江苏专版版高考英语大二轮复习专题4任务型阅读第三节概括词汇类学案牛津译林版.docx

1、江苏专版版高考英语大二轮复习专题4任务型阅读第三节概括词汇类学案牛津译林版第三节概括词汇类(2017江苏)PopulationChangeWhyistheworldspopulationgrowing？Theanswerisnotwhatyoumightthink.Thereasonfortheexplosionisnotthatpeoplehavebeenreproducinglikerabbits，butthatpeoplehavestoppeddroppingdeadlikeflies.In1900，peoplediedattheaverageageof30.By2000theavera

2、geagewas65.Butwhileincreasinghealthwasatypicalfeatureofthe20thcentury，decliningbirthratecouldbeadefiningoneofthe21st.Statisticsshowthattheaveragenumberofbirthsperwomanhasfallenfrom4.9intheearly1960sto2.5nowadays.Furthermore，around50%oftheworldspopulationliveinregionswherethefigureisnowbelowthereplac

3、ementlevel (i.e.2.1birthsperwoman) andalmostalldevelopednationsareexperiencingsub-replacementbirthrate.Youmightthinkthatdevelopingnationswouldmakeuptheloss(especiallysince80%oftheworldspeoplenowliveinsuchnations)，butyoudbewrong.Decliningbirthrateisamajorprobleminmanydevelopingregionstoo，whichmightca

4、usecatastrophicglobalshortagesofworkforcewithinafewdecades.AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina，forinstance.Whatdoesitimply？First，Chinaneedstoundergorapideconomicdevelopmentbeforeapopulationdeclinehitsthecountry.Second，ifotherfactorssuchastechnologyremainconstant，economicgrowthandmate

5、rialexpectationswillfallwellbelowrecentstandardsandthiscouldinvitetrouble.Russiaisanothercountrywithpopulationproblemsthatcouldbreakitseconomicpromise.Since1992thenumberofpeopledyinghasbeenbiggerthanthatofthosebeingbornbyamassive50%.Indeedofficialfiguressuggestthecountryhasshrunkby5%since1993andpeop

6、leinRussialiveashorterlifenowthanthosein1961.Whyisthisoccurring？Nobodyisquitesure，butpoordietandabovealllong-timealcoholismhavemuchtodowithit.Ifcurrenttrendsdontbend，RussiaspopulationwillbeaboutthesizeofYemensbytheyear2050.InthenorthofIndia，thepopulationisboomingduetohighbirthrates，butinthesouth，whe

7、remosteconomicdevelopmentistakingplace，birthrateisfallingrapidly.Inafurthertwist，birthrateishighestinpoorlyeducatedruralareasandlowestinhighlyeducatedurbanareas.Intotal，25%ofIndiasworking-agepopulationhasnoeducation.In2030，asixthofthecountryspotentialworkforcecouldbetotallyuneducated.Onesolutionisob

8、viouslytoimportforeignworkersviaimmigration.AsfortheUSA，itisalmostuniqueamongdevelopednationsinhavingapopulationthatisexpectedtogrowby20%from20102030.Moreover，theUSAhasatrackrecordofsuccessfullyacceptingimmigrants.Asaresultitslikelytoseeariseinthesizeofitsworking-agepopulationandtowitnessstrongecono

9、micgrowthoverthelongerterm.考场思维模式第一步：读表格，知文章大意通过略读树状图可知，本文话题是“人口下降”，并且分析了几个国家存在的人口问题。第二步：定位、定词、定性、定形任务型阅读树状图高度概括了原文信息，为了节约时间并且提高解题的针对性，先读图中的内容，然后在原文中进行定位，定位后进行定词，定词后定性(如名词、动词、形容词、副词等)，最后定形(如单复数、非谓语形式、大小写等)。1.原文词汇类74.答案economic解析文章第三、四、五段分别分析了中国、俄罗斯、印度存在的人口问题以及对本国经济发展的影响，结合第三、五段中出现的economicdevelopmen

10、t以及第四段中出现的economicpromise可判断填economic。79.答案immigration解析最后一段介绍了美国解决人口问题的办法，即通过移民入境增加外国劳动力。根据“Onesolutionisobviouslytoimportforeignworkersviaimmigration.”可判断填immigration。2.转换词汇类73.答案immediate解析根据第二段中的“.whichmightcausecatastrophicglobalshortagesofworkforcewithinafewdecades.”可知，发展中国家出生率的下降可能会导致几十年后灾难性的

11、劳动力短缺，由withinafewdecades可知出生率下降带来的影响可能不会立即显现出来，故填immediate。75.答案old/older解析根据第三段的第一句“AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina，forinstance.”可知，中国很有可能出现年轻劳动力减少的问题，也就是说中国的劳动力群体正在变老，此处既可以用old的原级，也可以用其比较级。76.答案earlier解析根据第四段中的“.peopleinRussialiveashorterlifenowthanthosein1961.”可知，当前俄罗斯人的寿命比196

