一些物理里面名词的中文对照大部分是材料领域的.docx

1、一些物理里面名词的中文对照大部分是材料领域的Abelian group 阿贝尔群，又称Abel群ablation 烧蚀abnormal dispersion 反常色散Abrikosov vortex lattice 阿布里科索夫涡旋线格子Abrikocov vortex state 阿布里科索夫涡旋态absorber 吸收体absorption spectroscopy 吸收光谱abundance 丰度acceptor doping 受主掺杂 acceptor impurity 受主杂质accumulation layer 累积层achromatic phase matching 消色差相位匹

2、配achromatic wave plate 消色差波片achromatism 消色差性ac Josephson effect 交流约瑟夫森效应，又称交流 Josephson效应acoustic compliance 声顺acoustic ohm 声欧姆acoustic stiffness 声劲度acoustic-optic tensor 声光系数张量acousto-optic effect 声光效应acousto-optic Q-switch 声光Q开关acousto-optic signal processor 声光信号处理器acousto-optical tunable filter 声

3、光可调滤波器actinide element 锕系元素activated tunneling 激活隧穿active device 有源器件active region 激活区addressing electrode 寻址电极adiabatic theorem，绝热定理adiabatic transformation 绝热变换adiabatic transport，绝热输运adiabaton 浸渐子，绝热子advection 平流aerodynamic sound 空气动力声aersol 气溶胶affinity potential 亲和势aggregate 聚集体aggregation 聚集Aha

4、ronov-Bohm (AB) effect AB效应，又称Aharonov-Bohm (AB) 效应Aharonov-Bohm (AB) flux AB磁通，又称Aharonov-Bohm (AB)磁通allowed state 容许态alpha decay ( -decay) 衰变alpha particle ( -particle) 粒子Altshular-Aronov-Spivak (AAS) effect AAS效应，又称 Altshular-Aronov-Spivak效应amplification without inversion 无反转放大amplitude limiting

5、限幅amplitude transformer 变幅杆Andreev reflection 安德列也夫反射，又称Andreev反射Andreev mirror 安德列也夫镜子，又称Andreev镜子Andreev scattering 安德列也夫散射，又称Andreev散射angular resolved photoemission spectroscopy 角分辨光电子谱学anisotropic confinement 各向异性限域anisotropic scatterer, 各向异性散射体anisotropy energy 各向异性能anomalon 反常子anomalous power

6、laws 反常幂次率anomalous proximity effect，反常临近效应anomaly 反常antidot 同 quantum antidot 反量子点antidodal point 腹点antigravity 反引力antihyperon 反超子anti-localization, 反局域化antimeson 反介子anti-exclusive principle 反不相容原理antiferromagnetic interaction 反铁磁相互作用antiferromagnetic semiconductor 反铁磁半导体anti-Stokes scattering 反斯托克

7、斯散射anti-time ordered function, 反时序函数anyon 任意子aphelion 近日点, 远核点areal density 面密度armchair nanotube 扶手椅型纳米管arrayed waveguide gratings 阵列波导光栅artificial atom，人工构造原子artificial barrier 人工势垒artificial elment 人造元素atom laser 原子凝射器atom optics 原子光学atom trapping 原子陷俘，原子捕获atom waveguide 原子波导atomic clock原子钟atomic

8、diffraction 原子衍射atomic fountain 原子喷泉atomic form factor 原子形状因子 atomic time 原子时attenuation 衰减attosecond X-ray pulse 阿秒X射线脉冲Auger process 俄歇过程，又称Auger过程avalanche counter 雪崩计数器avalanche effect 雪崩效应avalanche photodiodes,apd 雪崩光电二极管azimuth 方位角back-action evasion 非干扰测量background radiation 本底辐射，背景辐射backgrou

9、nd temperature 本底温度, 背景温度balanced homodyne detection平衡零拍探测ballistic aggregate 弹道聚集体ballistic aggregation 弹道聚集ballistic electron injection 弹道电子注入 ballistic transport弹道输运ballistics 弹道学band bending 带弯曲band index 带指标band of rotation-vibration 振转谱带band offset 带阶band repulsion 带排斥band theory 能带论bar 巴（压强单位

10、），杆Barkhausen noise 巴克豪森噪声，又称Barkhausen噪声barn 巴恩(截面单位，1024厘米2)barrier 势垒barrier curvature 势垒曲率barrier height 势垒高度barrier state 势垒态barrier tunneling 势垒隧穿base-centered orthorhombic lattice 底心正交格子base line 基线base material 基质base metal 碱金属basis vector 基矢beam 束，梁beam dump 束流捕集器beam focusing 束流聚焦behaviour

