版高三英语一轮复习 第1部分 基础知识解读 Unit 24 Society教师用书 北师大版选修8.docx

1、版高三英语一轮复习 第1部分 基础知识解读 Unit 24 Society教师用书 北师大版选修8Unit 24Society(对应学生用书第163页)单词拼写应用.考纲单词会拼写、要识记1accumulate vt. 积累2burden n. 重担，负担3vacant adj. 未住人的，空置的4diverse adj. 各种各样的5resign vt.&vi. 辞职6delete vt. 删除7virtue n. 优点，长处8undertake vt. 着手做，从事9sentence n. 判决10cast vt.& vi. 投下11shrink vi. (使)收缩，缩小12abortio

2、n n. 人工流产，堕胎13deposit vt.& vi. 存储，储蓄14surplus n. 盈余，剩余15paddle vt.& vi. 划水，涉水16fragrant adj. 有香味的.派生单词能辨别1preserve v. 保存；保管 preservation n. 维护，保存2edit vt. 编辑 edition n. 版本 editor n. 编辑，校订者3voluntary adj. 自愿的 volunteer v. 自愿做 n. 志愿者4abundant adj. 大量的 abundance n. 大量5sign v. 签名 n. 招牌；迹象 signature n. 签

3、名6adjust v. 调整，调节 adjustment n. 调整，调节7elect vt. 选举，推选 election n. 选举；当选；选择权8mercy n. 仁慈，宽大的 merciful adj. 仁慈的，宽大的9rot vt.&vi. 腐烂；腐朽 n. 腐败 rotten adj. 腐烂的10thirst n. 口渴 thirsty adj. 口渴的11contain v. 包装；容纳 container n. 容器12consequence n. 结果，后果 consequently adv. 所以，因此.语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空)1Details of the el

4、ection(elect) will be posted outside the town hall.2These two signatures(sign) are very similar；can you tell them apart?3She went through a period of emotional adjustment (adjust) after her marriage broke up.4She was a bright and eager student and，consequently (consequent)，did well in school.5They a

5、sked her to be merciful(mercy) to the prisoners for they also have human right.6The wood was so rotten(rot) that you could put your finger through it.7The lake attracts an abundance(abundant) of wildlife to spend winter there.8If you are willing to do voluntary work，you can be a volunteer(volunteer)

6、9Please give me a containerI want to use it to contain some water.(contain)10She used to edit newspapers，and now she is the editor of a dictionary which is now in its sixth edition(edit)拓展联想由“shrink”想到的动词extend 延伸；伸出increase 增加enlarge 扩大；放大expand 扩大；膨胀decrease 减少reduce 减少“再者”过渡词集锦moreover 再者，此外furth

7、ermore 此外，而且besides 况且，再说in addition 此外whats more 更有甚者“virtue”相关词汇小结optimism 乐观modesty 谦虚bravery 勇敢，勇气justice 正义diligence 勤勉generosity 慷慨短语多维应用.短语回顾会默写1come into being 形成，存在2wind sb.up 故意惹恼某人3show off 炫耀，夸耀4knock into sb. 撞上某人；偶然遇到5break into 闯入；突然开始(笑、唱等)6on principle 原则上7sentence sb. to death 判某人死

8、刑8be well/better off 过得好/过得更好9take.seriously 认真对待10above all 最重要的是；首先11do away with 废除；摆脱，消灭12to start with 首先13play an important role in. 在中起重要作用14contribute to 促进，有助于15take.into account 考虑；注意；体谅16keep an eye on 注意，留意.语境应用(用上述短语的适当形式填空)1Others say its only natural that newcomers learn the language

9、of their host nation，seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society.(2017浙江高考)2Do you know when the Great Wall came into being?3He would almost knock into me before he saw me.4The society today offers the young generation more chances to show off their talent and skills.5Were amaz

10、ed at the amazing news that he was sentenced to death6He thinks its time we did away with slavery.7We must keep an eye on the stranger who is looking back and forth all the time.8I never smoke in public places on principle9As the Presidents car arrived，the crowd broke into loud applause.10One must t

