbdomenRight UpperCholecystitis（胆囊炎）Inflammation of the gall bladder 胆囊, caused by duct obstruction （管道堵塞）with a gall stone.Pain is usually steady for an hour or more after onset and made worse by eating.If there is significant inflammation associated with the chole

22、cystitis, there may be local peritoneal pain (somatic pain)腹膜性疼痛.Pain may be referred to the scapular(肩胛的)area and accompanies nausea恶心, vomiting, and fever without jaundice黄疸.Diagnosed with ultrasound(超声). Cholangitis胆管炎 Caused by obstruction of the biliary tract(胆道)leading to bacterial overgrowth

23、in the gall bladder. Marked by Charcots Triad（查科三联征） RUQ(右上腹)pain, jaundice and fever. Diagnosed by ultrasound. Is an emergency and must be treated with IV antibiotics(静脉抗生素). May require decompression(解压)via（凭借）endoscopic(内窥镜的)or surgical means.Hepatitis（肝炎） Caused by inflammation（感染） of the liver

24、by viruses（病毒）, alcohol or certain drugs. Marked by tender, enlarged liver with malaise（不舒服）, fever and jaundice. Diagnosed by history and laboratory evaluation - liver function tests and viral serologies.（病毒血清学的检查） Treatment depends on etiology （病因，病原）of disease. Pancreatitis（胰腺炎） Most commonly cau

25、sed by alcoholism (50%) and gall stones (30%) obstructing the common bile .（胆汁）duct（管道）. Constant mid-epigastric（上腹部的） visceral（内脏的）pain usually occurring after a heavy meal or alcoholic binge. Pain may radiate to the back (50%) and is accompanied by nausea, vomiting and anorexia （厌食症）. Diagnosed by

26、 amylase （淀粉酶）and lipase脂肪酶. Imaging by CT scan may be desirable in some cases.Left UpperPeptic Ulcer （胃溃疡） Caused by increased gastric acid production （胃酸容物）or decreased mucosal（粘膜的）protection. Increased gastric acid production may be caused by alcoholism（酒精中毒）or gastrin producing tumor (Zollinger-

27、Ellison Syndrome佐林格-埃利森综合征). Decreased mucosal protection may be caused by overuse of NSAIDs（非类固醇抗炎药）or by infection with Helicobacter pylori幽门螺旋杆菌. Pain is visceral and may become somatic （腹膜性疼痛）if perforation（穿孔）occurs. There may be radiation to the back. Diagnosed by H. pylori antigen（抗原）in the s

28、erum（血清）, endoscopy内镜检查 Left Lower（卵巢囊肿不考。）Right LowerAppendicitis Caused by obstruction of the appendiceal（阑尾的）lumen(腔) Pain starts as periumbilical(脐周的)and migrates(迁移)to the RLQ (McBurneys Point) Is accompanied by nausea, vomiting and anorexia(厌食症). May have fever - especially if ruptured. Diagno

29、sed by ultrasound or CT scan. Treatment is surgical and is an emergency if ruptured.General Abdominal PainSome causes of abdominal pain are generalized and not restricted to any specific quadrant.Gastritis(胃炎) Caused by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract by microorganisms(微生物), radiation（放射物

30、）and other irritants（刺激物）. Described as diffuse（扩散）crampy（痉挛）痛 abdominal pain. Often accompanied by diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, dehydration（脱水）and fever. Diagnosis is by history and so on Bowel Obstruction（肠梗阻） Caused by obstruction of the bowel lumen （空腔）by mass, volvulus（肠扭转）, intussusception（肠套叠）

31、around scar（伤疤）adhesions（粘连）. Pain is colicky in nature，accompanied by vomiting May be accompanied by watery diarrhea - Diagnosed by abdominal x-rays looking for distended(膨胀的)loops环结 of bowel and air-fluid levels（气液面）.Kidney Stones Caused by obstruction of the upper urinary tract（上泌尿道）by a stone that is induced（导致）by dehydration（脱水）, infection, hypercalcemia