分子生物学习题题库.docx

1、分子生物学习题题库第一部分 名词解释1Abundance (mRNA 丰度)2Abundant mRNA (高丰度mRNA)3Acceptor splicing site (受体剪切位点)4Acentric fragment (无着丝粒片段)5Active site (活性位点)6Allele (等位基因)在7Allelic exclusion (等位基因排斥)8Allosteric control (别构调控)9Alu-equivalent family (Alu 相当序列基因)10Alu family (Alu家族)11-Amanitin(鹅膏覃碱)12Amber codon (琥珀密码子

2、)13Amber mutation (琥珀突变)14Amber suppressors (琥珀抑制子)15Aminoacyl-tRNA (氨酰-tRNA)16Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (氨酰-tRNA 合成酶)17Amphipathic structure (两亲结构)18Anchorage dependence (贴壁依赖)19Aneuploid (非整倍体)20Annealing (退火)21Anterograde (顺式转运)22Antibody (抗体)23Anticoding strand (反编码链)24Antigen (抗原)25Antiparalle

3、l (反式平行)26Antitermination protein (抗终止蛋白质)27AP endonucleases (AP 核酸内切酶)28Apoptosis (细胞凋亡)29Archeae (古细菌)30Att sites (Att位点) 31Attenuation (衰减) 32Attenuator (衰减子) 33Autogenous control (自体调控) 34Autonomous controlling element (自主控制元件) 35Autoradiography (放射性子显影) 36Autosomes (常染色体) 37B lymphocytes or B c

4、ell (B淋巴细胞或B 细胞) 38Backcross (回交) 39Back mutation (回复突变) 40Bacteriophage (细菌噬菌体) 41Normal chromosomes (常染色体) 42Base pair (碱基对) 43Bidirectinal replication (双向复制) 44Bivalent (二价染色体) 45Blastoderm (囊胚层) 46Blocked reading frame (闭锁读框) 47Blunt-end ligation (平端连接) 48Branch migration (分支迁移) 49Breakage and r

5、eunion (断裂与重连) 50Buoyant density (漂浮密度) 51C gene (C 基因)52C value (C值) 53CAAT box (CAAT 盒) 54Cap (帽)55Capsid (衣壳) 56Caspases 57cDNA 58cDNA clone (cDNA 克隆) 59Cell cycle (细胞周期) 60Cell hybrid (细胞杂交) 61Centrioles (中心粒) 62Centromere (着丝粒) 63Centrosomes (中心体) 64Chaperone (分子伴侣) 65Chemical complexity (化学复杂度

6、)66Chi sequemce (Chi序列) 67Chi structure (Chi结构) 68Chiasma (交叉) 69Chromatids (染色单体) 70Chromatin (染色质) 71Chromatin remodeling (染色体重建) 72Chromocenter (染色中心)73Chromomeres (染色粒) 74Chromosome (染色体) 75Chromosome walking (染色体步移) 76cis-acting locus (顺式作用位点) 77cis-acting protein (顺式作用蛋白质) 78cis configuration

7、(顺势构型) 79cis/trans assays(顺/反测验) 80Ciston (顺反子) 81Class switching (类别转换) 82Clone (克隆) 83Cloning vector (克隆载体) 84Closed reading frame (关闭读框) 85Coconversion (共转变) 86Coding strand (编码链) 87Codominant alleles (共显性等位基因) 88Codon (密码子) 89Coevolution (共进化) 90Cognate tRNAs (同功tRNA) 91Coincidental evolution (重

8、合进化) 92Cointegrate structure (共合结构) 93Cold-sensitive (冷敏) 94Colon hybridization (菌落杂交)95Compatibility group (相容组) 96Complementation (互补) 97Complementation assay (互补测验) 98Complementation group (互补群) 99Complex locus(复合基因座) 100Complexity (复杂度) 101Composite transposons (复合转座子) 102Concatemer (多联体DNA) 103

9、(Con)catenated circle (多联环) 104Concerted evolution (协同进化) 105Condensation reaction (缩合反应) 106Conditional lethal mutations (条件致死突变) 107Conjugation (接合) 108Consensus sequemce (共有序列) 109Conservative recombination (保守重组) 110Conservative transposition (保守转座) 111Constant regions (恒定区) 112Constitutive gene

