复合句与简单句的转换技巧.docx

1、复合句与简单句的转换技巧 Revised as of 23 November 2020复合句与简单句的转换技巧复合句与简单句的转换技巧?一、含宾语的复合句转换为简单句即将宾语转换成相应的短语。如：We expected that you would come. 我们希望你来。We expected you to come. 我们希望你来。Now tell me what I should do. 现在告诉我该怎么办。Now tell me what to do. 现在告诉我该怎么办。I remember I once met her at a party. 我记得在一次晚会上见过他。I rem

2、ember once meeting her at a party. 我记得在一次晚会上见过他。I ask him what I shall do. 我问他该怎么办。I ask him what to do. 我问他该怎么办。I cant decide whom I should invite. 我不能决定该邀请谁。I cant decide whom to invite. 我不能决定该邀请谁。二、含状语的复合句转换成简单句即将状语转换成状语短语。如：He cant come because he is ill. 他因病不能来。He cant come because of his illne

3、ss. 他因病不能来。Turn off the light before you leave. 离开前请关灯。Turn off the light before leaving. 离开前请关灯。He went home after he finished his work. 他做完工作后就回家了。He went home after finishing his work. 他做完工作后就回家了。He was so angry that he couldnt speak. 他气得话都说不出来。He was too angry too speak. 他气得话都说不出来。He studied har

4、d in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力学习以便能考及格。He studied hard in order to pass the exam. 他努力学习以便能考及格。句型变换陈述句变1. 变成一般将陈述句变成一般，要根据陈述句中的谓语动词及其确定疑问形式。其句型特点一般是：助动词或 + 主语 + 谓语 + 动词 + 其他如：The policeman told the boys not to play football in the street. (甘肃省中考题) _ the policeman _ the boys not to play f

5、ootball in the street答案：Did, tell2. 变成特殊将陈述句变成特殊时，常用的方法是“一选，二移，三变，四代”。“一选”就是选择疑问词，被选择的疑问代词有：what, which, who, whose；疑问副词有：where, when, why, how；疑问副词词组有：how long, how often, how soon, how far, how many, how much, how old等。“二移”就是把be动词，助动词或移到句首。“三变”就是将原句中第一个单词的首字母改为小写(专有名词除外)，将some, something等改为any, an

6、ything等，将句号改为问号。四代就是将选好的特殊疑问词替代划线部分。如：(西宁市中考题)At the age of three, David weighed 20 kilos. (就划线部分提问)_ did David weigh at the age of three答案：How much3. 变成选择将陈述句变成一般，在问号前加上“or + 所给的被选择部分”。如：(新疆中考题)Most young men like popular music. (用 rock music 改为选择)_ most young men like popular music _ rock music答案：

7、Do, or4. 变成反意 陈述句变成反意疑问句时一定要遵循“前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定”的原则。历年中考常考的六种特殊的反意是在英语口语中，I am后面的附加疑问部分常用arent I；There be. 后面的附加疑问部分一般用be(not)there；在Let us.后面，常用will you；Lets.后面，常用shall we；had better后面，附加疑问部分的助动词用had；当陈述部分是祈使句时，附加疑问部分通常用will you或wont you。如：(from King hardly spoke a word the whole time. (广州市中考题)Miss

8、King hardly spoke a word the whole time, _ _ 答案：did she句型变换肯定句变成1. 若原句中有动词be原句中含有be动词(am, is, are, was, were) 和助动词(have, has, had) 和(can, shall, will, may, should, would, might, had better等)时，要在动词后直接加not。如：His mother has already called the police for help. (乌鲁木齐市中考题)His mother _ called the police fo

9、r help _. (答案：hasnt, yet)2. 若原句中没有动词be原句中没有be动词，助动词或时，要在行为动词前加助动词(do, does, did)与否定副词not的缩写形式。另外，还需要将原句子中的some改为any； too改either；already改为yet。还需要分清do, have等是实义动词还是助动词。如：The old man hurt his leg last Wednesday. (西宁市中考题)The old man _ _ his leg last Wednesday. (答案：didnt hurt)3. 若原句中有原句中含有every, everythi

10、ng, all, both等或bothand, a lot of 等短语时，与否定副词not连用属部分否定。把这些变成neither, none, no one或把bothand变成neithernor时，才是全部否定。如： Both Joy and Sam like singing Beijing Opera. (新疆中考题)_ Joy _ Sam likes singing Beijing Opera.(答案：Neither, nor)4. 若原句为复合句在含有宾语的主从复合句中，当主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think时，如果要否定后面的宾语，习惯上否定主句的谓语动词。如： I th

