同位语从句与定语从句的区别课件.pptx

1、,The Distinctions between Appositive Clause and Attributive Clause同位语从句和定语从句的区别,定语从句,在复合句中作定语，修饰句子中某一名词 或代词的从句。定语从句的位置：放在名词或代词的后面E.g.This is the thief(that/who/whom)we have been looking for these days.这个就是我们近日一直在找的小偷。,同位语从句,在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句相当于名词对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步 解释E.g.They were delighted at the n

2、ews that their team had won.当听到他们的球队赢了的消息时，他们欣 喜若狂。,Three Aspects,1.从词类上区别（1）同位语从句前面的名词只能是 idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,pro posal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的抽 象名词。（2）而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代 词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。,(1)The possibility that the majority of the labour force will

3、work at home is often discussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作 的可能性。(2)We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的 问题。(3)Word came that he had been abroad.据说他已经出国了。,2.从性质上区别定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步 的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴。,The news that our team ha

4、s won the game was true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么 消息。)The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语。)I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句 补充说明promise到底是一个什,3.从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别,(1)有些引导词如how,wh

5、ether,what可以引导 同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。例如：That question whether we need it has not been considered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。I have no idea what has happened to him.我 不知道他发生了什么事。,(2)引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般 作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替)，并且作宾语时常常省略。that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当 任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which来 代替。例如：,The order that we should se

6、nd a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收 到了。(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成 分,但不能省略。)The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助 别的几个小组。(定语从句 是名词order的修饰语 that在从句中作,方法,一个最简单的方法区分定语从

7、句和同位语，就是只看that后面的从句，如果从句成分完整，就是同位语从句，that后面的从句不完整的 话就是定语从句,The news that he told me yesterday was true.他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。（he told me明显是少了一个宾语的，因为”tell sbsth“，所以它是一个定语从句）The news that he died was true.他去世的那个消息是真的。（“he died“是完整的，die是不及物动词，所 以它是一个同位语从句）,Exercise,You can have no idea what he said.(同位语从句)They

8、 usually write exact instructions how the music is to be played.(同位语从句)The suggestion that she has put forward is very good.(定语从句)The suggestion that we clean the classroom by turns is very good.(同位语从句),The fact that we talked about is important.(定语从句)The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.(同位语从句)Gone forever are the days when Chinese people were bullied.(定语从句),Thank you！,