10、s (结构基因) 113Constitutive heterochromatin (组成型异染色质) 114Constitutive mutations (组成型突变) 115Contractile ring (收缩环) 116Controlling elements (控制元件) 117Coordinate regulation (协同调控) 118Cordycepin (蛹虫草菌素) 119Core DNA (核心DNA) 120Core particle (核心颗粒) 121Corepressor (共阻碍物) 122Cosmid (粘粒) 123Cot (浓度时间常数) 124Cot1

11、/2 (半变Cot值) 125Cotransfection (共转染) 126Crossing-over (交换) 127Crossover fixtion (交换固定) 128Cruciform (十字架) 129Cryptic satellite (隐蔽卫星) 130ctDNA 131cAMP 132Cyclins (细胞周期蛋白质) 133Cytokinesis (胞质分裂) 134Cytological hybridization (细胞学杂交) 135Cytoplasm (细胞质) 136Cytoplasmic inheritance (胞质遗传) 137Cytoplasmic pr

12、otein synthesis (胞质蛋白质合成) 138Cytoskeleton (细胞骨架) 139Cytosol (胞质溶胶) 140D loop (D环)141Degeneracy (简并性) 142Deletion (缺失) 143Denaturation of DNA or RNA (DNA或RNA变性) 144Denaturation of protein (蛋白质变性) 145Depressed state (抑制状态) 146Dicentric chromosome (双着丝粒染色体) 147Diploid (二倍体) 148Direct repeat (同向重复) 149D

13、iscontinuous replication (不连续复制) 150Disjuction (间断分布) 151Divergence (差异百分率) 152Divergent transcription (异向转录) 153dna mutant (dna 突变) 154DNAase (DNA 酶) 155DNAase I hypersensitive (DNA酶I超敏位点) 156DNA-driven hybridization (DNA驱动杂交) 157DNA poymerase (DNA聚合酶) 158DNA replicase (DNA 复制酶) 159Domain of a chro

14、masome (染色体结构域) 160Domain of a protein (蛋白质结构域) 161Dominant allele (显性等位基因) 162Donor splicing site (供体剪接位点) 163Dosage compensation (剂量补偿效应) 164Down promoter mutation (启动子下降突变)165Dowmstream (下游) 166Early development (早期发育) 167Ectopic expression (异位表达) 168Elongation factors (延伸因子) 169End labeling (末端标

15、记) 170End-product inhibition (终产物抑制) 171Endocytic vesicle(内吞膜泡) 172Endocytosis (内吞作用) 173Endonucleases (内切核酸酶) 174Endoplasmic reticulum (内质网) 175Enhancer (增强子) 176Enelopes (包膜) 177Episome change (后天改变) 178Episome (附加体)179Epistasis (上位性) 180Essential gene (必须基因) 181Established cell lines (确立细胞株) 182E

16、ubacteria (真细菌) 183Euchromatin (常染色体) 184Evolutionary clock (进化钟) 185Excision (切除) 186Excision-repair (切除修复) 187Exocytosis (外排) 188Exon (外显子) 189Exonucleases (核酸外切酶) 190Expression vector (表达载体) 191Extranuclear genes (核外基因) 192Ffactor (F 因子) 193F1 generation (F1代) 194Facultative heterochromatin (兼并性异

17、染色质) 195Fast component (快速变性区) 196Filter hybridization (滤膜杂交) 197Fingerprint of DNA (DNA 指纹图谱) 198Fingerprint of protein (蛋白质指纹图谱) 199Forward mutations (正向突变) 200Frameshift mutations (移码突变) 201G banding (G 分带) 202Gamete (配子) 203Gap in DNA (DNA 裂隙) 204Gene /ciston (基因/顺反子) 205Gene cluster (基因簇) 206Ge

18、ne conversion (基因转换) 207Gene dosage (基因剂量) 208Gene family (基因家族) 209Genetic code (遗传密码) 210Genetic marker (遗传标记) 211Genomic DNA clone (基因组DNA克隆) 212Genotype (基因型) 213Golgi apparatus (高尔基体) 214G protein (G蛋白质) 215Gratuitous (安慰诱导物) 216GT-AC rule (GT-AG 规则) 217Gyrase (螺旋酶) 218Hairpin (发夹) 219Haploid (

19、单倍体) 220Helper virus (辅助病毒) 221Hemizygote (半合体) 222Heterochromatin (异染色质) 223Heteroduplex (hybrid) DNA (异源双链DNA) 224Heterogeneous nuclear (hn) RNA (不均一核RNA) 225Heteromultimeric proteins (异源多聚体蛋白质) 226Heterozygote (杂合体) 227Highly repetitive DNA (高度重复DNA) 228Histones (组蛋白) 229Homeobox (同源框) 230Homeoti