11、ake the audience into account when making speeches.11Children should learn above all how to observe good manners at table.12To start with，he walked in the park for a while every morning，and then a month later he began to jog.拓展联想“onn.”短语大全on principle 根据原则on average 平均on purpose 故意地on show/exhibitio

12、n 在展出on sale 出售on business 出差聚焦“eye”短语keep an eye on 注意，留意have a good eye for 对有鉴赏，眼光look sb. in the eye 直视(正视)某人catch ones eye 引起某人注意句式结构仿写教材原句会背诵句式仿写能应用1.would rather后跟从句时，从句要用虚拟语气Id rather you didnt mention that.1.我真希望你那天没有把那个消息告诉他。Id rather you hadnt told him the news that day.2.what if是连词词组，意为“

13、要是怎么办”What if some married people have affairs？2.要是林书豪缺席这场篮球赛会怎么样呢？What if Jeremy Lin is absent from the basketball game？3.“make宾语宾语补足语”结构They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs，which made it easier to keep an eye on peoples movements.3.成本不断上涨，生意很难做成。Rising costs

14、made it hard to carry on business.4.Its high time that sb. should do/did sth.“到某人做某事的时候了”As a society，its high time that we took these issues more seriously.4.到了我们采取措施保护自然资源的时候了。Its high time that we should take/took measures to preserve the natural resources.(对应学生用书第165页)精讲5个考纲单词 abundant adj.大量的；丰

15、富的；充裕的经典例句We have abundant evidence to prove his guilt.(牛津词典)我们有充分的证据证明他有罪。(1)be abundant in 富有；很丰富(2)abundance n. 丰富an abundance of 丰富的，许多的in abundance 大量；富裕Birds are abundant in the tall vegetation.高大的植被中有着大量的鸟类。If you travel in the sea，you will see an abundance of marine creatures.如果你在海上旅行的话，你会看到

16、很多海洋生物。One quality the team possessed in abundance was fighting spirit.该队的一大特点是斗志昂扬。 链接写作 【导学号：33220087】我的家乡有着丰富的自然资源。(普通表达)My hometown is rich in natural resources.(高级表达)My hometown has an abundance of natural resources. burden n负担，重担vt.(使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务、职责等)高考佳句The more fat you take in before bedtime

17、，the greater burden you will put on your body at night.(2016四川高考阅读理解D)睡前你吸收的脂肪越多，晚上你的身体就会有更大的负担。(1)bear/carry/ease/reduce/share a burden 承受/担负/减轻/减少/分担重担a burden on/to sb. 加给某人的重担；某人的负担(2)burden sb./oneself with sth. 加负担于某人或自己be burdened with sth. 负重His invalid father is gradually becoming a burden

18、on/to him.他父亲体弱多病，对他来说渐渐成了累赘。I dont want to burden you with my problems.我不想让我的问题给你增加负担。 resign v辞职；放弃(权力等)；听从；顺从，甘心教材原句His boss insisted that he work longer hours so he resigned.他的老板坚持让他工作更长时间，因此他辞掉了工作。(1)resignation n 辞职；辞呈hand in/offer ones resignation 递交辞呈(2)resign ones job/post/position 辞去工作/职务r

19、esign from. 从辞职resign as. 辞去职务resign oneself to doing. 顺从；使自己安于(做)某事You must resign yourselves to waiting a bit longer.你们得耐心地多等一小会儿。His father will hand in his resignation (resign)他的父亲将要递交辞呈。 elect vt.选举，推选；选择高考佳句Besides，I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my Engl

20、ish teacher.(2015陕西高考书面表达)此外，我如此精通英语以至于被选为英语老师的助理。elect sb.to. 选举某人进入elect sb.(as/to be). 选举某人为elect to do sth. 选择做某事She became the first black woman to be elected to the Senate.她成为第一个被选入参议院的黑人妇女。Employees may elect to take (take) their pensions in monthly payments or as single lump sum.雇员可选择按月或一笔一次

21、性领取的退休金。 undertake vt.着手做，从事，承担；允诺，答应教材原句Conditions improved a great deal and the government undertook the preservation of many of the oldest hutongs.胡同的条件得到了很大的改善，政府对很多早期的胡同进行了修缮和保护。undertaken./pron. 承担undertake to do . 着手做；答应做undertake that . 答应undertake for . 为负责I will undertake to feed(feed)your