11、 行为，性能Bell inequality贝尔不等式，又称Bell不等式bend resistance，弯曲电阻bent crystal 弯晶Berry phase 贝里相位，又称Berry相位 decay 衰变 radioactivity 放射性 ray 射线 spectum 谱 stability line 稳定线bevatron 吉伏质子加速器（高能质子同步稳相加速器）bicritical point 双临界点bicrystal junction 双晶结big bang model 大爆炸模型binary diffractive optical element 二元衍射光学元件bioas

12、trophysics 天体生物物理学biochip 生物芯片bipolar junction transistor 双极结晶体管bit rate 比特率 blackness 黑度blaze line 闪耀角bleaching effect 漂白效应blob 团迹，链滴Bloch electron 布洛赫电子，又称Bloch电子Bloch frequency，布洛赫频率，又称Bloch频率Bloch oscillation， 布洛赫振荡，又称Bloch振荡Bloch theorem 布洛赫定理，又称Bloch定理blockade 阻塞Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk BTK mo

13、del BTK模型body-centered cubic lattice 体心立方格子body-centered orthorhombic lattice 体心正交格子Bogoliubov -de Gennes equations 博戈留波夫得简斯方程，又称Bogoliubov -de Gennes方程Boltzmann distribution 玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmann transport equation，玻尔兹曼输运方程bond-angle order 键角有序bond-orientational order 键取向有序bond polarizability 键极化性bond va

14、lence 键价boojum 布经(超流氦3中的取向织构)bosonization of field operators 场算符的波色化Bragg peak 布拉格峰，又称Bragg峰Bragg plane 布拉格平面，又称Bragg平面Bragg reflection 布拉格反射，又称Bragg 反射Bragg reflectors 布拉格反射器，又称Bragg 反射器Bragg waveguide 布拉格波导，又称Bragg 波导break junction 断裂结breathing mode呼吸模breeder 增殖反应堆breakup reaction 崩裂反应bright state

15、 亮态brittleness 脆性buffer amplifier 缓冲放大器buffer gas 缓冲气体buffer layer, 缓冲层burn-up 燃耗Bttiker formula, 比特克公式，又称Bttiker公式buzzer 蜂鸣器C-15 structure C-15结构 Caesium clock 铯钟calorie 卡【洛里】candle 烛光candescence 白热，又称白炽canonical commutation relation 正则对易关系canonical variable 正则变量cantact angle 接触角canted spin order倾斜

16、自旋有序cantilever 悬臂（原子力显微镜中的）canthotaxie眼角式排列（另文说明）carbon cycle 碳循环(恒星内部的)carbon nanotube 碳纳米管carrier 载流子carrier concentration 载流子浓度carrier diffuse 载流子扩散carrier reservoir 载流子库Cartesian coordinates 笛卡儿坐标Cauchu-Schwarz inequality Cauchu-Schwarz不等式cavity dark state 腔暗态cavity dumping 腔倒空cavity quantum ele

17、ctrodynamics 腔量子电动力学cavity resonator 谐振腔共振器14C dating 碳14测年celestial X-ray source 宇宙X 射线源center of inversion 反演中心center of moment 矩心central collision中心碰撞center-of-mass energy 质心系能量centrifuge 离心机centrifugal separation 离心分离ceramic 陶瓷chain folding 链折叠chain statistics 链统计学chalcogenide 硫属化物 channel waveg

18、uide 沟道波导chaos synchronization 混沌同步chaotic communication 混沌通讯chaotic noise 混沌噪声characteristic impedance 特性阻抗characteristic curve 特征曲线charge-separated plasma 电荷分离等离子体(正负电荷在空间不同区域的等离子体)charge imbalance 电荷不平衡charge ordering 电荷有序charge parity effect，电荷宇称效应charge qubit 电荷量子比特（超导量子比特的一种）charge-phase qubit

19、 电荷-相位量子比特（超导量子比特的一种）charge reservoir 电荷库charge stiffness 电荷劲度（衡量外场作用下电荷被自由加速的难易程度）charge-spin coupling电荷自旋耦合（用于自旋电子学）charge stripe phase 电荷条纹相charge-to-mass ratio 荷质比 charge transfer insulator 电荷转移绝缘体charge transfer salt 电荷转移盐charge velocity 电荷速度（见于电荷自旋分离现象）charging energy，充电能chemical shift 化学位移chi

20、ral liquid crystal 手征液晶 chiral molecule手征分子，又称手性分子chiral symmetry broken 手征对称性破缺chirp啁啾chirped Gaussian pulse 啁啾高斯脉冲chirp filter 啁啾滤波器，又称线性调频滤波器，或色散延迟线chopper 斩波器circumlunar orbit 环月轨道circumsolar orbit 环日轨道circumterrestrial orbit 环地轨道cis-lunar space 月地空间clad 覆盖clamping 箝位classical fluid 经典液体clean li

