英语3536特殊句式.docx

1、英语3536特殊句式第三十五、六讲 特殊句式一 学习目标1.了解倒装句。2.了解强调句。3.了解主谓一致的常见用法。二 考点解析一、倒装句1.部分倒装 部分倒装指的是只将be动词、助动词和情态动词提到主语前面。 (1)表示否定意义的词或短语置于句首时句子用部分倒装。 常见的这类词或短语有not，never，hardly，seldom，rarely，by no means，in no way，in no case，at no time等。 Seldom in my life have I met so determined a person. At no time should you touc

2、h it or get it hurt.(2)not only.but (also).连接两个分句，not only.置于句首时，前一个分句用部分倒装。Not only do I enjoy less spare time，but I find myself even busier than before.(3)在no sooner.than.，hardly(scarcely).when.结构中，no sooner/hardly(scarcely)置于句首时，主句部分用部分倒装，且用过去完成时，than/when后的句子用一般过去时。Hardly had he begun to speak w

3、hen his father stopped him.No sooner had she seen him than she smiled.(4)在not.until.结构中，当not until.置于句首时，主句/句子用部分倒装。Not until then did he know he lost his way.Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.(5)only强调状语置于句首时，主句/句子用部分倒装。Only in this way

4、 can we learn English well.Only when he returned did we find out the truth.(6)so，neither，nor置于句首表示前面的情况也适用于另一人或物时。We saw the film last week.So did they.I have never been abroad.Neither has he.(7)在so/such.that.句型中，so/such.置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。So moved was she that she could not say a word.Such was the force

5、 of the explosion that all the windows were broken.(8)虚拟条件句中如果有were/had/should，省略连词if时，were/had/should要提到主语之前，构成部分倒装。Were they here now，they could help us.Had you e earlier，you would have met him.(9)neither.nor.连接并列的句子，前后两个分句都要倒装。Neither do I know what has happened，nor do I care about it.2.完全倒装 完全倒装

6、指的是将谓语部分全部放在主语前面。 (1)表示地点、方位的词(短语)，或there，here，now，then等置于句首，且主语是名词时用完全倒装结构。 Down came the rain. Here es the train to Beijing. In the deep forest lies a lake，with a variety of fishes in it. On top of the mountain stands an ancient temple. (2)主系表结构中的表语置于句首时。 Present at the meeting were Professor Zhan

7、g and many other guests. (3)直接引语的一部分位于句首时。“Exactly，”said my father，shaking the old mans hand. 体验考向1.(2016江苏卷，34)Not until recently _ the development of tourists-relatedactivities in the rural areas.A.they had encouraged B.had they encouraged C.did they encourage D.they encouraged答案C考查倒装句的用法。句意：直到最近他

8、们才鼓励农村地区发展与旅游相关的活动。根据句首的Not until recently可知，本句要用倒装形式，先排除A和D，B为过去完成时，显然与语境不符。故选C。2.(2015湖南卷，31)Always _ in mind that your main task is to get this pany running smoothly.A.to keep B.to have kept C.keep D.have kept答案C考查祈使句。句意：一直要记住：你的主要任务是使这家公司运转顺利。祈使句一般以动词原形开头，故用keep。keep in mind记住，是固定搭配。3.(2015天津卷，3

9、)Only when Lily walked into the office _ that she had left the contract at home.A.she realized B.has she realized C.she has realized D.did she realize 答案D考查倒装及时态。句意：直到莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同忘在家里了。“only状语从句”位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。根据时间状语when Lily walked into the office可知要用一般过去时。故答案为D。4.(2015湖南卷，23)Only after t

10、alking to two students _ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.A.I did discover B.did I discover C.I discovered D.discovered I答案B考查部分倒装。句意：直到跟两个学生谈了话以后我才发现，有强烈的动机是达到目标的最重要的因素之一。only修饰after引导的时间状语，且位于句首，故句子需用部分倒装语序。5.(2015湖南卷，21)It was when we were returning ho