20、c genes (同源异形基因) 231Homologs (同源染色体) 232Homomultimeric protein (同源多聚体蛋白质) 233Homozygote (纯合体) 234Hotspot (热点) 235Housekeeping (constitutive) genes (持家或组成型基因) 236Hybrid dysgenesis (杂种败育) 237Hybridization (杂交) 238Hybridoma (杂交瘤) 239Hyperchromicity (增色效应) 240Hypervariable region (高度可变区) 241Ideogram (理数

21、图)242Idling reaction (空转) 243Immortalization (永生或无限增值化) 244Immunity in phages (噬菌体免疫) 245Immunity in plasmids (质粒免疫) 246Immunity in transposons (转座子免疫)247Imprinting (印记) 248In situ hybridization (原位杂交) 249In vitro complementation assay (体外互补分析) 250Incompatibility (不相容性) 251Indirect end-labeling (间接末

22、端标记) 252Induced mutation (诱发突变) 253Inducer (诱导物) 254Induction (诱导) 255Induction of prophage (原噬菌体诱导) 256Initiation factors (起始因子，原核中IF，真核中eIF) 257Insertion sequence (插入序列，IS) 258Insertions (插入) 259Integration (整合) 260Interallelic complementation (等位基因间互补) 261Interphase (间期) 262Intervening sequence (

23、间插序列) 263Intron (内含子) 264Inversion (倒位) 265Inverted repeats (反向重复) 266Inverted terminal repeats (末端反向重复) 267Isoaccepting tRNAs (同工tRNA) 268Isotype (同型) 269Karyotye (核型) 270Kilobase, kb (千碱基)271Kinase (激酶) 272Kinetic complexity (动力学复杂度) 273Lagging strand of DNA (DNA后随链) 274Lampbrush chromosomes (灯刷染色

24、体) 275Lariat (套索) 276Late period of phage development (噬菌体发育晚期) 277Late-replication materials (延迟复制物) 278Leader (前导区) 279Leader sequence of a protein (蛋白质前导序列)280Leading strand (前导链) 281Leaky mutations (渗漏突变) 282Left splicing junction (左剪接点) 283Lethal locus (致死座位) 284Library (文库) 285Ligation (连接反应)

25、286LINES: 287Linkage (连锁) 288Linkage disequilibrium (连锁不平衡) 289Linkage group (连锁群) 290Linker DNA (连接DNA) 291Locus (基因座) 292LTR 293Luxury genes (奢侈基因) 294Lysogen (溶原) 295Lysogenic immunity(溶原免疫) 296Lysogenic repressor (溶原阻遏蛋白) 297Lysogeny (溶原性) 298Lysosomes (溶酶体) 299Map distance (图距) 300Marker (DNA 标

26、记) 301Meiosis (减数分裂) 302Melting of DNA (DNA 溶解)303Melting temperature (解链温度Tm ) 304Metastasis (转移) 305Micrococcal nuclease (微球菌核酸酶) 306Microsomes (微粒体) 307Microtubules (微管) 308Microtubule associated proteins (微管相关蛋白，MAPs) 309Mitosis (有丝分裂)310Modification of DNA or RNA (DNA或RNA修饰) 311Modified bases (

27、修饰碱基) 312Molecular chaperone (分子伴侣) 313Monocistronic mRNA (单顺反子mRNA) 314Monolayer (单细胞层) 315Morphogen (形态发生因子) 316MPF(促成熟因子)317MtDNA 318Multimeric protein (多亚基蛋白质) 319Mutagens (诱变剂) 320Mutation (突变) 321Mutation frequency (突变频率) 322Mutation rate (突变率) 323Negative regulators (负调控物) 324Negative superco

28、iling (负超螺旋) 325Neutral substitution (中性置换) 326Nick (切口) 327Nick translation (切口平移) 328Noautonomous controlling elements (非自主成分) 329Nondisjunction (不分离) 330Nonpermissive conditions (非许可条件) 331Nonrepetitive DNA (非重复DNA) 332Nonreplicative transposition (非复制型转座) 333Nonsense codon (无义密码子) 334Nonsense mutation (无义突变) 335Nonsense suppresser (无义抑制) 336Nontranscribed spacer (非转录间区) 337Northern blotting (Northern杂交) 338Nuclear envelope (核膜) 339Nuclear lamina (核纤层) 340Nuclear matrix (核基质) 341Nuclear pores (核孔) 342Nucleoid (类核) 343