21、mit 干净极限cleaved coupling cavity 解理耦合腔cloning fidelity克隆保真度closed shell 满壳层，又称闭壳层，英文又称closure shellcluster state簇态CNO cycle 碳氮氧循环coalescence 聚合, 并合code 1，代码；2，密码；3，符号coding 编码codirectional coupling 同向耦合coefficient of correlation 关联系数coefficient of elasticity 弹性系数coexistence line 共存线(相图中的)coexisting p

22、hase 共存相coherence factor 相干因子coherence length，相干长度coherent atomic recoil 相干原子反冲coherent electron tunneling 相干电子隧道coherent peak 相干峰coherent photoassociation 相干光缔合coherent population oscillation相干布居振荡coherent population trapping相干布居囚禁coherent population transfer相干布居迁移coherent structure 拟序结构coherent te

23、rahertz waves相干太赫波coherent transient effects 相干暂态效应coherent trap 相干捕获cold finger 冷头 cold fusion 冷聚变collective coordinate 集体坐标collective mode 集体模collective motion 集体运动collective pinning model 集体钉扎模型collinear phase matching 共线相位匹配 colloid 胶体，胶质colloidal metal 胶体金属colored noise 色噪声colossal magnetoresis

24、tance CMR 庞磁电阻 commensurate lattice 公度格子compact star 致密星compensated impurity 补偿杂质 complementary metal oxide semiconductor CMOS 互补金属氧化物半导体complex 1，复合体；2，络合物complex analytical signal theory 复解析信号理论 complex-conjugate pulses 复共轭脉冲compliance 1，柔度；2，顺度composite Fermion 复合费米子compression of ultrashort puls

25、es 超短脉冲压缩 compressor 压缩器，压机concurrence并发纠缠,又称量子并发 condensate 凝聚体condensation energy 凝聚能 condenser 冷凝器conductance fluctuation, 电导涨落conductance quantization 电导量子化conduction electron 传导电子confinement 1，约束（等离子）；2，限域（凝聚态）；3，禁闭（高能）congregating effect 聚集效应conjugate variable 共轭变量conservation of angular momen

26、tum 角动量守恒conservation of crystal momentum 晶体动量守恒conservative dislocation motion 保守位错运动(位错沿滑移面平行于Burgers矢量运动无净质量流)conservation of energy 能量守恒conservation law of flux 磁通守恒律conservation of momentum 动量守恒conservation of particle number粒子数守恒contact angle 接触角contact potential 接触势contact resistance 接触电阻cont

27、inuation 延拓continuous group 连续群contour line 等值线contour map 等值线图contradirectional coupling反向耦合conventional unit cell 惯用单胞，简称单胞convergence factor 收敛因子conversion electron 内转换电子coolant moderator 载热减速剂cooperative diffusion 合作扩散Cooperon, 库珀子Cooper pair box 库珀对盒子coplanar waveguide 共面波导copolymer 共聚物core ene

28、rgy 芯能core nucleus 核芯核correlated spontaneous emission 关联自发发射correlation exponent 关联指数cosmic aerodynamics 宇宙气体动力学cosmic age 宇宙年龄cosmic constant 宇宙常量cosmic microwave background radiation CMBR 宇宙微波背景辐射 cosmic microwave background 宇宙微波背景cosmic string 宇宙弦cosmochemistry 宇宙化学，天体化学cosmological nucleosynthes

29、is 宇宙核合成cosmos 宇宙co-tunneling 共隧穿Couette flow 库埃特流Coulomb blockade 库仑阻塞Coulomb gap 库仑隙Coulomb interaction 库仑相互作用Coulomb island 库仑岛，又称单电子岛（single electron island）Coulomb potential 库仑势Coulomb repulsion 库仑斥力Coulomb staircase 库仑台阶counter telescope 计数器望远镜coupled-channels model 耦合道模型coupled mode theory 耦合

30、模理论coupled waveguides，耦合波导coupled wells耦合阱coupling energy 耦合能coupling strength 耦合强度covalent bond 共价键creep wave蠕波，又称爬波critical assembly 核反应堆临界装置critical density 临界密度critical dimension 临界维度cross-phase-modulation 交叉相位调制cross field 交叉场cross junction, 十字结crosstalk attenuation 串扰衰减crystal-field splitting 晶体场劈裂crystalline anisotropy晶态各向异性crystal symmetry class 晶体对称类cubic lattice 立方格子cuprate 铜氧化物curie 居里(非国际制放射性活度单位)current bias 电流偏置current operator 电流算符cu