11、me _I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.A.which B.that C.where D.how答案B考查强调句型。句意：正是在我们快要回到家的时候，我才意识到帮助有困难的人感觉多么美妙！强调句型的基本结构为It is/was被强调部分that其他部分。如果强调人，that还可以改为who，但是强调时间或者地点时只能使用that。6.(2015重庆卷，9)Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century _ h

12、is musical gift was fully recognized.A.while B.though C.that D.after 答案C考查强调句。句意：巴赫于1750年去世，但是他的音乐才能一直到19世纪早期才完全被认可。本句是一个强调句型，其基本结构是：It is/was被强调部分that其他，本句被强调部分是not until the early 19th century，故选C。7.(2014福建卷，28)The climate here is quite pleasant，the temperature rarely，_，reaching 30 in summer.A.if

13、not B.if ever C.if any D.if so答案B考查状语从句的省略。句意：这儿气候宜人，如果曾经有过(高温)的话，夏天温度也很少达到30摄氏度。if ever意为“如果曾经有过或即使有过的话”，其作用是缓和语气。if not如果不是这样的话；if any如果有一些的话；if so如果是这样的话。8.(2014湖南卷，21)Children，when_by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.A.to be acpanied B.to acpanyC.acpanying D.acpanied答案D考查状语从句的省略形式。

14、句意：有家长陪伴时，孩子们才被允许进入体育场。在状语从句中，当主句主语与从句主语一致，且谓语动词含有be或be的某种形式时，可以省略从句中的主语和be。设空处的完整形式为when they are acpanied by.，省略了they are。二、强调句1.强调句型 强调句型由“Itis/was被强调部分that/who.”构成，可以用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语；被强调部分是指人的名词或代词时用who和that均可，其他情况一律用that。(1)强调句的一般疑问句式 Is/Was it被强调部分that/who.?Was it yesterday that you met your ol

15、d friend in the supermarket?(2)强调句的特殊疑问句式特殊疑问词(被强调部分)is/wasitthat/who.?Why was it that you didnt attend the meeting?What was it that made her so upset?(3)对not.until.进行强调It is/wasnot until.that.It was not until I failed in the exams that I realized I had not studied hard.2.使用助动词do(does，did)强调强调句子谓语动词

16、时，将助动词do(does，did)置于动词原形之前，用来加强语气。Do be careful！一定要细心！He does enjoy drawing.他确实喜欢画画。三、主谓一致的常见用法1.“主语with/along with/together with/as well as/rather than/but/except名词”，谓语动词的形式与主语一致。A gift together with many flowers was sent to me on Teachers Day by my students.The father as well as his children goes

17、skating on the frozen river every Sunday morning in winter.2.由either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but(also).，or，nor连接的并列成分作主语，以及there be句式中，谓语动词的形式与最靠近的主语一致。Either you or I was wrong in this matter.Not only the teacher but also his students have been invited to the meeting.3.被every，each，many a，more tha

18、n one等修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Every boy and (every) girl has adapted to the new teacher.Many a student in this school is from the country.4.class，family，crew，team，group，crowd，government等集体名词作主语时，若侧重整体，谓语动词常用单数；若侧重成员，谓语动词用复数。The football team is made up of 22 members.The football team are taking their trai

19、ning course on the playground.5.从句、不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。When the meeting will be held has not been decided yet.Reading in the sun does harm to our eyes.注意：主语是what引导的从句，谓语动词的形式根据主语从句表示的意义而定。例如：What we want is money./What we want are skilled workers.6.定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，谓语动词的形式与先行词保持一致。Mr Smith，who is no

20、w downstairs，is asking to see you.The Smiths，who are now downstairs，are asking to see you. 体验考向1.(2014湖南卷，29)Only when you can find peace in your heart_good relationships with others. A.will you keep B.you will keep C.you kept D.did you keep 答案A考查倒装。句意：只有当你在内心中找到和平，你才能与他人建立起良好的关系。题干为only状语(从句)位于句首所引