22、 dogs while you are away.你不在家时我保证替你喂狗。Well undertake for your security while you are visiting our country.当你访问我们国家时，我们将保证你的安全。 【导学号：33220088】诠释3个核心短语 come into being形成，存在教材原句If laws such as these came into being，a huge adjustment would be required and there would certainly be diverse reactions.如果产生了

23、类似这样的法律，那么生活就要做很多调整，反响肯定是各种各样的。come into existence 开始存在，建立，产生come into effect/force 生效come into use 开始使用come into power 掌权come into sight/view 看见；进入视野come into fashion 开始流行When did the term of “newnew people” come into existence？“新新人类”一词是什么时候出现的呢？The new tax regulations came into effect/force last m

24、onth.新税法是上个月生效的。The newlyelected president will come into power next month.新当选的总统下月开始执政。 show off炫耀，夸耀；卖弄；显示教材原句Nobody has any desire to show off and gold and silver have no valueunlike in our society.没有人有任何欲望去炫耀，而且金和银没有价值这与我们的社会不同。(1)show .out 领出去show .in 带或领进来show up 出席；到场show sb.around/round 领某人参

25、观(2)on show(on display) 在展出talk show 脱口秀He went sailing and did not show up for a long time.他航行去了，而且很长一段时间没有露面。She showed me around/round and introduced me to everybody.她领着我四处参观，将我介绍给每个人。Quite a number of world famous paintings are on show in this exhibition.有相当数量的世界名画在本次展览会上展出。 knock into sb.撞上某人教材

26、原句There is a car accident there at least once a week and today I nearly knocked into somebody crossing the road!那里每周至少有一起车祸发生，我今天就差点撞上一个正在过马路的人！knock down/over 撞倒；打倒；拆除knock at/on 敲(门、窗、墙等)knock out 撞出；敲击knock off 减价；中断，停止Jim was knocked down by a bus，but not seriously hurt.吉姆被公共汽车撞倒了，但伤得不严重。Lets kn

27、ock off work early and go to watch the football game.我们早点收工去看足球赛吧。名师点津knock into表示“撞上”时，相当于run into；表示“遇上”时，相当于come across，meet with或meet by chance。 链接写作 【导学号：33220089】在街上走的时候我遇到了一位老朋友。I knocked into an old friend when I was walking in the street.(knock)I came across an old friend when I was walking

28、 in the street.(come)I met with an old friend when I was walking in the street.(meet)突破2个高考句型 (教材P35)Id rather you didnt mention that.我宁愿你没有提到那个。would rather后跟宾语从句，其谓语用虚拟语气。(1)表示一个现在或将来的愿望，谓语用一般过去时；表示一个过去的愿望，谓语用过去完成时。(2)would rather动词原形，意为“宁可，宁愿”。(3)would rather do.than do.宁愿也不愿(4)rather than宁可也不；而不

29、是；与其倒不如，用于连接两个并列成分。(5)prefer to do.rather than do.宁愿而不愿Id rather you hadnt told him the news that day.我真希望你那天没把那个消息告诉他。I decided to write rather than (to) telephone.我决定写信而不是打电话。I prefer to stay at home rather than go (go) there alone.我宁愿待在家里也不愿一个人去那里。I would rather be (be) in prison！(2016浙江高考完形填空)我宁

30、愿坐牢！ 链接写作 【导学号：33220090】我真的希望我没做那件事情。(普通句式)I do hope that I havent done that.(高级句式)I would rather I hadnt done that. (教材P36)What if some married people have affairs？要是有些已婚人士有婚外情怎么办呢？What if.？此处意为“要是怎么办？”，可看作“What shall we/I do if.？”的省略形式。(1)what if用于提出假设，其后句子可用陈述语气(一般现在时)，也可用虚拟语气(一般过去时或“should动词原形”)。(2)What if.？还可译为“即使又有什么关系？”，此时可看作是“What does it matter if.？”的省略形式。(3