12、1年时要短，liveashorterlife可以同义替换为earlierdeath(早逝)。3.概括词汇类71.答案lower解析根据第一段的最后一句“.decliningbirthratecouldbeadefiningoneofthe21st.”可知，出生率的下降是21世纪的特征，也就是说，21世纪的出生率可能会比20世纪的更低，故填lower。72.答案size/scale解析根据第二段中的“.almostalldevelopednationsareexperiencingsub-replacementbirthrate.”可知，大部分发达国家正经历着人口负增长，也就是说发达国家难以保持

13、人口的规模，“人口的规模”用thesize/scaleofpopulation表达。77.答案living/life解析根据第四段中的“.butpoordietandabovealllong-timealcoholismhavemuchtodowithit.”可知，糟糕的饮食习惯尤其是长期酗酒与俄罗斯人寿命变短有很大的关系，所以需要改变人们的生活方式，“生活方式”可以用wayofliving/life表达。78.答案equality解析根据第五段中的“Inafurthertwist，birthrateishighestinpoorlyeducatedruralareasandlowestinh

14、ighlyeducatedurbanareas.”可知，在教育水平落后的农村地区出生率最高，而在教育水平发达的城市地区出生率最低。由此可以推断，暂时不考虑出生率问题，如果印度能够实现教育机会均等的话，它的经济可能会腾飞，故填equality。80.答案compensate解析根据最后一段可知，移民入境将会弥补美国年轻劳动力不足的问题，“弥补”可用compensatefor表示。第三步：复查并且将答案填在答题卡上复查完确认不需要修改之后，将试卷上所写答案填在答题卡指定区域，注意要认真书写，不能潦草。典型的任务型阅读题目通常设置分为两栏，左边是文章提纲(passageoutline)，右边是支持性

15、细节或者论据(supportingdetails)。概括词汇类要求能够最大限度地覆盖右栏信息，同时具有简洁性。这就要求考生对全文或段落进行总体把握，通过观察表格的设置特点，从而归纳和概括出所考查的单词。概括词汇类要求考生能够准确无误地概括出文章的主题，能够在概括的基础上进行推断、归纳、抽象并提炼出文章主旨或者重要信息，也就是要拥有在语篇结构解读基础上的信息转换能力。考查考生对信息的综合加工和处理能力，其信息既体现在短文阅读中，也体现在表格信息的比较与理解中。此类题目主要分为两种类型：(1)总结性词汇。设题大多数情况下是概括文章的标题、段落大意、事件过程、文章的目的、意义以及得出的结论等。解题关

16、键(2)归纳词。有的题目在原文中可能找不到具体的信息句。这就要求我们首先要确定信息区域，然后对该区域认真进行分析归纳。解题关键具体的解题步骤如下：(1)一审表格结构。注意文章内容脉络、标题和所需的表达类型。(2)二审短文意义。注意文章的段落和表格的匹配性。(3)三审语法运用。注意涉及的构词法和语法项目。A(2019江苏高三第二次百校联考)WhyWeStruggletoSay“ILoveYou”FormanyAsian-Americans，thephrasebelongstothewonderfulworldofwhitepeopleweseeinthemoviesandontelevision

17、.SomanyofourAsianparentshavestruggled，andsufferedinwaysthatarecompletelybeyondtheimaginationsoftheirchildrenbornorraisedinNorthAmericancomfort.ThisstruggleandsacrificewashowAsianparentssay“Iloveyou”withouthavingtosayit.Andsomanyofuschildrenarenotexpectedtosayiteither，butinsteadareexpectedtoexpresslo

18、vethroughgratitude，whichmeansobeyingourparentsandfollowingtheirwishesforhowweshouldliveourlives.Ourparents，forthemostpart，toldustogetagoodeducation，getagoodjobandnotspeakup，thingstheyhadtodotosurvive.Theyhaveencouraged，orforced，manyofustobecomedoctors，lawyersandengineers，andtofeelashamedifwedonot.Wh

19、attheseparentsdidnotdowastelluswecouldbecomeartists，actorsorstorytellers，peopleengagedinseeminglytrivial，unsafeandunstableprofessions.IhavemetsofewwhohaveproudlytoldmethattheirchildrenareEnglishmajorsorhavebecomewritersorartists.ButIbecameawriterdespite，andperhapsbecauseof，theirresistancetotheidea，m

20、yinarticulate(难以言喻的) desirespushingagainsttheirinarticulatesacrifice，allofittakingplacebeforeabackdropofrefugee(难民) lifeandracialreality.IgrewupintherelativelydiversecityofSanJose，Calif.，inthe1980s.Myneighborswereolderwhiteworking-classpeople，MexicanimmigrantsandVietnameserefugees.ThenIwenttoamostly

21、whitehighschool，withonlyahandfulofstudentsofAsiandescent.Weknewweweredifferent，butwefoundourdifferencealittledifficulttoputintowords.Wecalledourselves“theAsianinvasion.”TheironywasthatwehadnotinvadedAmerica.Americahadinvadedus，orattheveryleasthadoccupiedorfoughtinourcountriesoforiginorheritage.Wewer