11、ink she will come here soon. I dont think she will come here soon.如何将陈述句变为一、变为一般将陈述句变成一般，要根据陈述句中的谓语动词及其确定疑问形式。其句型特点一般是：助动词或 + 主语 + 谓语 + 动词 + 其他如：The policeman told the boys not to play football in the street. (甘肃省中考题) _ the policeman _ the boys not to play football in the street答案：Did, tell二、变为特殊将陈述

12、句变成特殊时，常用的方法是“一选，二移，三变，四代”。“一选”就是选择疑问词，被选择的疑问代词有：what, which, who, whose；疑问副词有：where, when, why, how；疑问副词词组有：how long, how often, how soon, how far, how many, how much, how old等。“二移”就是把be动词，助动词或移到句首。“三变”就是将原句中第一个单词的首字母改为小写(专有名词除外)，将some, something等改为any, anything等，将句号改为问号。四代就是将选好的特殊疑问词替代划线部分。如：(西宁市中

13、考题)At the age of three, David weighed 20 kilos. (就划线部分提问)_ did David weigh at the age of three答案：How much三、变为选择将陈述句变成一般，在问号前加上“or + 所给的被选择部分”。如：(新疆中考题)Most young men like popular music. (用 rock music 改为选择)_ most young men like popular music _ rock music答案：Do, or (from 四、变为反意陈述句变成反意疑问句时一定要遵循“前肯定，后否定；

14、前否定，后肯定”的原则。历年中考常考的六种特殊的反意是在英语口语中，I am后面的附加疑问部分常用arent I；There be. 后面的附加疑问部分一般用be(not)there；在Let us.后面，常用will you；Lets.后面，常用shall we；had better后面，附加疑问部分的助动词用had；当陈述部分是祈使句时，附加疑问部分通常用will you或wont you。如：Miss King hardly spoke a word the whole time. (广州市中考题)Miss King hardly spoke a word the whole time,

15、 _ _ 答案：did she肯定句变的技巧一、动词后直接加not。原句中含有be动词(am, is, are, was, were) 和助动词(have, has, had) 和(can, shall, will, may, should, would, might, had better等)时，要在动词后直接加not。如：His mother has already called the police for help. (乌鲁木齐市中考题)His mother _ called the police for help _. (答案：hasnt, yet)二、原句中没有be动词，助动词或时

16、，要在行为动词前加助动词(do, does, did)与否定副词not的缩写形式。另外，还需要将原句子中的some改为any； too改either；already改为yet。还需要分清do, have等是实义动词还是助动词。如(from ：The old man hurt his leg last Wednesday. (西宁市中考题)The old man _ _ his leg last Wednesday. (答案：didnt hurt)三、原句中含有every, everything, all, both等或bothand, a lot of 等短语时，与否定副词not连用属部分否定

17、。把这些变成neither, none, no one或把bothand变成neithernor时，才是全部否定。如： Both Joy and Sam like singing Beijing Opera. (新疆中考题)_ Joy _ Sam likes singing Beijing Opera.(答案：Neither, nor)四、在含有宾语的主从复合句中，当主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think时，如果要否定后面的宾语，习惯上否定主句的谓语动词。如： I think she will come here soon. I dont think she will come here

18、soon.同义句变换根据句意改写主要考查学生对句意的理解和用一个词或一种结构来概括上句的意思的综合能力。如：1. Li Hua and Zhang Ming are the same age. Li Hua is _ _ _ Zhang Ming.【答案】as old / young as。第一句的意思是“李华和张明同岁”，第二句是说“李华和张明年纪一样大”。2. How many people live in France _ _ the population of France【答案】What is。第一句的意思是“法国有多少人”第二句的意思是“法国的人口有多少” 3. The runne

19、r fell behind the others though he did what he could. The runner _ to keep up with the others though he _ his _.【答案】failed; tried; best。第一句意思是：虽然这名赛跑选手尽了全力，但还是落在了别人的后面。第二句的意思是：虽然这名赛跑选手尽了全力，但还是跟不上别人。4. Before talking, he told me his name and I told him my name . We _ _ _ _ before talking.【答案】told eac

