1、从属连词 状语从句从属连词状语从句一、重点知识归纳及讲解(一)从属连词从属连词是引导状语从句,宾语从句及其他从句的连词。1引导状语从句的从属连词有:1)when,while,before,after,assoonas,until,since等,引导时间状语从句。2)because,as,since等引导原因状语从句。3)if,aslongas等引导条件状语从句。4)though,although引导让步状语从句。5)sothat,suchthat等引导结果状语从句。6)sothat引导目的状语从句。7)as?as?;than等引导比较状语从句。2常用从属连词的辨析1)when,as,while
2、when,as,while都表示“当的时候”,但when引导的时间状语从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时发生,也可以先后发生,when既可指时间点,也可指一段时间,所以既可引导一短暂动作动词,也可引导持续性动作的动词。用as作从属连词引导时间状语时强调主句和从句的动作并行发生,不指先后,尤指短动作或事件同时发生。如:AsIlooked,someonecamenear.(正当我看的时候,有个人走上前来。)as还可说咱两种正发展或变化的情况,意为“随着”。如:Asspringwarmstheearth,allflowersbegintobloom.(随着春回大地,百花开始绽放。)表示主从句动作同时,
3、as意为“一边一边”。如:Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.(他匆匆忙忙跑回家,一边走一边回头望。)while只指一段时间,从句中的谓语动词不能用终止性动词,强调某一段时间内主从句动作同时发生,常对同类的动作进行对比。如:Whilewewerewaitingforabus,itwasraininghearily.(我们在等车时,天正下着大雨。)2)till和untiltill和until都表示“直到为止”。主句用延续性动词,主句和从句都用肯定式:意为“直到才”。主句用终止性动词,从句用肯定式,主句用否定式。until较till正式,until引导的时间从句
4、可以放在句首。例如:Shewontgoawaytillyoupromisetohelpher.直到你允诺要帮助她,她才走开。Untilyoutoldme,Ihadheardofnothingwhathappened.直到你告诉我,我才知道发生了什么事。3)sincesince引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时,其主句一般使用现在完成时。例如:Jimhasbeeninthefactoryfortwoyearssinceheleftschool.从吉姆毕业起,他在这家工厂工作两年了。(二)状语从句修饰主句中的谓语动词,形容词或副词等的从句叫状语从句。例如:Hedidntgotoschoolyeste
5、rdaybecausehewasill.(修饰动词go)昨天他没去上学,因为他病了。Wemuststudysowellasourteacherhoped.(修饰副词well)我们应该学得你我们老师希望的那么好。LucyisyoungerthanJim(is)。(修饰形容词younger)露茜比吉姆年轻。状语从句的语序应是主语+谓语+其他成分,即陈述句的语序。状语从句的位置,可以放在主句前面或后面,但是若放在主句前面,要用逗号与主句分开;主句若是疑问句,那么时间状语从句只能放在主句的前面。1)时间状语从句时间状语从句由when,while,after,before,since,assoonas,
6、till,until等连词引导。例如:IwenttobedaftertheTVplaywasever.电视剧完了以后我上床睡觉。Couldyoulookafterherwhilewereaway?我们不在时你能照顾她吗?Shehastaughtinthisschoolsinceshecametothiscityin1989.自从一九八九年她来到这座城市以来一直在这所学校教书。WaituntilIcomeback.请你等到我回来。注意:如主句是一般将来时,则表示将来的时间状语只用一般现在时。例如:IllwritetoyouassoonasIgettoBeijing.我一到北京就将写信给你。Itw
7、illgetwarmerandwarmerwhenspringcomes.春天来临时,天气将变得越来越暖和。2)原因状语从句原因状语从句由because,as,since等连词引导。例如:Hesoldthecarbecauseitwastoosmall.他卖掉那辆小汽车,因为它太小了。Sinceyouwonthelpme,Imustdothejobmyself.你既然不帮我忙,我必须自己做这项工作。Asmymotherisawayatthismoment,Ihavetolookaftermyyoungersister.由于我的妈妈现在不在,我不得不照顾我的妹妹。注意:a)because,as,
8、since,for的用法辨析because,as,since,for都是表示各种理由的连词,但because多表示所叙述的理由是本句的重点,故because所引导的从句常放在句末。例如:Whywasheabsent?Becausehewasbadlyill.他为什么缺度?因为他病得很重。as,since用于表示理由是已知,而理由以外才是叙述的重点,两者皆多用于句首,但要注意since重形式,as多表示理由以外的才是重点。例如:Asitisraining,letsstayashome.因为下雨,我们就留在家里吧。Sinceyouhavenolicense,youarenotallowedtodr
9、ive.因为你没有驾驶执照,所以你不可以开车。for不用于句首,而用于主句之后,补充说明理由;主句表推测时,用for说明原因。例如:Illfollowhisadvice,forheisadoctor.我会听从他的劝告,因为他是医生。b)becauseof也是表示原因状语,但后面只能跟短语。例如:Istayedathomebecauseofthebadweather.因为天气不好我留在家里。3)比较状语从句比较状语从句由than或as来引导。例如:Ifeelbetternowthan(Iwas)before.我现在觉得比以前好了。Hewritesaswellasyou(do).他写得和你一样好。
10、Thisproblemismoredifficultthanthatone(is).这道题比那道题难。4)条件状语从句条件状语从句由if,unless(=ifnot)算连词引导。条件从句中的动词多用一般现在时表示将来。例如:Ishallgoifheasksme.如果他请我,我就去。Ishantgounlessheasksme.除非他请我,否则我是不去的。Ishallgo,whetherheasksmeornot.不管他请不请我,我都要去。Comewithmeifyouhavetime.如果你有时间请跟我来。IwanttowatchabasketballmatchifImwelltonight.