22、eherebecauseAmericawasthere.Lookingback，whatIonlybelatedlyrealizedwasthatIneededweallneededmorestoriesfeaturingus.Morevoicesbelongingtous.Moreadvocatestellingourstoriesinourwaywithourfaces，ourinflections，ourconcerns，ourintuitions.Wejustneededtobeatthecenterofastory，whichwouldincludealltheaspectsofhu

23、mansubjectivity，notjustthegoodbutthebad，thethree-dimensionalfullnessthatwhitepeopletookforgrantedwiththeprivilegeofbeingindividuals.Whenitcametomassmediasrepresentationsofusfilmandtelevision，morningradiodiscjockeyjokeswegotonlythebad.Weweretheservants，theenemies，thehouseboys，theinvaders.Asaresult，so

24、manyofuswhowatchedthesedistorted(扭曲的) imagesandheardthestupidjokeslearnedtobeashamedofourselves.Welearnedtobeashamedofourparents.Andtheshamecompoundedtheinabilitytosay“Iloveyou”，aphrasethatbelongedtothewonderfulworldofwhitepeoplewesawinthemoviesandtelevision.Wehadtolearnbetter，butthetruthisthatAsian

25、parentshavetolearnbetter，too.YoucannotbeproudofyourartistandstorytellerchildrenonlywhentheywinGoldenGlobes.Wehonoryoursacrificeforus，butyouhavetoencourageyourchildrentospeakupaswell，toclaimtheirvoices，toriskfailure，totelltheirstoriesandyourstories.Attheveryleast，youcannotstandintheirway.Wearestillth

26、eAsianinvasionintheeyesofmany.WecannotacceptthisasourpriceofentryintoAmericansociety.Ifwemustassertourselvesandspeakoutagainstracismwhenitisdirectedagainstus，wemustalsodosowhenitbenefitsus.AndwedothatbychallengingandchangingtheAmericanstory.Wedoitbytakingthestageandbytellingourownstories，whichisreal

27、ly，intheend，ourwayofsaying“Iloveyou”toourparents，ourfamilies，ourcommunitiesandourcountry.OutlineDetailedinformationFactsaboutAsian-AmericansfamilyChildrencannot1.theirparentssufferings.The2.resultingfromthedistortedimagesmakesAsianstooashamedtoexpresslove.Asianparents3._Theirchildrenshouldobeytheman

28、ddosomethingfor4.Getagoodeducation，getagoodjobKeepsilentBecomedoctors，lawyersandengineersratherthanartists，actorsandstorytellersMyexperienceItakeupwritingbecausemyparentsare5.tomychoiceandmydesires6.withtheirsacrifice.Ournationality7.usfromothersandlabelsourselvesas“theAsianinvasion.”MysuggestionsWe

29、needtogetacrossourinnervoicetootherswithmorestoriesfeaturingus.Weshouldberegardedasanindividual，not8.butwiththethree-dimensionalfullness.Asianparentsshouldencouragetheirchildrentopursuetheirinterestsevenwhenthey9.ConclusionItisourwayofsaying“Iloveyou”toourparentstotrytohavea10.intheAmericanstory.语篇解

30、读本文是一篇议论文。“我爱你”对于许多亚裔美国人来说，这个短语属于我们在电影和电视上看到的白人的美好世界。为什么我们要挣扎着说“我爱你”？作者对此进行了论述。1.答案imagine/understand解析转换词汇题。根据第二段的第一句可知，孩子们无法理解或想象父母的痛苦。故答案为imagine/understand。2.答案prejudice解析概括词汇题。根据倒数第三段的第一句“Asaresult，somanyofuswhowatchedthesedistorted(扭曲的) imagesandheardthestupidjokeslearnedtobeashamedofourselves

31、.”及第三句“AndtheshamecompoundedtheinabilitytosayIloveyou.”可知，扭曲的形象造成的偏见让亚裔美国人羞于表达自己的爱。故答案为prejudice。3.答案expectations/wishes解析概括词汇题。根据第三段首句“Ourparents，forthemostpart，toldustogetagoodeducation，getagoodjobandnotspeakup，thingstheyhadtodotosurvive.”可知，这里在说亚洲父母的期盼和希望。故答案为expectations/wishes。4.答案survival解析转换词

32、汇题。根据第三段中的“.thingstheyhadtodotosurvive.”可知，他们的孩子应该为生存做些什么。故答案为survival。5.答案resistant/opposed解析转换词汇题。根据第四段的最后一句可知，我的父母反对我从事写作，但是他们越是反对，我越是坚持。故答案为resistant/opposed。6.答案conflict解析概括词汇题。根据第四段的最后一句可知，我从事写作是因为我的父母反对我的选择，我的愿望与他们的牺牲相冲突。故答案为conflict。7.答案distinguishes/tells解析概括词汇题。根据第五段的最后两句“Weknewweweredifferent，butwefoundourdifferencealittledifficulttoputintowords.WecalledourselvestheAsianinvasi