20、h others names。第一句意思是：谈话前，他告诉了我他的名字，我也告诉他我的名字。第二句的意思是：谈话前，我们相互告知了对方的名字。5. She has been away from Shanghai for over one year. More than one year has _ since she _ Shanghai.【答案】passed; left。第一句的意思是：她离开上海已经一年多了。第二句的意思是：自从她离开上海，一年多已经过去了。6. Walk along the street, then take the third crossing on the right

21、. Walk down the street, then _ _ at the third crossing.【答案】turn right。两句都是告知他人去某地的路线的常用语，其句意都是：沿着这条街走，然后在第三个拐弯处右转。同义句变换利用改写即运用关系代词、关系副词或从属连词改写。如：1. The man is talking with a lady. He gave us a talk last week. The man _ gave us a talk last week _ _ with a lady.【答案】who / that; is talking。定语who / that

22、gave us a talk last week修饰先行词the man。2. He didnt want to miss the first bus, so he got up early. He got up early _ _ he could catch the first bus.【答案】so that。目的状语so that he could catch the first bus说明动词got up early的目的。3. “Did you sleep well last night” David asked her. David asked her _ _ _ well las

23、t night.【答案】if / whether she slept。直接引语转换成间接引语时，如果直接引语是一般时，连接词要用if或whether，句子保持陈述句的语序。 4. Come on, or well miss the early bus._ we _ hurry, well miss the early bus. 【答案】 If; don t。if 引导条件状语。句意为：如果我们还不快一点，我们就赶不上头班车了。祈使句与条件状语的相互转换。5. John will go to bed after he finished his homework. John _ to bed _

24、he finished his homework.【答案】didnt; until。notuntil表示“直到才”的意思。同义句变换利用so do I改写 “so动词主语”结构，表示肯定，译为“某人(物) 也如此”。“neithernor 动词主语”结构表示否定， 译为“某人(物) 也不”。这两种结构指前一句所说的情况同样也适合另一个人或物。转换时应注意四点：1. 动词指助动词、be动词或；2. 动词在上与前句呼应；3. 动词在数上要与本句主语保持一致；4. 表示否定时，neithernor本身具有否定意义，动词要用肯定形式。 1. Jim wants to go boating and hi

25、s parents want to go boating, too. Jim wants to go boating, and _ _ his parents. 【答案】so do。主语是复数his parents, 是一般现在时，助动词用do。2. I like playing tennis. He likes playing tennis, too. I like playing tennis, _ _ he. 【答案】so does。主语是第三人称单数，是一般现在时，助动词用does。同义句变换利用连词改写(1. 运用关联连词(组) both.and, neither.nor, eith

26、er.or, not only.but also, as well as等，可将并列句或两个句子合并为一个简单句，注意neither.nor, either.or, not only.but also作主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。 1. Lucy cant sing the English song Yesterday Once More. And Lily cant sing it, either. _ Lucy_ Lily can sing the English song Yesterday Once More. 【答案】Neither; nor。neither.nor表示 “() 都

27、不”。 2. My father isnt a history teacher. My mother isnt a history teacher, either. _ my father _ my mother _ a history teacher.【答案】Neither; nor; is。neither nor 作句子的主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，与最邻近的那个名词或代词保持数的一致。3. Alice has seen the film twice. Sandy has seen it twice, too. _ Alice_ Sandy have seen the film tw

28、ice.【答案】Both; and。bothand 表示“()都”。4. This store sells mens shoes, and it also sells mens clothes. This store sells _ _ mens shoes _ _ mens clothes.【答案】not only; but also。not only.but also示“不仅而且”之意。同义句变换利用短语改写1. We have friends in the whole world. Our friends are _ _ the world.【答案】all over。固定词组all ov

29、er表示“遍及”之意。2. Its a long time since we met last. We havent seen each other _ _.【答案】for long。for long意为“很长一段时间”。3. He walks to school every day. He goes to school _ _ every day.【答案】on foot。固定词组on foot意为“步行”。4. Tom had no time for breakfast. He went to school in a hurry. Tom _ to school _ breakfast.【答案】went; without。without有“没有，不(带) ”之意。5. I met one of my friends when I was going to the museum. _ _ _ to the museum I met an old friend of mine.【答案】On my way。短语on ones way to 表示“在某人去的路上”的意思。同义句变换利用改写1. The foreigners want