11、如果今晚我好了的话,我要看一场篮球赛。由and连接的简单句,可以用条件状语从句来改写。例如:Runfasterandyoullcatchupwithhim.跑快点儿你就会赶上他。=Ifyourunfaster,youllcatchupwithhim.如果你跑得快点,你就会赶上他。5)结果状语从句结果状语从句由sothat,sothat引导。例如:Hehaslosthisbikesothathecantcometoschoolontime.(结果状语)他去了自行车,所以不能准时到校。Yourshirtweresodirtythatyoumustwashit.(结果状语)你的衬衣这么脏,你应该把它
12、洗洗。注意:由sothat引导的状语从句若是表示否定意思,可以用tooto(太而不能)来替换。例如:Shewassoangrythatshecouldnotsayaword.=Shewastooangrytosayaword.她气得说不出话来。6)让步状语从句让步状语从句一般用though(虽然)、although(虽然)、eventhough(即使)引导。例如:Though/Althoughhetriedhard,hewasnotsuccessful.他虽然努力尝试,但没有成功。Hewentonworkingthoughitwasverylate.虽然很晚了,他还在继续工作。注意:1汉语中的
13、“虽然但是”在英语中用连词though就可以了,或单独使用but连接两个并列句也可以,但不能在一个句子中同时用这两个连词(主句前不用连词)。例如:“虽然我很喜欢照顾我姐姐的婴儿,但她不让我干”。这个句子我们可以用下面两种方法来表达。ThoughIlikelookingaftermysistersbaby,shedoesntletmedoit.Ilikelookingaftermysistersbaby,butshedoesntletmedoit.=though可以与yet连用,这里yet虽然意思与but相同,但yet不是连词,而是副词。例如:Thoughitwascold,yethewento
14、utwithoutacoat.虽然很冷,但他没穿外衣就出去了。二、随堂监测A组I.用when,before,after,until,assoonas,if,as,because,though,than,since,sothat填空:1.Ihaventheardfromhim_helefthome.2.Hewas_tired_hecouldntgoonworking.3.Iwascooking_sheknockedatthedoor.4.Hedidntgotobed_hefinishedhishomework.5.Thesoldierssetofftothefront_theyreceivedt
15、heofficersorder.6.Shewenttobed_theTVplaywasover.7.Iwontbelieveit_Ihearwithmyownears.8.Weshouldstrike_theironishot.9.Takethemedicine_yougotobed.10.Theycouldntsendtheirchildrentoschool_lifewasveryhardinthosedays.11._thismethoddoesntwork,letstryanother.12.WereleavingforShenzhen_itisfinetoday.13.Iknewno
16、thingaboutit_hetoldme.14.Thesingerwas_pleased_hecouldntsayaword.15.Pleaseworkharder_allofyoucanpassthefinalexam.16.Armyandpeopleareasinseparable(不可分的)_fishandwater.17.Theharvestofthisyearismuchbetter_thatoflastyear.18._thestoryisshortandtherearenonewwordsinit,itisdifficulttounderstand.II.用适当的连词完成改写后
17、的句子,使其与第一个句子意思相同或相近:1.Wecantfinishtheworkintimewithoutyourhelp.Wecantfinishtheworkintime_youdonthelpme.2.Nowshopblowing,andtheglasswillbeclearagain._younowstopblowing,theglasswillbeclearagain.3.Ifwedonthurry,wellbelateforthefilm.Letshurry,_wellbelateforthefilm.4.Thegirlistooyoungtogotoschool.Thegirl
18、is_young_shecantgotoschool.5.Jennygotupevenearlierthenextmorninginordertogettoschoolontime.Jennygotupevenearlierthenextmorning_shecouldgettoschoolontime.6.Jackhasntseenthenewfilm.Ihaventseenit,either._Jack_Ihaveseenthenewfilm.7.WeiHuaisaLeaguemember.HanMeimeiisaLeaguemember,too._WeiHua_HanMeimeiareL
19、eaguemembers.8.ThelittleboyspeaksEnglishverywell.HespeaksRussianverywell,too.Thelittleboyspeaks_English_Russianverywell.9.XiaoMingwasbornin1988.WangLinwasbornin1988,too.XiaoMingisjustasold_WangLin.10.MissGaoisverykind.Allthestudentslikeher.MissGaois_kind_allthestudentslikeher.三、随堂监测B组III.单项选择:1.Wewe
20、regettingreadytogoout_itbegantorain.A.whereB.whenC.sinceD.if2.Welovespring_thererebeautifulflowerseverywhere.A.butB.ifC.thoughD.because3.Theworkwas_difficult_ittookusquitealongtimetodoit.A.such,thatB.so,thatC.too,thatD.too,to4.Illtellhimtogiveyouacall_hecomesback.A.becauseB.sinceC.assoonasD.but5.-Wh