21、起的倒装，主句应用部分倒装结构，且根据语境，此处表将来的情况，故应用将来时态。2.(2014陕西卷，17)No sooner_stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. A.had Mo Yan B.Mo Yan had C.has Mo Yan D.Mo Yan has 答案A考查倒装。句意：莫言一登上舞台，观众就报以雷鸣般的掌声。no sooner.than.一就，no sooner所在的句子用过去完成时，位于句首时要把had提前构成部分倒装。3.(2014大纲版全国卷，26)_the nur

22、ses want a pay increase，they want reduced hours as well. A.Not do only B.Do not only C.Only not do D.Not only do 答案D考查倒装结构。句意：护士们不仅想涨工资，而且还想减少工作时间。根据句意和句子结构可知，逗前面是not only位于句首构成的倒装句。not only位于句首引导句子时，用部分倒装，即把助动词放在主语前面。4.(2014重庆卷，10)I spent two weeks in London last summer.Then you must have visited t

23、he British Museum during your stay，_you? A.mustnt B.havent C.didnt D.hadnt 答案C考查反意疑问句。句意：去年夏天我在伦敦度过了两周。那你待在伦敦期间一定参观了大英博物馆，是吗？对已发生的过去情况进行推测，若陈述句谓语部分有must have done，而且有表示过去的时间状语，问句部分用didnt。5.(2014湖南卷，32)All we need_a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the gr

24、owing seasons of the year.A.are B.was C.is D.were答案C考查主谓一致。句意：所有我们需要的就是我们在一年中生长的季节能种植各种各样的果树的一小块土地。句子的主干为All we need_a small piece of land，其中we need是定语从句，all在此指的是a small piece of land，且根据语境知为现在时态，故谓语动词应用is。6.(2014四川卷，3)Was it because Jack came late for school_Mr.Smith got angry? A.why B.who C.where

25、D.that 答案D考查强调句型。句意：史密斯先生很生气是因为杰克上学迟到吗？强调句型its.that.，这里是强调句型的疑问句形式，验证的方式是去掉Was it.that.后,because Jack came late for school Mr.Smith got angry，句子意义完整。7.(2014北京卷，24)_carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab. A.Observe B.To observe C.Observed D.Observing 答案A考查祈使句。句意：在实验室做实验时要仔细观

26、察是否有变化发生。由句意可知这是一个祈使句，因此选择动词原形。 正误探究1. 【误】 If you have a job，dont devote yourself to it and finally youll succeed. 【正】 If you have a job，do devote yourself to it and finally youll succeed. 解析本句为“祈使句and陈述句”句型；do是对谓语动词devote的强调。2. 【误】 Not only can he repair bikes but can he repair televisions. 【正】 Not

27、 only can he repair bikes but he can repair televisions. 解析not only.but (also).的部分倒装，其结构为：not only 倒装语序，but also 陈述语序。此外，当 not only.but also.位于句首连接两个并列的主语时，主谓也不倒装。如：Not only she but also I will get married next year.3.【误】Apples of this kind tastes good and sell well.【正】Apples of this kind taste good

28、 and sell well.解析由a kind of，kinds of，an amount of，amounts of，a quantity of，quantities of跟名词或“名词 of this kind”等作主语时，谓语动词与of之前的名词保持一致。4.【误】 A child as / though he is，he is very brave.【正】 Child as / though he is，he is very brave. 解析 由 as /though 引导的表示“虽然，尽管”的让步状语从句用倒装语序，把从句的表语或状语等放在 as / though 的前面，但是如

29、果从句中的表语是名词，该名词前不加任何冠词。 5.【误】Are you and Jane getting married? We hope. 【正】Are you and Jane getting married? We hope to. 解析动词不定式在 like，love，care，want，hope，expect，prefer，refuse，decide，mean，intend，try，promise 等动词后作宾语时，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式后的内容，但是要保留不定式符 to。三 练习题1. Weve cross-checked the data collected from th

30、e Internet.Good. Anyway, _.A. you cant be careful enough B. you are careful enoughC. you cant be so careless D. you are never careless enough2. Some people believe that English is one of the most important subjects for us students.It _. But things seem to be changing in recent years.A. used to B. used to be C. used to do D. was used to be3. They should have informed you of the result of the petition