一轮复习最新 版高考英语 阅读理解专题练习及答案.docx

1、一轮复习最新 版高考英语 阅读理解专题练习及答案一轮复习最新 版高考英语 阅读理解专题练习(及答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 Imagine someone who has spent the majority of their life sitting with a sign on the side of the road and that very person giving someone their last 20 dollars. Thats exactly what Marine Corps veteran (退伍军人) Johnny Bobbitt, 34, did in

2、October in Philadelphia. Bobbitt served in the U.S. Marine Corps and worked as a paramedic (医务辅助人员) in Vance County, N. C. before he became homeless. Nobody knew how he got to where he was because he was discreet about that. One night in October, Bobbitt was sitting roadside with a sign in Philadelp

3、hia as usual, when Kate McClure of Florence Township, N. J. was driving home down Interstate 95 and ran out of gas. Scared and nervous, she got out of the car to head to the nearest gas station. As McClure was heading to the nearest gas station, she ran into Bobbitt and he told her to get back in th

4、e vehicle and lock the door. Minutes later, he appeared with a red gas can. Hed used his last $20 to buy her gas. After that unexpected meeting, McClure and her boyfriend, Mark DAmico, who both live in New Jersey, visited Bobbitt several times to deliver gift cards, cash, snacks and toiletries. They

5、 then decided to create a fund raising page so he wouldnt have to spend the holidays sleeping on the street. McClure started the GoFundMe page on November 10. With the page, the couple hoped to raise $10,000, enough money for his rent, a reliable vehicle and up to six months expenses. Bobbitts story

6、 ran in a local paper. By November 15，more than 10,000 local people had made donations through the GoFundMe page and more than $300,000 had been raised. On Thanksgiving, Bobbitt was resting in a hotel, his feet up on the bed, drawing up a grand plan for his new life, thanks to several thousand dolla

7、rs raised to repay him for a good deed.（1）What does the underlined word discreet in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A.Doubtful.B.Cautious.C.Guilty.D.Optimistic.（2）McClure met Bobbitt when she . A.couldnt find a gas stationB.got to the way homeC.couldnt unlock her carD.was in search of gas（3）It can b

8、e known from the text that . A.Bobbitts story obtained wide attentionB.Bobbitt became world-famous overnightC.the GoFundMe page collected over $400,000 for BobbittD.the GoFundMe page was started to help people like Bobbitt（4）What is the best title for the text? A.A Homeless Veteran Paid Kindness For

9、wardB.A Homeless Veteran Had a Generous HeartC.A Homeless Veterans Kindness Paid OffD.A Small Kindness Made a Big Difference【答案】 （1）B（2）D（3）A（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，个无家可归的退伍军人将身上仅有的二十美元买了汽油送给在回家途中汽车没油的年轻女子，事后这名女子和她的男朋友专门建了一个网页为他募捐，使他不用再睡在大街上。他们原本期望帮助他募集一万美元，意想不到的是，五天内募集到的捐款就超过了三十万美元。 （1）考查词义猜测。第二段中的“N

10、obody knew how he got to where he was because he was discreet about that.”没有人知道他是怎样走到这一步（即无家可归）的，因为他对此非常小心谨慎。故选B。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Kate McClure of Florence Township, N. J. was driving home down Interstate 95 and ran out of gas. As McClure was heading to the nearest gas station, she ran into Bobbitt

11、.”可知，McClure是在去加油站寻找油时遇见Bobbitt 的。故选D。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Bobbitts story ran in a local paper.”可知，McClure是在十一月十号建立募捐网页的，他们原本期望帮助Bobbitt募集一万美元，他的故事还上了当地的报纸，截至十一月十五号，一万多名当地人通过该网页进行了捐款，募集到的捐款超过了三十万美元。可知，Bobbitt的故事引起了广泛的关注。故选A。 （4）考查主旨大意。本文主要讲述一个无家可归的退伍军人将身上仅有的二十美元买了汽油送给在回家途中汽车没油的年轻女子，事后这名女子和她的男朋友专门建了一个网

12、页为他募捐并且募捐到了三十多万美元，即这个无家可归的退伍军人的善心得到了回报。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2（2019浙江）阅读理解 California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major fac

13、tor（因素）. The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In t

14、he Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent. Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Ho

15、using development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）. But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his

16、 colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development. The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that c

17、alculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt（融雪）. Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been risi

18、ng temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about? A.The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.B.The increasing variety of California big tr

19、ees.C.The distribution of big trees in California forests.D.The influence of farming on big trees in California.（2）Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees? A.Ecological studies of forests.B.Banning woodcutting.C.Limiting housing development.D.Fire control measures.（3）

20、What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre? A.Inadequate snowmelt.B.A longer dry season.C.A warmer climate.D.Dampness of the air.（4）What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Californias Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?B.Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in Ca

21、lifornia Soon.C.Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?D.Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California【答案】 （1）A（2）D（3）C（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文属于议论文，围绕加利福尼亚的大树从20世纪30年代以来大量减少为主题，探讨出现这一现象的原因。 （1）段落大意题。第二段第一句 The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on mor

22、e than 46, 000 square miles of California forests 为主题句，意思是：在4.6万平方英里的加利福尼亚的森林中，直径超过2英尺的树木的数量已经减少了50%。所以本段主要介绍加州的树木损失的严重情况，故答案为A。（2）细节理解题。题干中的 well-intentioned 意为“好意的”。根据第三段描述：伐木者对大树的砍伐、住房向森林里推进、对野火的控制使得小树与大树竞争资源都是导致大树减少的原因。控制野火的初衷是保护森林，但是却导致大树得不到足够的资源而死亡。故答案为D。（3）细节理解题 。将 water shortage 定位在第五段，而 Mcl

23、ntyre 在最后一段，根据 the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air 可知，导致水源紧张的是上升的温度，造成树木将更多的水分散失到空气中。故答案为C。（4）主旨大意题。文章的第一句是本文的主题句，文章围绕加利福尼亚大量的大树死亡展开，对大树数量减少的原因进行研究。故答案为A。【点评】本文属于生态环保类文章，文章的首段第一句即为本文的主题句。阅读是紧扣主旨，快速浏览文

24、章内容。答题时注意根据问题中的关键词在文章中定位，然后分析关键词所在句子的信息。3阅读理解 People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and 2014. The resu

25、lts show that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5cm. Latvian women, meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.

26、8cm. James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due to improvements in nutrition and healthcare. An individuals genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key ro

27、le, he added. A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy, he said. This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular(心血管的)disease among taller people. But while height has increased ar

28、ound the world, the trend in many African countries causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds. One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situa

29、tion in the 1980s,said Alexander Moradi of the University of Sussex. The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential(潜力)in terms of height. Bentham believes the global trend of incr

30、easing height has important implications How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in, he said. If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come.（1）What does the global study tell us about peoples h

31、eight in the last century? A.The increase in peoples height has been quickening.B.The increase in womens height is bigger than in mens.C.There is a remarkable difference across continents.D.There has been a noticeable increase in most countries.（2）What does Elio Riboli say about taller people? A.They enjoy an easier life.B.They tend to live longer.C.They ris