21、ydidLiLeiuseapencil?-_hispenwasbroken.A.BecauseB.WhenC.UntilD.If6.IthinkChineseismorepopular_anyothersubject.A.thanB.forC.asD.then7.WhatdoIhavetodo_Iwanttobethinner?A.ifB.becauseC.sinceD.for8.Iwontturnoffthelight_youvefinishedreading.?A.whenB.afterC.assoonasD.until9.IllstudyEnglishandotherobjects_Ic
22、an.?A.sohardasB.ashardasC.sohardlyasD.ashardlyas10.Thoughitrainedheavily,_werestillplayingontheplayground.?A.theyB.sotheyC.buttheyD.andthey11.Youshouldfinishyourexercises_yougotobed.?A.afterB.beforeC.becauseD.if12.-ArewegoingtoWestHillFarmbybike?-No.Bybus,_itisquitefarfromhere.?A.ifB.whenC.thoughD.b
23、ecause13.Mr.Readhastaughtinthatsmalltown_heleftCanadain1988.?A.whenB.afterC.forD.since14.Im_busygettingreadyforChristmas_Ihavenotimetowritetoyou.?A.not,untilB.too,toC.so,thatD.neither,nor15.YoulldobetterinEnglish_youworkharder.?A.orB.thanC.ifD.before16.Tomdidntgotoschoolyesterday_hewasill.?A.butB.un
24、tilC.ifD.because17.LiHua_inthefactorysincesheleftschooltenyearsago.?A.worksB.workedC.hasworkedD.hadworked18.-ImgoingtoHangzhouforaholidaythisweekend.?-_youarethere,canyoubuymesomegreentea?A.BecauseB.IfC.WhileD.After19.Whatshallwedo_itrainstomorrow?A.soB.ifC.butD.because20.Ifyou_himtomorrow,pleaseask
25、himifhe_toworkonthefarmwithus.?A.see,goesB.willsee,goesC.willsee,willgoD.see,willgo21.Theroomis_dirty_wedontwanttostayhere.?A.so,thatB.such,thatC.either,orD.as,as22._hesveryyoung,_heknowsseverallanguages.?A.Though,butB.Because,soC.Though,/D.Because,/23.Theywillhaveasportsmeetingifit_tomorrow.?A.wont
26、rainB.willrainC.doesntrainD.rains24.Myparentswillgooutforanoutingwithmeifthey_freenextSunday.?A.willbeB.areC.haveD.willhave25.We_XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.?A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew26.Couldyouringmeupassoonashe_?A.arrivedB.wouldarriveC.arrivesD.willarrive27.We_TVwhenthetelephone_.?A.watch
27、ed,wasringing?B.werewatching,rang?C.watch,rings?D.arewatching,rang28.Kate_tobeduntilherfatherreturnedyesterdayevening.?A.wontgoB.doesntgoC.wentD.didntgo29.Ifthechild_,pleasetelephonethepolice.?A.foundB.isfoundC.wasfoundD.hasfound30.Ifyou_heretomorrow,Illbedelighted.?A.comesB.willcomeC.came?D.come?1.
28、 Johnshuteverybodyoutofthekitchen_hecouldpreparehisgrandsurprisefortheparty.A.whichB.whenC.sothatD.asif2. Iwouldappreciateit_youcallbackthisafternoonforthedoctorsappointment.A.untilB.ifC.whenD.that3. AsfarasIamconcerned,educationisaboutlearningandthemoreyoulearn,_.A.themoreforlifeareyouequippedB.the
29、moreequippedforlifeyouareC.themorelifeyouareequippedforD.youareequippedthemoreforlife4. Afterthewar,anewschoolbuildingwasputup_therehadoncebeenatheatre.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.When5.IsMr.Smithintheoffice?Yes,_heisinchargeoftheoffice,hemustbethere.A.sinceB.howeverC.whetherD.for6. Asyourgoodfriend,Iwilldo_helpyou.A.thatIcantoB.whatIcantoC.allthatIcanD.whatIcan7. Johnmayphonetonight.Idontwanttogoout_hephones.A.aslongasB.i
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